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Nahj al-balagha (book): Difference between revisions
category and quick review
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{{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
| name = Nahj al-balagha | | name = Nahj al-balagha | ||
| image = Nahjul-Balagha-Imam-Ali-700x877.jpg | | image = Nahjul-Balagha-Imam-Ali-700x877.jpg | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Template:Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | {{Template:Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | ||
'''''Nahj al-balāgha''''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| نهج البلاغة}}) is an anthology of sayings and writings of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] which have been compiled by [[al-Sayyid al-Radi]] in late 4th/10th century (finished in [[400]]/1009-1010). The criteria for selecting the sayings has been the eloquence of speech. The eloquence in this compilation is at such a high level that even though al-Sayyid al-Radi was a great poet and distinguished man of literature and had great works, regarded this compilation an honor for himself. | '''''Nahj al-balāgha''''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|نهج البلاغة}}) is an anthology of sayings and writings of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] which have been compiled by [[al-Sayyid al-Radi]] in late 4th/10th century (finished in [[400]]/1009-1010). The criteria for selecting the sayings has been the eloquence of speech. The eloquence in this compilation is at such a high level that even though al-Sayyid al-Radi was a great poet and distinguished man of literature and had great works, regarded this compilation an honor for himself. | ||
Throughout the sermons, Imam (a) calls people to obey God's orders and abandon prohibitions and in his letters advises his agents to observe the rights of people. Kalimat al-qisar [short sayings] of ''Nahj al-balagha'' are a collection of wise sayings stated at the peak of eloquence. | Throughout the sermons, Imam (a) calls people to obey God's orders and abandon prohibitions and in his letters advises his agents to observe the rights of people. Kalimat al-qisar [short sayings] of ''Nahj al-balagha'' are a collection of wise sayings stated at the peak of eloquence. | ||
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This book has been translated to different languages and many [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars have written commentaries on it. | This book has been translated to different languages and many [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars have written commentaries on it. | ||
== | == Intention out of Collecting Imam 'Ali's (a) Words == | ||
In the introduction of ''Nahj al-balagha'', al-Sayyid al-Radi wrote: | In the introduction of ''Nahj al-balagha'', al-Sayyid al-Radi wrote: | ||
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:The object of this compilation is to bring forth Amir almu'minin's greatness and superiority in the art of rhetorics, in addition to his countless qualities and innumerable distinctions, and to show that he had risen to the highest pinnacle of this attainment; was singular among all those predecessors whose utterances are quoted here and there, whereas his own utterances are such an on-rushing stream that its flow cannot be encountered and such a treasure of delicacies that cannot be matched." | :The object of this compilation is to bring forth Amir almu'minin's greatness and superiority in the art of rhetorics, in addition to his countless qualities and innumerable distinctions, and to show that he had risen to the highest pinnacle of this attainment; was singular among all those predecessors whose utterances are quoted here and there, whereas his own utterances are such an on-rushing stream that its flow cannot be encountered and such a treasure of delicacies that cannot be matched." | ||
== Naming | == Naming == | ||
{{Shi'a-Vertical}} | {{Shi'a-Vertical}} | ||
"Nahj" means "clear path". Therefore, Nahj al-balagha means the "clear path of eloquence". In the preface of the book, [[al-Sayyid al-Radi]] said: | "Nahj" means "clear path". Therefore, Nahj al-balagha means the "clear path of eloquence". In the preface of the book, [[al-Sayyid al-Radi]] said: | ||
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[[Shaykh Muhammad 'Abduh]], the previous Mufti of [[Egypt]] who is a [[Sunni]] scholar wrote in the introduction to his commentary on ''Nahj al-balagha'' that, "I do not know a name which better addresses the meaning than this name. It is not in my competence to describe this book more than what this name suggest…" | [[Shaykh Muhammad 'Abduh]], the previous Mufti of [[Egypt]] who is a [[Sunni]] scholar wrote in the introduction to his commentary on ''Nahj al-balagha'' that, "I do not know a name which better addresses the meaning than this name. It is not in my competence to describe this book more than what this name suggest…" | ||
== Content | == Content == | ||
In his preface on ''Nahj al-balagha'', [[al-Sayyid al-Radi]] writes in the categorization of topics that, | In his preface on ''Nahj al-balagha'', [[al-Sayyid al-Radi]] writes in the categorization of topics that, | ||
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# ''Masadir Nahj al-balagha wa asanidah'' by Sayyid Abd al-Zahra al-Husayni al-Khatib | # ''Masadir Nahj al-balagha wa asanidah'' by Sayyid Abd al-Zahra al-Husayni al-Khatib | ||
== | == Mustadraks (Supplements) == | ||
