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'''''Ghurar al-hikam wa durar al-kalim''''' (Arabic: ''غُرَرُ الحِکَم و دُرَرُ الکَلِم'') is a collection of short quotations from [[Imam Ali (a)]] by [[Abu l-fath Amidi]] a scholar of 5/11 century. The sayings are ordered in alphabetical order. | '''''Ghurar al-hikam wa durar al-kalim''''' (Arabic: ''غُرَرُ الحِکَم و دُرَرُ الکَلِم'') is a collection of short quotations from [[Imam Ali (a)]] by [[Abu l-fath Amidi]] a scholar of 5/11 century. The sayings are ordered in alphabetical order. | ||
== Author == | == Author == | ||
The author of this book is Judge Nasih al-Din Abu l-fath 'Abd al-Wahid b. Muhammad b. [['Abd al-Wahid Amidi|'Abd al-Wahid Tamimi Amidi]] (d. 510/1116).<ref>Al-Dhari'ah ila tasanif al-Shi'ah, vol. 16, p. 38.</ref> He was a judge from Amid (now [[Diyarbakır]], Turkey).<ref>Mustadrakat a'yan al-Shi'ah, vol. 6, p. 326.</ref> There is not much available information about his life. He wrote another book called ''Jawahir al-kalam fi al-hukm wa al-ahkam min qissat sayyid al-anam''.<ref>Riyad al-'ulama, vol. 3, p. 284.</ref> | The author of this book is Judge Nasih al-Din Abu l-fath 'Abd al-Wahid b. Muhammad b. [['Abd al-Wahid Amidi|'Abd al-Wahid Tamimi Amidi]] (d. 510/1116).<ref>Al-Dhari'ah ila tasanif al-Shi'ah, vol. 16, p. 38.</ref> He was a judge from Amid (now [[Diyarbakır]], Turkey).<ref>Mustadrakat a'yan al-Shi'ah, vol. 6, p. 326.</ref> There is not much available information about his life. He wrote another book called ''Jawahir al-kalam fi al-hukm wa al-ahkam min qissat sayyid al-anam''.<ref>Riyad al-'ulama, vol. 3, p. 284.</ref> | ||
=== | === Author's Religion === | ||
Some have considered him non- | Some have considered him non-Shi'a due to author's introduction, where he has praised Ali (a) with the title “KarramAllah-u Wajh-ah” (meaning “May Allah honors his name”). But, [[Mirza Abdullah Afandi]]<ref>Riyad al-'ulama, vol. 3, p. 281.</ref>, [[Ibn Shahr Ashub]]<ref>Ma'alim al-'ulama, p. 81.</ref> and [[Muhammad Baqir al-Majhlisi|Allamah Majhlisi]]<ref>Bihar al-anwar, vol. 1, p. 34.</ref> regarded him Shi'a. | ||
Mirza Abdullah Afandi considered that mentioned title for Ali (a) a case of [[Taqiyya|''taqiyya'']] or modification of the scribes and copyists.<ref>Riyad al-'ulama, vol. 3, p. 281.</ref> [[Muhaddith Nuri]] brings some reasons and proves that he was a | Mirza Abdullah Afandi considered that mentioned title for Ali (a) a case of [[Taqiyya|''taqiyya'']] or modification of the scribes and copyists.<ref>Riyad al-'ulama, vol. 3, p. 281.</ref> [[Muhaddith Nuri]] brings some reasons and proves that he was a Shi'a.<ref>Khatimat al-mustadrak, vol. 3, pp. 91 - 96.</ref> | ||
== Content and Structure == | == Content and Structure == | ||
The book has 10760 short hadiths from Imam Ali (a) which the author has collected from books such as [[Nahj al-Balaghah|''Nahj al-Balaghah'']], [[Jahiz]] | The book has 10760 short hadiths from Imam Ali (a) which the author has collected from books such as [[Nahj al-Balaghah|''Nahj al-Balaghah'']], [[Jahiz]]'s ''Mi'at Kalimah'', [[Tuhaf al-'uqul (book)|''Tuhaf al-'Uqul'']] and ''Dastur ma'alim al-Hikam''. He sorted the hadiths alphabetically according to the first letter of the first word of the hadiths in 91 chapters. | ||
The hadiths in Ghurar al-hikam are brought without references.<ref>Ghurar al-hikam, Introduction.</ref> The author wrote in his introduction to the book that he has omitted the references and thus, his hadiths cannot be referred to.<ref>Anwar al-fiqahah, Kitab al-Bay' (Chapter on Dealing), p. 465.</ref> | The hadiths in Ghurar al-hikam are brought without references.<ref>Ghurar al-hikam, Introduction.</ref> The author wrote in his introduction to the book that he has omitted the references and thus, his hadiths cannot be referred to.<ref>Anwar al-fiqahah, Kitab al-Bay' (Chapter on Dealing), p. 465.</ref> | ||
