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Haram (holy site): Difference between revisions
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After Abraham (a), [[Isma'il]] reconstructed the indicators of Haram. In [[al-Jahiliyya|pre-Islam Age of Ignorance]], 'Adnan b. Udad and Qusay b. Kilab did the same at their own times. [[Quraysh]] rebuilt the indicators of Haram at the beginning of the Prophet's (s) mission. 8 years later, after conquering Mecca, Tamim b. Asad Khuza'i and Aswad b. Khalaf Qurashi Zuhari repaired and rebuilt the indicators of Haram by the order of [[the Prophet (s)]]. In next periods also by the order of [['Umar b. Khattab]] (in 17/638), [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] (in 26/646), [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] (ruled 41/661–60/679), [['Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] (ruled 65/684–86/705), and [[Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] (ruled 158/774–169/785), some people repaired and rebuilt the indicators of Haram.<ref>Azraqi, muhammad b. 'Abd allah. ''Akhbar makka wa ma ja'a fiha min al-athar''. vol. 2. p. 128-130; 'Asqalani, Ibn Hajar. ''al-Isaba fi tamiyz al-sahaba''.vol. 1. p. 72, 367</ref> After Mahdi al-'Abbasi, the signs which were on mountains were not repaired anymore and only those which were on the routes entering Mecca which were routes from [[Medina]], [[Yemen]], [[Iraq]], Ta'if and Ju'rana and Jaddah were repaired.<ref>Ibn Dihish, 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Haram al-makki al-sharif wa al-a'lam al-muhita bih''. p. 51-52</ref> | After Abraham (a), [[Isma'il]] reconstructed the indicators of Haram. In [[al-Jahiliyya|pre-Islam Age of Ignorance]], 'Adnan b. Udad and Qusay b. Kilab did the same at their own times. [[Quraysh]] rebuilt the indicators of Haram at the beginning of the Prophet's (s) mission. 8 years later, after conquering Mecca, Tamim b. Asad Khuza'i and Aswad b. Khalaf Qurashi Zuhari repaired and rebuilt the indicators of Haram by the order of [[the Prophet (s)]]. In next periods also by the order of [['Umar b. Khattab]] (in 17/638), [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] (in 26/646), [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] (ruled 41/661–60/679), [['Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] (ruled 65/684–86/705), and [[Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] (ruled 158/774–169/785), some people repaired and rebuilt the indicators of Haram.<ref>Azraqi, muhammad b. 'Abd allah. ''Akhbar makka wa ma ja'a fiha min al-athar''. vol. 2. p. 128-130; 'Asqalani, Ibn Hajar. ''al-Isaba fi tamiyz al-sahaba''.vol. 1. p. 72, 367</ref> After Mahdi al-'Abbasi, the signs which were on mountains were not repaired anymore and only those which were on the routes entering Mecca which were routes from [[Medina]], [[Yemen]], [[Iraq]], Ta'if and Ju'rana and Jaddah were repaired.<ref>Ibn Dihish, 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Haram al-makki al-sharif wa al-a'lam al-muhita bih''. p. 51-52</ref> | ||
In next periods, some others repaired or reconstructed the indicators of Haram such as Radi al-'Abbasi in 325/936, Muzaffar b. Abu Bakr, the Ayyubi king in 616/1219, Malik Muzaffar Yusuf b. 'Umar, the ruler of [[Yemen]] in 683/1284, the Circassian Qaitbay Mahmudi of [[Egypt]] in 874/1469, the Ottoman king Ahmad Khan I in 1023/1614, Sharif Zayd b. Muhsin, the ruler of Mecca in 1037/1627 and the Ottoman Sultan 'Abd al-Majid I in 1262/1845.<ref>Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad. ''Shefa' al-gharam bi-akhbar al-balad al-haram''. vol. 1. p. 107; Ibn | In next periods, some others repaired or reconstructed the indicators of Haram such as Radi al-'Abbasi in 325/936, Muzaffar b. Abu Bakr, the Ayyubi king in 616/1219, Malik Muzaffar Yusuf b. 'Umar, the ruler of [[Yemen]] in 683/1284, the Circassian Qaitbay Mahmudi of [[Egypt]] in 874/1469, the Ottoman king Ahmad Khan I in 1023/1614, Sharif Zayd b. Muhsin, the ruler of Mecca in 1037/1627 and the Ottoman Sultan 'Abd al-Majid I in 1262/1845.<ref>Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad. ''Shefa' al-gharam bi-akhbar al-balad al-haram''. vol. 1. p. 107; Ibn Fahd, 'Umar b. Muhammad. ''Inhaf al-wura bi-akhbar um al-qura''. vol. 2. p. 386 & vol. 3. p. 117; Ibn Dihish, 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Haram al-makki al-sharif wa al-a'lam al-muhita bih''. p. 52-55</ref> | ||
Reconstruction of the indicators continued during the rule of [[Al Sa'ud]]. In 1343/1924, 'Abd al-'Aziz, the founder of al-Sa'udi kingdom repaired and reconstructed two indicators on the route of Jaddah and after him his son Sa'ud repaired and reconstructed two indicators in Shamisi region in 1376 AH, two indicators on the route of Ta'if in 1377/1957 and some indicators on the route of [['Arafa]] in 1383/1963. Also, Khalid b. 'Abd al-'Aziz reconstructed two signs on the route of Ta'if and two signs on the old route of Jaddah and Fahd b. 'Abd al-'Aziz constructed two new signs in 1404/1983 in the region of Tan'im.<ref>Kurdi, Muhammad Tahir. ''al-Tarikh al-qawim li-maka wa bayt allah al-karim''. vol. 1. p. 100-101; Ibn Dihish, 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Haram al-makki al-sharif wa al-a'lam al-muhita bih''. p. 56-62</ref> In 1380/1960, 1384/1964 and 1400/1979, some groups of scholars studied the indicators of Haram.<ref>Ibn Dihish, 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Haram al-makki al-sharif wa al-a'lam al-muhita bih''. p. 63</ref> | Reconstruction of the indicators continued during the rule of [[Al Sa'ud]]. In 1343/1924, 'Abd al-'Aziz, the founder of al-Sa'udi kingdom repaired and reconstructed two indicators on the route of Jaddah and after him his son Sa'ud repaired and reconstructed two indicators in Shamisi region in 1376 AH, two indicators on the route of Ta'if in 1377/1957 and some indicators on the route of [['Arafa]] in 1383/1963. Also, Khalid b. 'Abd al-'Aziz reconstructed two signs on the route of Ta'if and two signs on the old route of Jaddah and Fahd b. 'Abd al-'Aziz constructed two new signs in 1404/1983 in the region of Tan'im.<ref>Kurdi, Muhammad Tahir. ''al-Tarikh al-qawim li-maka wa bayt allah al-karim''. vol. 1. p. 100-101; Ibn Dihish, 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Haram al-makki al-sharif wa al-a'lam al-muhita bih''. p. 56-62</ref> In 1380/1960, 1384/1964 and 1400/1979, some groups of scholars studied the indicators of Haram.<ref>Ibn Dihish, 'Abd al-malik b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Haram al-makki al-sharif wa al-a'lam al-muhita bih''. p. 63</ref> | ||