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Ulu l-Amr Verse: Difference between revisions
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'''Ulu l-Amr verse''' (Arabic: {{ia|آیة أولي الأمر}}) or the '''Iṭāʿa''' (Arabic: {{ia|إطاعة}}, obedience) [[verse]] is the verse 59 of [[Qur'an 4]] (Sura al-Nisa') which commands believers to obey [[God]], the [[Prophet (s)]], and Ulu l-Amr (those vested with authority). The verse is one of the Qur'anic proofs for the [[infallibility]] and [[imamate]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and other [[ | '''Ulu l-Amr verse''' (Arabic: {{ia|آیة أولي الأمر}}) or the '''Iṭāʿa''' (Arabic: {{ia|إطاعة}}, obedience) [[verse]] is the verse 59 of [[Qur'an 4]] (Sura al-Nisa') which commands believers to obey [[God]], the [[Prophet (s)]], and Ulu l-Amr (those vested with authority). The verse is one of the Qur'anic proofs for the [[infallibility]] and [[imamate]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and other [[Imams (a)]]. | ||
{{Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | {{Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | ||
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==Context of Revelation== | ==Context of Revelation== | ||
A [[Muslim]] and a [[Jew]] had a dispute over a subject. The Jew said, "Let's go to [[Muhammad (s)]] for judgment", the Jew knew that the Prophet (s) would not accept bribe; but the Muslim said, "Let's go to Ka'b b. Ashraf" because the Muslim knew that he will accept bribe and will judge for him. After the event, the verse of "Ulu l-Amr" [[revealed]] and commanded the [[believer]]s to obey God, the Prophet (s), and Ulu l-Amr; and in times of any dispute refer to God and his Prophet (s).<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 264.</ref> | |||
==Indication that Ulu l-Amr are Infallible == | ==Indication that Ulu l-Amr are Infallible == | ||
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In the view of the [[Shi'a]] [[exegete]]s, there's no doubt that the verse indicates the [[infallibility]] of Ulu l-Amr. The reasoning is based on two main points: | In the view of the [[Shi'a]] [[exegete]]s, there's no doubt that the verse indicates the [[infallibility]] of Ulu l-Amr. The reasoning is based on two main points: | ||
* When God commands to obey someone unconditionally, it results in his infallibility; because if he is fallible and commands us to | * When God commands to obey someone unconditionally, it results in his infallibility; because if he is fallible and commands us to commit a [[sin]], at the same time, we must obey him (because God commanded us to do so), and not obey him (because we must not commit sins).<ref>Muẓaffar, ''Dalāʾil al-ṣidq'', vol. 2, p. 17.</ref> | ||
* The word ''Ulu l-Amr'' is mentioned immediately after the word ''al-Rasul'' (Prophet) and because the obedience of the Prophet (s) is unconditionally necessary, due to his infallibility, so the obedience of Ulu l-Amr is also unconditional. So it results in the infallibility of Ulu l-Amr.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 64.</ref> | * The word ''Ulu l-Amr'' is mentioned immediately after the word ''al-Rasul'' (Prophet) and because the obedience of the Prophet (s) is unconditionally necessary, due to his infallibility, so the obedience of Ulu l-Amr is also unconditional. So it results in the infallibility of Ulu l-Amr.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 64.</ref> | ||
In addition to Shi'a scholars some [[Sunni]] scholars, | In addition to Shi'a scholars, some [[Sunni]] scholars, such as [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]] accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Ulu l-Amr.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 10, p. 113.</ref> | ||
==Instances of Ulu l-Amr== | ==Instances of Ulu l-Amr== | ||
Although Fakhr al-Din al-Razi accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Ulu l-Amr; he considers its instance, the [[consensus]] of Muslims and claims that we cannot identify the infallible and recognize them.<ref> Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 10, p. 113.</ref> However, there are many [[hadith]]s in Shi'a sources which explain that the instance of Ulu l-Amr are the Shia Imams (a): | Although Fakhr al-Din al-Razi accepts that the verse indicates the infallibility of Ulu l-Amr; he considers its instance, the [[consensus]] of Muslims and claims that we cannot identify the infallible and recognize them.<ref> Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātīḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 10, p. 113.</ref> However, there are many [[hadith]]s in Shi'a sources which explain that the instance of Ulu l-Amr are the Shia Imams (a): | ||
* [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] says, "When the verse revealed, I asked the [[Prophet (s)]], 'We know God and his Prophet (s), but who are Ulu l-Amr that God attached their obedience to your obedience?', the Prophet (s) said, 'They are my successors and imams of Muslims after me, first of them is [[Imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali]], then [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)|al-Hasan]], then [[Imam al-Husayn (a)|al-Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|'Ali b. al-Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Baqir (a)|Muhammad b. 'Ali]],…'<ref>Qundūzī, ''Yanābīʿ al-Mawadda'', p. 494.</ref> | * [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] says, "When the verse was revealed, I asked the [[Prophet (s)]], 'We know God and his Prophet (s), but who are Ulu l-Amr that God attached their obedience to your obedience?', the Prophet (s) said, 'They are my successors and imams of Muslims after me, first of them is [[Imam 'Ali (a)|'Ali]], then [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)|al-Hasan]], then [[Imam al-Husayn (a)|al-Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|'Ali b. al-Husayn]], then [[Imam al-Baqir (a)|Muhammad b. 'Ali]],…'<ref>Qundūzī, ''Yanābīʿ al-Mawadda'', p. 494.</ref> | ||
* [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says in the exegesis of the verse, "Ulu l-Amr are from the children of 'Ali (a) and [[Fatima (s)|Fatima (a)]], till the [[Day of Judgment]]." He also said, "By Ulu l-Amr, God only intended us and commanded all the faithful to obey us until the Day of Judgment."<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', p. 383, 386.</ref> | * [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says in the exegesis of the verse, "Ulu l-Amr are from the children of 'Ali (a) and [[Fatima (s)|Fatima (a)]], till the [[Day of Judgment]]." He also said, "By Ulu l-Amr, God only intended us and commanded all the faithful to obey us until the Day of Judgment."<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', p. 383, 386.</ref> | ||
* [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] says, "Ulu l-Amr are 'Ali b. Abi Talib, al-Hasan, al-Husayn, 'Ali b. al-Husayn, Muhammad b. 'Ali and me, praise God that introduced your imams and leaders to you when people deny them.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', p. 252.</ref> | * [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] says, "Ulu l-Amr are 'Ali b. Abi Talib, al-Hasan, al-Husayn, 'Ali b. al-Husayn, Muhammad b. 'Ali and me, praise God that introduced your imams and leaders to you when people deny them.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', p. 252.</ref> | ||
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{{The excellences of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{The excellences of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
{{Famous verses of Qur'an}} | {{Famous verses of Qur'an}} | ||
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