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Battle of Khandaq: Difference between revisions
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== Treachery of Banu Qurayza == | == Treachery of Banu Qurayza == | ||
{{Main|Banu Qurayza}} | |||
The most difficult time for Muslims was when it was known that [[Banu Qurayza]] tribe, who had promised to be impartial in case of war, violated the contract and leaned towards the [[polytheist]]s. | The most difficult time for Muslims was when it was known that [[Banu Qurayza]] tribe, who had promised to be impartial in case of war, violated the contract and leaned towards the [[polytheist]]s. | ||
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== Danger of Banu Qurayza == | == Danger of Banu Qurayza == | ||
When the danger of | When the danger of Banu Qurayza's night attack to the center of Medina intensified, the Prophet (s) made two groups of the [[companion]]s responsible for guarding Muslim's houses. Since Muslims' anxiety was more about Banu Qurayza attack to women and children rather than about Quraysh attacks to themselves, they recited [[takbir]] until morning. | ||
Once at night, two groups of Muslims encountered each other, shooting one another unintentionally. Afterwards, they applied a secret slogan to avoid similar plausible incidents. The slogan was: Ha Mim, la yunsarun (means the enemy will not conquer). | |||
== 'Ali's Battle with 'Amr b. 'Abd Wudd == | == 'Ali's Battle with 'Amr b. 'Abd Wudd == | ||
During the war, 'Amr b. 'Abd Wudd, a luminary prominent for his great valor, considered as equal as a thousand warriors in terms of being warlike and courageous, proceeded the narrow part of the trench along with some warriors. But they were impeded by [['Ali (a)]] and some other Muslims. Having been injured in the [[Battle of Badr]], thus being deprived of participating in the [[Battle of Uhud]], 'Amr was fresh enough to throw down the challenge and call for an opponent. Even though 'Ali (a) volunteered to fight with him, the [[Prophet (s)]] did not allow him, hoping that someone else would stand against him. No one became volunteer owing to their fear. As this condition lasted for quite a long time, 'Amr announced proudly that he got a sore throat because of calling constantly for a rival | During the war, [['Amr b. 'Abd Wudd]], a luminary prominent for his great valor, considered as equal as a thousand warriors in terms of being warlike and courageous, proceeded the narrow part of the trench along with some warriors. But they were impeded by [['Ali (a)]] and some other Muslims. Having been injured in the [[Battle of Badr]], thus being deprived of participating in the [[Battle of Uhud]], 'Amr was fresh enough to throw down the challenge and call for an opponent. | ||
Even though [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] volunteered to fight with him, the [[Prophet (s)]] did not allow him, hoping that someone else would stand against him. No one became volunteer owing to their fear. As this condition lasted for quite a long time, 'Amr announced proudly that he got a sore throat because of calling constantly for a rival! | |||
Ultimately, Imam 'Ali (a) got ready to begin the combat with the Prophet's (s) permission. The Prophet (s) put his 'imama (turban) on 'Ali's (a) head, gave his sword to him and sent him to the battle. Ali (a) proceeded and told 'Amr either to become Muslim or to call off the combat. 'Amr refused both suggestions, therefore a very difficult battle took place. 'Ali (a) warded Amr's stroke off by his shield, then took his life by a strong stroke, resulting in all his companion's escape. 'Ali (a) recited [[takbir]] right after his victory over 'Amr, then killed Nawfal b. 'Abd Allah, who was running away and was trapped while passing the trench. | |||
=== Prophet's Hadiths about | === Prophet's Hadiths about Ali's Superiority === | ||
Ali's (a) action of killing 'Amr b. 'Abd Wudd helped Islam army significantly to be victorious over the [[polytheist]]s. About it, the Prophet (s) said: | |||
:'''"Ali's stroke was superior to any jinn's or human's (thaqalayn) worship."''' | |||
In another hadith, he averred: | |||
:'''" Ali's combat with 'Amr is superior to all my followers' good deeds until the Day of Judgment". ''' | |||
And also, while Ali (a) and 'Amr were fighting, the Prophet (s) stated: | |||
:'''"The whole Islam (or iman) has confronted the whole [[kufr]] (or shirk).''' | |||
== Muslim's Victory == | == Muslim's Victory == | ||
Aside from Ali's combat with [['Amr b. 'Abd Wudd]], which resulted in enemy's defeat and escape, historians have referred to three other factors assisting Muslims in Battle of Khandaq. | Aside from Ali's (a) combat with [['Amr b. 'Abd Wudd]], which resulted in enemy's defeat and escape, historians have referred to three other factors assisting Muslims in Battle of Khandaq. | ||
* The important role of a person by the name of [[Nu'aym b. Mas'ud al-'Ashja'i]], a member of Ghatafan tribe who became Muslim secretly and none of the [[polytheist]]s knew about it. | |||
Nu'aym met the Prophet (s) covertly. He told Nu'aym to undermine the enemy and to arise disputes among them. Nu'aym asked the Prophet (s) for the permission to say whatever he wants to achieve this goal. The Prophet (s) allowed him and said, "war is deceit". Nu'aym b. Mas'ud met [[Banu Qurayza]], whom he already had intercourse with. He recommended that they had better ask [[Quraysh]] and Ghatafan for hostages, on account that they had no worry about their houses being accessible, thus they could easily leave Banu Qurayza alone. Then, he visited Quraysh and Ghatafan and informed them about Banu Qurayza's regret and disloyalty. He told them Banu Qurayza had decided to take a hostage from them and give the hostages up to Muhammad (s), and then establish peace between themselves and Muslims. He recommended that they not give any hostages to Banu Qurayza. Consequently, disputes arose among them. | |||
