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Friday Prayer: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Friday Prayer in Tehran Iran.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The Friday Prayer in Tehran, Iran.]] | [[File:Friday Prayer in Tehran Iran.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The Friday Prayer in Tehran, Iran.]] | ||
[[File:Friday Prayer in Jerusalem.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|Friday prayer in [[Ramadan]]. [[The Dome of the Rock]] is seen in the background as Palestinians pray near Israeli police standing guard in the Arab east [[Jerusalem]] | [[File:Friday Prayer in Jerusalem.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|Friday prayer in [[Ramadan]]. [[The Dome of the Rock]] is seen in the background as Palestinians pray near Israeli police standing guard in the Arab east [[Jerusalem]] neighborhood of Ras al-Amud]] | ||
[[File:نماز جمعه هند-مسجد فاتح پور.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The Friday prayer in Fatihpur Mosque in [[India]]]] | [[File:نماز جمعه هند-مسجد فاتح پور.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The Friday prayer in Fatihpur Mosque in [[India]]]] | ||
The '''Friday prayer''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|صَلاة الجُمُعَة}}) is a [[Congregational Prayer|congregational prayer]] with two [[rak'a]]s, prayed in the Friday noon instead of the [[noon prayer]], there | The '''Friday prayer''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|صَلاة الجُمُعَة}}) is a [[Congregational Prayer|congregational prayer]] with two [[rak'a]]s, prayed in the Friday noon instead of the [[noon prayer]], there are two sermons said by [[imam al-jumu'a]] who also leads the prayer. Most of the Shi'a faqihs consider praying the Friday prayer, in the time of the [[Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj)|occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]], as an [[optionally incumbent duty]]. | ||
In [[Sura al-Jumu'a]], the importance of the Friday prayer is stated; also in [[hadith]] the Friday prayer is referred to as the "[[hajj]] of the poor" and leaving it causes the [[hypocrisy]] and difficulties in the one's life. | In [[Sura al-Jumu'a]], the importance of the Friday prayer is stated; also in [[hadith]] the Friday prayer is referred to as the "[[hajj]] of the poor" and leaving it causes the [[hypocrisy]] and difficulties in the one's life. | ||
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* Servants | * Servants | ||
* Who fear a bodily or financial loss by participating the Friday prayer | * Who fear a bodily or financial loss by participating the Friday prayer | ||
* Who has a distance more than 2 [[farsakh]]s (~10-11 Km) from the place of the Friday prayer.<ref>Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Muqni'a'', p, 164; al-Husayni al-'Amili, ''Miftah al- | * Who has a distance more than 2 [[farsakh]]s (~10-11 Km) from the place of the Friday prayer.<ref>Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Muqni'a'', p, 164; al-Husayni al-'Amili, ''Miftah al-karama'', vol. 8, p. 463-483; al-Zuhayli, ''al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh'', vol. 2, p. 265-268</ref> | ||
===In the Time of the Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (a)=== | ===In the Time of the Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (a)=== | ||
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====Optionally Incumbent Duty==== | ====Optionally Incumbent Duty==== | ||
Many faqihs of the middle and recent periods of [[Shi'a]] are supporters of the opinion that the Friday prayer is an [[optionally incumbent duty]]; including [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]],<ref>Al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli, ''Shara'i' al-Islam'', vol. 1, p. 76</ref> [[al-'Allama al-Hilli]],<ref>Al-'Allama al-Hilli, ''Mukhtalaf al-Shi'a'', vol. 2, p. 238-239</ref> [[Ibn Fahd al-Hilli]],<ref>Al-Hilli, ''al-Muhadhdhab al-Bari''', vol. 1, p. 414</ref> [[al-Shahid al-Awwal]],<ref>Al-Shahid al-Awwal, ''al-Durus al-shar'iyya'', vol. 1, p. 186</ref> [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki]].<ref>Al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, ''Rasa'il al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki'', vol. 1, p. 158-171</ref> Recognizing the Friday prayer as an optionally incumbent duty means that holdinyg it is recommended by itself, but when someone prays it, it is sufficient instead of the [[noon prayer]].<ref>Al-Naraqi, ''Mustanad al-Shi'a'', vol. 6, p. 59; ''Tawdih al-masa'il maraji' '', vol. 1, p. 871-872; al-'Allama al-Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha'', vol. 4, p. 27; al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, ''Rasa'il al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki'', vol. 1, p. 163; al-Husayni al-'Amili, ''Miftah al- | Many faqihs of the middle and recent periods of [[Shi'a]] are supporters of the opinion that the Friday prayer is an [[optionally incumbent duty]]; including [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]],<ref>Al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli, ''Shara'i' al-Islam'', vol. 1, p. 76</ref> [[al-'Allama al-Hilli]],<ref>Al-'Allama al-Hilli, ''Mukhtalaf al-Shi'a'', vol. 2, p. 238-239</ref> [[Ibn Fahd al-Hilli]],<ref>Al-Hilli, ''al-Muhadhdhab al-Bari''', vol. 1, p. 414</ref> [[al-Shahid al-Awwal]],<ref>Al-Shahid al-Awwal, ''al-Durus al-shar'iyya'', vol. 1, p. 186</ref> [[al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki]].