Anonymous user
Salman al-Farsi: Difference between revisions
partial review
imported>Nabavi No edit summary |
imported>Nazarzadeh (partial review) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox sahaba | {{Infobox sahaba | ||
| name = <!--default is the page name--> | | name = <!--default is the page name--> | ||
| image = مقبره سلمان فارسی.jpg | | image = مقبره سلمان فارسی.jpg | ||
| image size = | | image size = | ||
| caption = Salman al-Farsi's tomb in [[al- | | caption = Salman al-Farsi's tomb in [[al-Madain]], south of [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]] | ||
| Kunya = Abu 'Abd Allah | | Kunya = Abu 'Abd Allah | ||
|Epithet = al-Farsi, al-Muhammadi | |Epithet = al-Farsi, al-Muhammadi | ||
| Line 25: | Line 12: | ||
| Place of Birth = | | Place of Birth = | ||
| Muhajir/Ansar = | | Muhajir/Ansar = | ||
| Place of Residence = [[Isfahan]], [[Syria]], [[Medina]], [[Al- | | Place of Residence = [[Isfahan]], [[Syria]], [[Medina]], [[Al-Madain]] | ||
|Death/Martyrdom = [[36]]/656-7 | |Death/Martyrdom = [[36]]/656-7 | ||
|Cause of death/martyrdom = | |Cause of death/martyrdom = | ||
|Burial place = [[Al- | |Burial place = [[Al-Madain]], [[Iraq]] | ||
|Conversion to Islam = [[Jumada I]], [[1]]/November, 622 | |Conversion to Islam = [[Jumada I]], [[1]]/November, 622 | ||
|Cause of conversion to Islam = | |Cause of conversion to Islam = | ||
| Line 35: | Line 22: | ||
|Known for = | |Known for = | ||
|Notable roles = | |Notable roles = | ||
|Other activities = Defensive plan of digging a trench around [[Medina]] in the [[Battle of Khandaq]], Opposing the [[Event of Saqifa]], Governor of al- | |Other activities = Defensive plan of digging a trench around [[Medina]] in the [[Battle of Khandaq]], Opposing the [[Event of Saqifa]], Governor of al-Madain in the time of the [[Second Caliph]] | ||
|Works = | |Works = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Salmān al-Fārsī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|سلمان الفارسي}}) was a [[Sahaba|companion of the Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and of Imam Ali (a). | '''Salmān al-Fārsī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|سلمان الفارسي}}) was a [[Sahaba|companion of the Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and [[Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)|of Imam Ali (a)]]. The Prophet (s) liked him and said about him, "Salman is one of us, the Ahl al-Bayt". His idea of digging a trench in the [[Battle of Khandaq]] brought victory to Muslims. He supported the successorship of Ali (a) after the demise of the Prophet (s) and opposed the [[incident of Saqifa]]. He was assigned as the governor of [[al-Madain]] in the time of the caliphate of [[Umar]]. He gave his salary to charity and knitted baskets for his living. After a long life, Salman passed away in [[36]]/656-7 in al-Madain, where he is buried in a shrine known as "Salman-i Pak". | ||
Salman was | Salman was a Zoroastrian Iranian whose original name was Ruzbih. He converted to [[Christianity]] in his youth. After hearing the oracle of the arrival of a prophet in the land of Arabs, he set off toward [[Hijaz]]. He was enslaved midway and sold to a man from [[Banu Qurayda]] in [[Medina]]. He entered Medina when the Prophet Muhammad (s) had recently emigrated to the city. Salman met the Prophet (s) and after confirming the signs of prophethood converted to Islam. The Prophet (s) bought and freed him and named him "Salman". | ||
Salman | ==Before Conversion to Islam== | ||
{{zoom|image=Salman's Journey (2).jpg|caption=The route of Salman's journeys. (Hover the mouse pointer over the map for enlargement)|thumbnail width=300px}} | |||
Salman's original name was Ruzbih and his father's name has been mentioned as Khushfudan and, based on a report, as Budhakhshan.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 171.</ref> According to traditions, after his conversion to Islam, he was given the name Salman by the Holy Prophet (s). His [[kunya]] was Abu 'Abd Allah. He was born either in Jay district of [[Isfahan]]<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 56; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 485.</ref> or, based on some reports, in Ramhurmuz<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 171; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 56.</ref>. | |||
