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Friday Prayer: Difference between revisions
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====Individual duty==== | ====Individual duty==== | ||
Although in many of the early Shi'a sources of [[fiqh]] it is emphasized that the Friday prayer is obligatory, it's not clearly stated that only the infallible imam or his representative can hold the Friday prayer.<ref>e.g. al-Klayni, ''al- Kafi'', vol. 3, p. 418-419; al-Shaykh al-Saduq, ''al-Amali'', p. 573</ref> Yet all of Shi'a faqihs counted the presence or permission of a righteous ruler<ref>al-Shaykh al- | Although in many of the early Shi'a sources of [[fiqh]] it is emphasized that the Friday prayer is obligatory, it's not clearly stated that only the infallible imam or his representative can hold the Friday prayer.<ref>e.g. al-Klayni, ''al- Kafi'', vol. 3, p. 418-419; al-Shaykh al-Saduq, ''al-Amali'', p. 573</ref> Yet all of Shi'a faqihs counted the presence or permission of a righteous ruler<ref>al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Muqni'a'', p, 676; al-Sayyid al-Murtada, ''Masa'il al-nasiriat'', p. 265; al-Shaykh aljumu'a-Tusi, ''al-Mabsut fi fiqh al-imamiyya'', vol. 1, p. 143</ref> or Imam,<ref>al-Sayyid al-Murtada, ''Rasa'il al-Sharif al-Murtada'', vol. 3, p. 41</ref> as one of the conditions of the Friday prayer. The righteousness of imam al-Jumu'a is only mentioned by Shi'a faqihs and Sunnis didn't mentioned it.<ref>Muhaqiq al-Hilli, ''al-Mu'tabar fi sharh al-Mukhtasar'', vol. 2, p. 279-280</ref> | ||
Although the opinion that the Friday prayer is an individual duty, have been discussed among faqihs after the major occultation, more or less;<ref>Rida Nizhad, ''Salat al-jumu'a'', vol. 29-65</ref> [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] proposed it seriously in the 10th century.<ref>al-Shahid al-Thani, ''Rasa'il'', p. 197</ref> Some faqihs, including his grandson, [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali al-'Amili]], known as "Sahib al-madarik", followed him.<ref>Musawi 'Amili, ''Madarik al-ahkam fi sharh shara'i' al-Islam'', vol. 4, p. 25</ref> This opinion became prevalent in [[Safawid]] era, especially because of the social and political background.<ref>Yazdi, ''al-Hujja fi wujub salat al-jumu'a'', p. 53-54</ref> According to this opinion, when the conditions of holding the Friday prayer is fulfilled, it is obligatory just like in the time of ruling of the infallible Imam, and it does not need the special or general assignment by him. Also, it's said that holding the Friday prayer is one of the tasks of faqihs in time of the occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj), just like the [[jurisprudence]] and [[judgment]]. Most of the advocates of the opinion were of the [[Akhbari]] school of thought, although some famous Usulis, like al-Shahid al-Thani, were of the supporters of the opinion.<ref>See: al-Shahid al-Thani, ''al-Rawdat al-bahiyya'', vol. 1, p. 299-301; Fayd Kashani, ''al-Shahab al-thaqib'', p. 47-102; Agha Buzurg, ''al-Dhari'a'', vol. 15, p. 63, 67, 73; Jabiri, ''Salat al-jumu'a'', p. 54-55</ref> | Although the opinion that the Friday prayer is an individual duty, have been discussed among faqihs after the major occultation, more or less;<ref>Rida Nizhad, ''Salat al-jumu'a'', vol. 29-65</ref> [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] proposed it seriously in the 10th century.<ref>al-Shahid al-Thani, ''Rasa'il'', p. 197</ref> Some faqihs, including his grandson, [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali al-'Amili]], known as "Sahib al-madarik", followed him.<ref>Musawi 'Amili, ''Madarik al-ahkam fi sharh shara'i' al-Islam'', vol. 4, p. 25</ref> This opinion became prevalent in [[Safawid]] era, especially because of the social and political background.<ref>Yazdi, ''al-Hujja fi wujub salat al-jumu'a'', p. 53-54</ref> According to this opinion, when the conditions of holding the Friday prayer is fulfilled, it is obligatory just like in the time of ruling of the infallible Imam, and it does not need the special or general assignment by him. Also, it's said that holding the Friday prayer is one of the tasks of faqihs in time of the occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj), just like the [[jurisprudence]] and [[judgment]]. Most of the advocates of the opinion were of the [[Akhbari]] school of thought, although some famous Usulis, like al-Shahid al-Thani, were of the supporters of the opinion.<ref>See: al-Shahid al-Thani, ''al-Rawdat al-bahiyya'', vol. 1, p. 299-301; Fayd Kashani, ''al-Shahab al-thaqib'', p. 47-102; Agha Buzurg, ''al-Dhari'a'', vol. 15, p. 63, 67, 73; Jabiri, ''Salat al-jumu'a'', p. 54-55</ref> | ||
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===Prayer with two rak'as=== | ===Prayer with two rak'as=== | ||
After the two sermons, the Friday prayer with two [[rak'a]]s is said. It is [[recommended]] to recite the [[sura al-Jumu'a]] in the first rak'a and [[sura al-Munafiqun]] in the second; or [[sura al-A'la]] in the first, and [[sura al-Qashiya]] in the second rak'a. Recitation of the suras aloud ([[jahr]]) is also recommended.<ref>al-Shaykh al- | After the two sermons, the Friday prayer with two [[rak'a]]s is said. It is [[recommended]] to recite the [[sura al-Jumu'a]] in the first rak'a and [[sura al-Munafiqun]] in the second; or [[sura al-A'la]] in the first, and [[sura al-Qashiya]] in the second rak'a. Recitation of the suras aloud ([[jahr]]) is also recommended.<ref>al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Muqni'a'', p. 141; Kasani, ''Bada'i' al-sana'i''', vol. 1, p. 269; Najafi, ''Jawahir al-kalam'', vol. 11, p. 133-134</ref> | ||
====Two qunuts==== | ====Two qunuts==== | ||