<ref>Al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, ''Rasa'il al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki'', vol. 1, p. 158-171</ref> Recognizing the Friday prayer as an optionally incumbent duty means that holdinyg it is recommended by itself, but when someone prays it, it is sufficient instead of the [[noon prayer]].<ref>Al-Naraqi, ''Mustanad al-Shi'a'', vol. 6, p. 59; ''Tawdih al-masa'il maraji' '', vol. 1, p. 871-872; al-'Allama al-Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha'', vol. 4, p. 27; al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, ''Rasa'il al-Muhaqqiq al-Karaki'', vol. 1, p. 163; al-Husayni al-'Amili, ''Miftah al-karama'', vol. 8, p. 216</ref> | ||
There are reasons like the fact that companions of Imams and early faqihs, did not hold the Friday prayer.<ref>See: Muballighi, "'Anasur-i ta'thirgudhar dar wujub-i ta'ini-yi namaz-i jum'a dar rawish-i akhbarian", p. 211-216</ref> The opinion that the Friday prayer is an optional incumbent duty is more accepted among the recent faqihs after the 13th/19th century.<ref>Kashif al-Ghita, ''Kashf al-ghita 'an mubhamat al-shari'a al-gharra'', vol. 3, p. 248; al-Najafi, ''Jawahir al-kalam'', vol. 11, p. 151; Khomeini, ''Tahrir al-wasila'', vol. 1, p. 205; See: Danish Pazhuh, ''Fihrist'', vol. 14, p. 3604</ref> Generally among Usuli faqihs this opinion is more accepted, although some believe that it is [[Haram|forbidden]].<ref>Ja'farian, ''Namaz-i jum'a'', p. 37</ref> | There are reasons like the fact that companions of Imams and early faqihs, did not hold the Friday prayer.<ref>See: Muballighi, "'Anasur-i ta'thirgudhar dar wujub-i ta'ini-yi namaz-i jum'a dar rawish-i akhbarian", p. 211-216</ref> The opinion that the Friday prayer is an optional incumbent duty is more accepted among the recent faqihs after the 13th/19th century.<ref>Kashif al-Ghita, ''Kashf al-ghita 'an mubhamat al-shari'a al-gharra'', vol. 3, p. 248; al-Najafi, ''Jawahir al-kalam'', vol. 11, p. 151; Khomeini, ''Tahrir al-wasila'', vol. 1, p. 205; See: Danish Pazhuh, ''Fihrist'', vol. 14, p. 3604</ref> Generally among Usuli faqihs this opinion is more accepted, although some believe that it is [[Haram|forbidden]].<ref>Ja'farian, ''Namaz-i jum'a'', p. 37</ref> | ||
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===Minimum Distance between Two Friday Prayers=== | ===Minimum Distance between Two Friday Prayers=== | ||
Another condition for the Friday prayer, which Shi'a faqihs and most of other Islamic sects have mentioned, is that there must be a minimum distance between two Friday prayers, or there must not be two Friday prayers in one city. According to Shi'a faqihs at least the distance of one [[farsakh]] (~5 Km) must be between two Friday prayers, if the condition is not fulfilled, the latter Friday prayer is void.<ref>Al-Husayni al-'Amili, ''Miftah al- | Another condition for the Friday prayer, which Shi'a faqihs and most of other Islamic sects have mentioned, is that there must be a minimum distance between two Friday prayers, or there must not be two Friday prayers in one city. According to Shi'a faqihs at least the distance of one [[farsakh]] (~5 Km) must be between two Friday prayers, if the condition is not fulfilled, the latter Friday prayer is void.<ref>Al-Husayni al-'Amili, ''Miftah al-karama'', vol. 2, p. 130-135; al-Najafi, ''Jawahir al-kalam'', vol. 11, p. 245</ref> | ||
==Place== | ==Place== | ||
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*Hilli, Ibn Fahd al-. ''Al-Muhadhdhab al-Bari' fi sharh al-mukhtasar al-nafi''', Qom: Mujtaba 'Araqi, 1407-1413AH. | *Hilli, Ibn Fahd al-. ''Al-Muhadhdhab al-Bari' fi sharh al-mukhtasar al-nafi''', Qom: Mujtaba 'Araqi, 1407-1413AH. | ||
*Hilli, Ibn Idris al-. ''Al-Sara'ir al-hawi l-tahrir al-fatawa''. Qom: 1410-1411AH. | *Hilli, Ibn Idris al-. ''Al-Sara'ir al-hawi l-tahrir al-fatawa''. Qom: 1410-1411AH. | ||
*Husayni al-'Amili, Mhammad Jawad b. Muhammad al-. ''Miftah al- | *Husayni al-'Amili, Mhammad Jawad b. Muhammad al-. ''Miftah al-karama fi sharh qawa'id al-'allama''. Qom: Mu'asissa Al al-Bayt. | ||
*Ibn 'Asakir. ''Tarikh madinat Dimashq''. Beirut: 'Ali Shiri, 1415-1421AH. | *Ibn 'Asakir. ''Tarikh madinat Dimashq''. Beirut: 'Ali Shiri, 1415-1421AH. | ||
*Ibn al-Athir. ''Al-Kamil fi l-tarikh''. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1965-1966. | *Ibn al-Athir. ''Al-Kamil fi l-tarikh''. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1965-1966. | ||
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[[tr:Cuma Namazı]] | [[tr:Cuma Namazı]] | ||
[[id:Salat Jum'at]] | [[id:Salat Jum'at]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | |||
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| good article =November 18, 2016 | |||
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[[Category:Fiqh]] | [[Category:Fiqh]] | ||
[[Category:Islamic rituals]] | [[Category:Islamic rituals]] | ||
[[Category:Supererogatory prayers]] | [[Category:Supererogatory prayers]] | ||