== Goal of Writing == | == Goal of Writing == | ||
At the beginning of the book, the author says that he saw | At the beginning of the book, the author says that he saw Jahiz's Mi'at Kalimah, he decides to write this book. The author also criticizes Jahiz for the few hadiths he had collected and then says: | ||
“Being so busy-minded and low in the levels of the people of perfection and while I know myself so weak in achieving what top scholars have sought and that I admit being not worthy to associate with them, still I have tried to collect the words of his eminence (a) as much as I could.”<ref>Ghurar al-hikam, introduction.</ref> | “Being so busy-minded and low in the levels of the people of perfection and while I know myself so weak in achieving what top scholars have sought and that I admit being not worthy to associate with them, still I have tried to collect the words of his eminence (a) as much as I could.”<ref>Ghurar al-hikam, introduction.</ref> | ||
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== Typescripts == | == Typescripts == | ||
# Typescript in India printed in 1280 AH. | # Typescript in India printed in 1280 AH. | ||
# Typescript printed in 1349 AH in | # Typescript printed in 1349 AH in Matba'at al-Irfan in Saida, Lebanon. | ||
== Commentaries == | == Commentaries == | ||
The only available commentary is Agha Jamal | The only available commentary is Agha Jamal Khansari's commentary which was written in response to the request of Shah Sultan Husayn Safavi. This commentary explains the concepts and words in hadiths in addition to many points in theology, literature, ethics, interpretation of the Qur'an, fiqh, philosophy, etc. | ||
== Supplements == | == Supplements == | ||
# '' | # '''Uyun al-hikam wa al-mawa'iz wa dhakhirat al-muta'iz wa al-mawa'iz'': written by Kafi al-Din Abu l-Hassan Ali b. Muhammad b. Abi Nazal Laythi Wasiti, known as Ibn Sharafiyyah, one of the scholars in the sixth century AH. | ||
# ''Al-Jawahir al- | # ''Al-Jawahir al-'illiyyah fi al-kalimat al-'alawiyyah'': written by Ali Baghdadi. This book is sorted alphabetically. | ||
# ''Al-hikam min kalam al-Imam Amir al- | # ''Al-hikam min kalam al-Imam Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (a)'': This book is written by the group of hadith studies in the [[Islamic Research Foundation of the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza (a)]] under supervision of Kazim Mudir Shanehchi. | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
* Afandi, Mirza Abdullah, ''Riyad al- | * Afandi, Mirza Abdullah, ''Riyad al-'Ulama wa Hyad al-Fudala'', Matba'at al-Khayyam, Qom, 1401 AH. | ||
* Amin, Sayyid Hasan, ''Mustadrakat | * Amin, Sayyid Hasan, ''Mustadrakat a'yan al-Shi'ah, Dar al-Ta'aruf li l-Matbu'at'', Beirut, 1408 AH. | ||
* Amin, Sayyid Muhsin, '' | * Amin, Sayyid Muhsin, ''A'yan al-Shi'ah'', Dar al-Ta'aruf li l-Matbu'at, Beirut, 1406 AH. | ||
* Tehrani, Agha Buzurg, ''Al- | * Tehrani, Agha Buzurg, ''Al-Dhari'ah ila tasanif al-Shi'ah'', Isma'iliyan, Qom, 1408 AH. | ||
* Mazandarani, Ibn Shahr Ashub, Rashid al-Din Muhammad b. Ali, '' | * Mazandarani, Ibn Shahr Ashub, Rashid al-Din Muhammad b. Ali, ''Ma'alim al-'Ulama'', Manshurat al-matba'at al-Haydariyyah, Najaf, 1380 AH. | ||
* Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, ''Bihar al-anwar'', | * Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Mu'assisat al-Wafa', Beirut, 1403 AH. | ||
* Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, ''Anwar al-fiqahah (Kitab al- | * Makarim Shirazi, Nasir, ''Anwar al-fiqahah (Kitab al-Bay')'', Madrasat al-Imam Ali b. Abi Talib (a) Publication, Qom, 1425 AH. | ||
* Nuri, Muhaddith, Mirza Husayn, ''Khatimah al-mustadrak'', | * Nuri, Muhaddith, Mirza Husayn, ''Khatimah al-mustadrak'', Mu'assisat Al al-Bayt (a),1417 AH. | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||