Salman's original name was | |||
His father was an Iranian farmer. Reports about his pre-Islamic life is mixed with tale-telling. What has been emphasized in these traditions is his inquisitive mindset that inspired him to embark on a long journey in search of a better religion. According to these reports, Salman was a Zoroastrian in childhood until he became familiar with and converted to Christianity. He moved to Syria to study under leading Christian scholars. Based on reports, Salman's father loved him so much that he would confine him in the house. Therefore, his journey to Syria was deemed as a kind of escape. In Syria, he served in the churches and traveled to Mosul, Nusaybin and 'Amuriyya.<ref>Ibn Ḥishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 214-218; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 57-58. </ref> | His father was an Iranian farmer. Reports about his pre-Islamic life is mixed with tale-telling. What has been emphasized in these traditions is his inquisitive mindset that inspired him to embark on a long journey in search of a better religion. According to these reports, Salman was a Zoroastrian in childhood until he became familiar with and converted to Christianity. He moved to Syria to study under leading Christian scholars. Based on reports, Salman's father loved him so much that he would confine him in the house. Therefore, his journey to Syria was deemed as a kind of escape. In Syria, he served in the churches and traveled to Mosul, Nusaybin and 'Amuriyya.<ref>Ibn Ḥishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 214-218; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 57-58. </ref> | ||
| Line 92: | Line 76: | ||
According to some sources in the [[Battle of Tai'f]] he proposed using catapult, and the Prophet (s) ordered it to be used.<ref>Ḥalabī, ''al-Sīra al-ḥalabīyya'', vol. 3, p. 167.</ref> | According to some sources in the [[Battle of Tai'f]] he proposed using catapult, and the Prophet (s) ordered it to be used.<ref>Ḥalabī, ''al-Sīra al-ḥalabīyya'', vol. 3, p. 167.</ref> | ||
'Umar b. al-Khattab assigned Salman and [[Hudhayfa]] as the leaders of the Muslim army in the [[Conquest of Iran]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 41.</ref> In the conquest of al- | 'Umar b. al-Khattab assigned Salman and [[Hudhayfa]] as the leaders of the Muslim army in the [[Conquest of Iran]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 41.</ref> In the conquest of al-Madain he was the negotiator of the Muslims with the commanders of the Iranian forces. | ||
===Disagreement with the Event of Saqifa=== | ===Disagreement with the Event of Saqifa=== | ||
| Line 108: | Line 92: | ||
Salman disagreed with the [[Event of Saqifa]]. [[Miqdad]], Salman, [[Aba Dharr]], [['Ubada b. Samit]], [[Abu l-Haytham b. al-Tayhan]], [[Hudhayfa]], and [[Ammar b. Yasir]] gathered around at the night after the Event of Saqifa to decide on [[Caliphate]] in the community of [[Muhajirun]].<ref>See: Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 219-220.</ref> Salman and [['Ubay b. Ka'b]] had numerous reasons to disagree with the Event of Saqifa.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''Salmān Fārsī'', p. 35.</ref> The famous sentence of Salman on those [[sahaba]] of Prophet (s) who took an oath of [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]] was: "You did and you did not"<ref>See: Nūrī, ''Nafas al-raḥmān fī faḍāʾil Salmān'', p. 148.</ref> Which means you chose a Caliph, but refused to accept the Prophet Muhammad's order. He said in the day, you chose an elder man, but you left the family of Prophet Muhammad (s) alone; if you had chosen a member of [[Ahl al-Bayt]], there would not be any conflict. And also you would have enjoyed its blessings.