* As [[al-Waqidi]] narrates, when the polytheists' army arrived in [[Medina]], there was no cultivation left, and people had already harvested their plantations a month before. As a result, the remaining fodder on the ground was not adequate for Quraysh and Ghatafan horses. Camels were about to die due to starvation and Medina ground was totally dry because of no rain. | |||
* [[Ibn Sa'd]] has told about the Prophet's (s) [[Du'a|prayer]], its fulfillment, and divine assistance. The Prophet (s) prayed in a place later named as [[al-Ahzab Mosque]], on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday: "O God! Make the confederates defeated and run-away". Finally, his supplication was fulfilled on Wednesday between his Noon and Afternoon prayer. At a cold winter night, a terrible storm destroyed their belongings. [[Qur'an]] has mentioned this divine help.{{enote|O you who have faith! Remember Allah's blessing upon you when the hosts came at you, and We sent against them a gale and hosts whom you did not see. And Allah sees best what you do. (Qur'an 33:9)}} | |||
* [[Ibn Sa'd]] has told about the Prophet's (s) prayer, its fulfillment, and divine assistance. The | |||
=== Consequences === | === Consequences === | ||
Polytheists' defeat and withdrawal in the Battle of Khandaq paralyzed them in a way that it was impossible for them to rearrange their army and devise another scheme for a fight. Moreover, it built up the newly-established Islamic government of Medina. After the death of 'Amr b. 'Abd Wudd by | Polytheists' defeat and withdrawal in the Battle of Khandaq paralyzed them in a way that it was impossible for them to rearrange their army and devise another scheme for a fight. Moreover, it built up the newly-established Islamic government of Medina. After the death of 'Amr b. 'Abd Wudd by Ali (a) or after the polytheists' defeat which occurred two or three days after Amr's death, the Prophet of Islam (s) said: "We will make war against them afterwards, and they will not go to war with us". The same as what the Prophet (s) said happened until God released [[Mecca]] by his Prophet (s). | ||
== Statistics == | == Statistics == | ||
The blockade of Muslims kept on for | The blockade of Muslims kept on for fifteen days. Except for the siege and shooting, no fighting took place during this period. The Prophet (s) had selected Ibn Maktum as his stand-in in Medina. | ||
Muslims had | Muslims had six martyrs during this war, and eight people of polytheists were killed. The [[Quran 2]]:214 {{enote|Do you suppose that you shall enter paradise though there has not yet come to you the like of [what befell] those who went before you? Stress and distress befell them and they were convulsed until the apostle and the faithful who were with him said, ‘When will Allah’s help [come]?’ Look! Allah’s help is indeed near!}}, [[Qur'an 4]]:51-55, [[Qur'an 33]]:9-25 point to Battle of Khandaq. | ||
== Constructions of Some Mosques at War Place == | == Constructions of Some Mosques at War Place == | ||
On Mount Dhubab (well-known as Jabal al-Raya), about 1400 meters away from the Northwest of [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and 150 meters far from the North of Mount Sal', there is a mosque which recently was renewed and repaired, so-called as Masjid al-Raya. It is the area where the [[Prophet (s)]] supervised digging the trench from, had put up his tent and said prayers. | On Mount Dhubab (well-known as Jabal al-Raya), about 1400 meters away from the Northwest of [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and 150 meters far from the North of Mount Sal', there is a mosque which recently was renewed and repaired, so-called as Masjid al-Raya. It is the area where the [[Prophet (s)]] supervised digging the trench from, had put up his tent and said prayers. | ||
Other mosques by the names of [[Masjid al-Fath]] (also known as Masjid al-Ahzab or Masjid al-A'la) were built on Mount Sal' around | Other mosques by the names of [[Masjid al-Fath]] (also known as Masjid al-Ahzab or Masjid al-A'la) were built on Mount Sal' around seven hundred meters away al-Masjid al-Nabawi, where the Prophet's (s) tent had been put up, a place in which he said prayers, monitored everything, and received God's blessing promise of victory over the polytheists.{{enote|Certainly Allah has fulfilled His Apostle’s vision in all truth: You will surely enter the Sacred Mosque, God willing, in safety and without any fear, with your heads shaven or hair cropped. So He knew what you did not know, and He assigned [you] besides that a victory near at hand. Qur'an 48:27}} This mosque along with some other mosques on the foot of Mount Sal' are famous as Masajid al-Fath or [[al-Masajid al-Sab'a]] (the seven mosques). In 1424/2003-2004, a very large mosque named Masjid al-Khandaq was constructed, having some of the seven mosques inside. | ||
[[Mosque of Fatima al-Zahra (a) (Medina)|Mosque of Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] is one of the seven mosques. Unfortunately, it has been shut off by some cement blocks for a long time. | [[Mosque of Fatima al-Zahra (a) (Medina)|Mosque of Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] is one of the seven mosques. Unfortunately, it has been shut off by some cement blocks for a long time. | ||