Since ''Nahj al-balagha'' is just a selection of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s sayings not all of them; therefore, some researchers tried to collect all of them. Such efforts are listed below: | Since ''Nahj al-balagha'' is just a selection of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s sayings not all of them; therefore, some researchers tried to collect all of them. Such efforts are listed below: | ||
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# Mastadrak Nahj al-balagha…, al-Hadi Kashif al-Ghita. | # Mastadrak Nahj al-balagha…, al-Hadi Kashif al-Ghita. | ||
== Effects | == Effects in Arabic Literature == | ||
Arab speakers after first century AH used to read [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s sayings and sentences in order to enrich and decorate their speeches and avoid wrong usages so that their habit of eloquence is formed in their speeches and writings and their words are accepted by everyone. Studying sermons and treatises of Arab men of literature and poets after Islam, a researchers can see that very few of them have not benefited from Imam 'Ali (a)'s words. | Arab speakers after first century AH used to read [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s sayings and sentences in order to enrich and decorate their speeches and avoid wrong usages so that their habit of eloquence is formed in their speeches and writings and their words are accepted by everyone. Studying sermons and treatises of Arab men of literature and poets after Islam, a researchers can see that very few of them have not benefited from Imam 'Ali (a)'s words. | ||
=== Abd al-Hamid === | === 'Abd al-Hamid === | ||
Abd al-Hamid b. Yahya 'Amiri, murdered in 132/749-750, was the scribe of Marwan b. Muhammad, the last caliph of Marwan rule. They say that writing skill [in Arabic] begins with him. He says that, "I memorized 70 sermons of Aslah ("a person whose front hair is recessed" and he meant Imam 'Ali (a)) and they flew in my mind like springs one after another." | Abd al-Hamid b. Yahya al-'Amiri, murdered in 132/749-750, was the scribe of Marwan b. Muhammad, the last caliph of Marwan rule. They say that writing skill [in Arabic] begins with him. He says that, "I memorized 70 sermons of Aslah ("a person whose front hair is recessed" and he meant Imam 'Ali (a)) and they flew in my mind like springs one after another." | ||
=== Jahiz === | === Al-Jahiz === | ||
Abu 'Uthman Jahiz (d. 255/868-869) was considered the leader of Arabic literature and al-Mas'udi knows him as the most eloquent early authors. After he wrote the phrase "Qimat-u Kull-u mri'in ma yuhsinuh" [the price of everything is what knows it well", he said, | Abu 'Uthman al-Jahiz (d. 255/868-869) was considered the leader of Arabic literature and al-Mas'udi knows him as the most eloquent early authors. After he wrote the phrase "Qimat-u Kull-u mri'in ma yuhsinuh" [the price of everything is what knows it well", he said, | ||
:"If we had nothing from this book (he seems to refer to ''al-Bayan wa al-tabyin'') except this sentence; we would found it a cure, enough and fulfilling the needs. We would even find it more than enough and reaching the ultimate and the best to say is that it makes the little you have needless of a lot and its apparent meaning is what was said." | :"If we had nothing from this book (he seems to refer to ''al-Bayan wa al-tabyin'') except this sentence; we would found it a cure, enough and fulfilling the needs. We would even find it more than enough and reaching the ultimate and the best to say is that it makes the little you have needless of a lot and its apparent meaning is what was said." | ||
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=== Ibn Nubata === | === Ibn Nubata === | ||
Ibn Nubata Abd al-Rahim b. Muhammad b. Isma'il (d. 374/984-985) was a famous Arab speaker and man of literature. He was appointed as speaker in [[Aleppo]] at the time of Sayf al-Dawla and says, | Ibn Nubata 'Abd al-Rahim b. Muhammad b. Isma'il (d. 374/984-985) was a famous Arab speaker and man of literature. He was appointed as speaker in [[Aleppo]] at the time of Sayf al-Dawla and says, | ||
:"I memorized a treasure of speeches, from which whatever I use, they are not decreased, and rather increase and most of what I memorized is a hundred chapters of 'Ali b. Abi Talib's (a) counsels." | :"I memorized a treasure of speeches, from which whatever I use, they are not decreased, and rather increase and most of what I memorized is a hundred chapters of 'Ali b. Abi Talib's (a) counsels." | ||
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:"He (a) was the leader of eloquent ones and the master of rhetors and about his speech, they say, 'lower than the Creator's words and above the creatures' words.' People learned [the art of] speaking and writing from him." | :"He (a) was the leader of eloquent ones and the master of rhetors and about his speech, they say, 'lower than the Creator's words and above the creatures' words.' People learned [the art of] speaking and writing from him." | ||
== | ==References== | ||
* The material for this article is mainly take from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/نهج_البلاغه نهج البلاغه] in Farsi Wikishia. | * The material for this article is mainly take from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/نهج_البلاغه نهج البلاغه] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
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[[id:Nahjul Balaghah]] | [[id:Nahjul Balaghah]] | ||
[[Category:Nahj al-balagha]] | [[Category:Nahj al-balagha]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hadith literature]] | ||