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAbd Allāh b. Sabaʾ'', vol. 1, p. 145.</ref> | Salman disagreed with the [[Event of Saqifa]]. [[Miqdad]], Salman, [[Aba Dharr]], [['Ubada b. Samit]], [[Abu l-Haytham b. al-Tayhan]], [[Hudhayfa]], and [[Ammar b. Yasir]] gathered around at the night after the Event of Saqifa to decide on [[Caliphate]] in the community of [[Muhajirun]].<ref>See: Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 219-220.</ref> Salman and [['Ubay b. Ka'b]] had numerous reasons to disagree with the Event of Saqifa.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''Salmān Fārsī'', p. 35.</ref> The famous sentence of Salman on those [[sahaba]] of Prophet (s) who took an oath of [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]] was: "You did and you did not"<ref>See: Nūrī, ''Nafas al-raḥmān fī faḍāʾil Salmān'', p. 148.</ref> Which means you chose a Caliph, but refused to accept the Prophet Muhammad's order. He said in the day, you chose an elder man, but you left the family of Prophet Muhammad (s) alone; if you had chosen a member of [[Ahl al-Bayt]], there would not be any conflict. And also you would have enjoyed its blessings.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAbd Allāh b. Sabaʾ'', vol. 1, p. 145.</ref> | ||
===Governor of al- | ===Governor of al-Madain=== | ||
Salman al-Farsi became the governor of [[al- | Salman al-Farsi became the governor of [[al-Madain]] in the time of [['Umar b. al-Khattab]]. Salman had asked for permission of [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and then he accepted it. He was the governor of al-Madain until he passed away.<ref>Madanī, ''al-Darajāt al-rafīʿa fī ṭabaqāt al-Shīʿa'', p. 215.</ref> Salman dedicated the money he received as the governor to charity.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 219-220.</ref> Thus he covered his expenses by means of knitting baskets. | ||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
| Line 127: | Line 111: | ||
:While taking a provision (with you) is the most dreadful deed, if you are going to the Munificent | :While taking a provision (with you) is the most dreadful deed, if you are going to the Munificent | ||
After Salman had passed away, [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] travelled to [[al- | After Salman had passed away, [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] travelled to [[al-Madain]] to bathe and enshroud his body, and then he performed [[funeral prayer]] on his body, before burying him in a grave. Imam 'Ali (a) returned to [[Medina]] that night.<ref>See: Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 22, p. 380.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 151: | Line 135: | ||
* Ṣādiqī Ardistānī, Aḥmad. ''Salmān Farsī ustāndār-i Madāʾin''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt Islāmī Qom, 1376 Sh. | * Ṣādiqī Ardistānī, Aḥmad. ''Salmān Farsī ustāndār-i Madāʾin''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt Islāmī Qom, 1376 Sh. | ||
* Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Beirut: Rawāyiʿ al-turāth al-ʿarabī, n.d. | * Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Beirut: Rawāyiʿ al-turāth al-ʿarabī, n.d. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{ | {{Sahaba}} | ||
{{Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | {{Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | ||
[[fa:سلمان فارسی]] | [[fa:سلمان فارسی]] | ||
[[ar:سلمان الفارسي]] | [[ar:سلمان الفارسي]] | ||
| Line 167: | Line 148: | ||
[[id:Salman al-Farisi]] | [[id:Salman al-Farisi]] | ||
[[de:Salmān al-Fārsī]] | [[de:Salmān al-Fārsī]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | |||
| priority = a | |||
| quality = b | |||
| links = done | |||
| photo = done | |||
| categories =done | |||
| infobox =done | |||
| navbox =done | |||
| redirects=done | |||
| references =done | |||
| good article = | |||
}}</onlyinclude> | |||
[[Category:Sahaba]] | [[Category:Sahaba]] | ||