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Imam al-Husayn b. Ali (a): Difference between revisions
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|sequential number = 3rd [[imamate|Imam]] of the Shia<!--e.g. 1st Imam of Shi'a--> | |sequential number = 3rd [[imamate|Imam]] of the Shia<!--e.g. 1st Imam of Shi'a--> | ||
|main title = al-Shahid | |main title = al-Shahid | ||
|image = | |image = ضریح امام حسین5.jpg | ||
|caption = [[Darih]] of Imam al-Husayn (a) | |caption = [[Darih]] of Imam al-Husayn (a) | ||
|kunya = Abu 'Abd Allah | |kunya = Abu 'Abd Allah | ||
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There are few reports about his life in the three decades after the demise of the Prophet (s). During the caliphate of Imam 'Ali (a), he accompanied his father and fought alongside him in the battles of [[Battle of Siffin|Siffin]], [[Battle of Jamal|Jamal]], and [[Battle of Nahrawan|Nahrawan]]. After the martyrdom of Imam 'Ali (a), he followed and supported [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]. Imam al-Husayn stood by the [[treaty between Imam al-Hasan (a) and Mu'awiya]] even after Imam al-Hasan's martyrdom until [[Mu'awiya]]'s death. In response to numerous letters from Kufa inviting him to lead an uprising against Mu'awiya, he recommended remaining patient until Mu'awiya's end. | There are few reports about his life in the three decades after the demise of the Prophet (s). During the caliphate of Imam 'Ali (a), he accompanied his father and fought alongside him in the battles of [[Battle of Siffin|Siffin]], [[Battle of Jamal|Jamal]], and [[Battle of Nahrawan|Nahrawan]]. After the martyrdom of Imam 'Ali (a), he followed and supported [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]. Imam al-Husayn stood by the [[treaty between Imam al-Hasan (a) and Mu'awiya]] even after Imam al-Hasan's martyrdom until [[Mu'awiya]]'s death. In response to numerous letters from Kufa inviting him to lead an uprising against Mu'awiya, he recommended remaining patient until Mu'awiya's end. | ||
The imamate of Imam al-Husayn (a) coincided with the autocracy of Mu'awiya, who superficially respected the Imam (a) but, at the same time, took pleasure in weakening and overpowering the Shi'a. Imam al-Husayn (a) rebuked Mu'awiya in several cases. He wrote Mu'awiya a letter condemning him for the murder of [[Hujr b. Adi]]. On another occasion, when Mu'awiya introduced Yazid as his successor, Imam al-Husayn (a) refused to pledge allegiance to him, calling him unfit for leadership and proclaimed himself the rightful leader of the ummah. The [[Sermon of Imam al-Husayn (a) in Mina|sermon of the Imam (a) in Mina]] can also be regarded as a political lecture against the Umayyads. | The imamate of Imam al-Husayn (a) coincided with the autocracy of Mu'awiya, who superficially respected the Imam (a) but, at the same time, took pleasure in weakening and overpowering the Shi'a. Imam al-Husayn (a) rebuked Mu'awiya in several cases. He wrote Mu'awiya a letter condemning him for the murder of [[Hujr b. Adi]]. On another occasion, when Mu'awiya introduced Yazid as his successor, Imam al-Husayn (a) refused to pledge allegiance to him, calling him unfit for leadership, and proclaimed himself the rightful leader of the ummah. The [[Sermon of Imam al-Husayn (a) in Mina|sermon of the Imam (a) in Mina]] can also be regarded as a political lecture against the Umayyads. | ||
After Mu'awiya died, Imam al-Husayn (a) refused to give [[allegiance]] to [[Yazid]] and considered his rise to [[caliphate]] as illegitimate. When al-Walid b. 'Utba, the governor of Medina, was sent to order Imam al-Husayn (a) to either pledge allegiance to Yazid or be killed | After Mu'awiya died, Imam al-Husayn (a) refused to give [[allegiance]] to [[Yazid]] and considered his rise to [[caliphate]] as illegitimate. When al-Walid b. 'Utba, the governor of Medina, was sent to order Imam al-Husayn (a) to either pledge allegiance to Yazid or be killed. Imam al-Husayn (a) made his way from [[Medina]] towards [[Mecca]] on [[Rajab 28]], [[60]]/[[May 4]], 680. In the four months he stayed in Mecca, he received [[Letters of People of Kufa to Imam al-Husayn (a)|many letters]] that urged him to assume the leadership of ummah. As Imam (a) and his companions approached Kufa, the army of [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] intercepted Imam's caravan on Yazid's order. | ||
For fear of revenge from Yazid's army, the people of Kufa reneged on their promises to support the Imam (a). As a result, the [[Battle of Karbala]] took place on the [[Day of 'Ashura']]. Imam (a) along with a handful of his companions (around [[Martyrs of Karbala|seventy-two]]) were martyred and the remaining companions were taken as captives to Kufa and [[Syria]]. | For fear of revenge from Yazid's army, the people of Kufa reneged on their promises to support the Imam (a). As a result, the [[Battle of Karbala]] took place on the [[Day of 'Ashura']]. Imam (a) along with a handful of his companions (around [[Martyrs of Karbala|seventy-two]]) were martyred and the remaining companions were taken as captives to Kufa and [[Syria]]. | ||
There are differing views as to the purpose of [[Uprising of Imam al-Husayn (a)|Imam's (a) journey from Medina to Karbala]]. Some believe that Imam (a) intended to establish a government, | There are differing views as to the purpose of [[Uprising of Imam al-Husayn (a)|Imam's (a) journey from Medina to Karbala]]. Some believe that Imam (a) intended to establish a government. However, others hold that Imam (a) merely wanted to protect his own life. | ||
The martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) has had a | The martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) has had a profound impact on Muslims in general and on the Shi'a in particular. It has been a source of inspiration for various resistance movements and revolutions throughout history. | ||
Following the school of the Imams (a) visiting the [[shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]], the mourning ceremonies, and other associated rituals that ensued to commemorate his martyrdom, found their unique place among Shi'a circles especially during months of [[Muharram]] and [[Safar]]. | Following the school of the Imams (a) visiting the [[shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]], the mourning ceremonies, and other associated rituals that ensued to commemorate his martyrdom, found their unique place among Shi'a circles, especially during months of [[Muharram]] and [[Safar]]. | ||
Sunni Muslims speak highly of Imam al-Husayn (a) | Sunni Muslims speak highly of Imam al-Husayn (a) because of the hadiths they have transmitted about his virtues and b) his resistance against Yazid. | ||
Imam al-Husayn's (a) hadiths, letters, sermons, poems, and supplications have been collected in ''[[Mawsu'at kalimat al-Imam al-Husayn]]'' (The Encyclopedia of Imam al-Husayn's Words) and in ''[[Musnad al-Imam al-Shahid]]'' (The Musnad of the Martyred Imam). Many works have also been published regarding aspects of his life and personality. | Imam al-Husayn's (a) hadiths, letters, sermons, poems, and supplications have been collected in ''[[Mawsu'at kalimat al-Imam al-Husayn]]'' (The Encyclopedia of Imam al-Husayn's Words) and in ''[[Musnad al-Imam al-Shahid]]'' (The Musnad of the Martyred Imam). Many works have also been published regarding aspects of his life and personality. | ||