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Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya: Difference between revisions
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{{under construction}} | Kaysanites{{under construction}} | ||
'''Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafīyya''' (b.16\637-d.700\81), the son of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and [[Khawla Hanafiyya]] (the daughter of Ja'far b. Qays), was among the first group of [[Tabi'un]]. He was born in the year 16\637 by the time of the [[caliphate]] of [['Umar b. Khattab]] and passed away in [['Aylah]] or [[Ta'if]] or [[Medina]] when he was sixty-five. His demise in 81\700 was by the time of the caliphate of [['Abd al-malik b. Marwan]]<ref>A'yan al-shi'a, Vol.14, P.270.</ref>. | '''Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafīyya''' (b.16\637-d.700\81), the son of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and [[Khawla Hanafiyya]] (the daughter of Ja'far b. Qays), was among the first group of [[Tabi'un]]. He was born in the year 16\637 by the time of the [[caliphate]] of [['Umar b. Khattab]] and passed away in [['Aylah]] or [[Ta'if]] or [[Medina]] when he was sixty-five. His demise in 81\700 was by the time of the caliphate of [['Abd al-malik b. Marwan]]<ref>A'yan al-shi'a, Vol.14, P.270.</ref>. | ||
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[[the Battle of Jamal]] took place in the year 36\656. Muhammad stopped fighting in the middle of the action, so [[Imam Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]] took hold of the standard and having disordered enemy forces, took it back to Muhammad and said; 'strike them anew as compensation'. Muhammad then, accompanied by [[Khuzayma b. Thabit]] (Dhu l-Shahadatayn) and a group of [[Ansar]], many of them whom were the fighters of [[the Battle of Badr]], made successive attacks, and forced Jamal army to retreat<ref>Reyshahri, ''Danesh Nameh amir al-mu'minin'', Vol. 1, P.183.</ref>. | [[the Battle of Jamal]] took place in the year 36\656. Muhammad stopped fighting in the middle of the action, so [[Imam Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]] took hold of the standard and having disordered enemy forces, took it back to Muhammad and said; 'strike them anew as compensation'. Muhammad then, accompanied by [[Khuzayma b. Thabit]] (Dhu l-Shahadatayn) and a group of [[Ansar]], many of them whom were the fighters of [[the Battle of Badr]], made successive attacks, and forced Jamal army to retreat<ref>Reyshahri, ''Danesh Nameh amir al-mu'minin'', Vol. 1, P.183.</ref>. | ||
According to some reports, Ibn Hanafiyya was not certain about taking hold of the standard of 'Ali's (a) army, and even reproached his father, but eventually bore the standard, and thus made a reputation. Although in some sources such as; [[Tabari]], [[Ibn Kathir]], and [[Ibn al-Jawzi]], the standard-bearing of Muhammad b. Hanafiyya is reported without a hint to such a doubt, the narration of [[Ibn | According to some reports, Ibn Hanafiyya was not certain about taking hold of the standard of 'Ali's (a) army, and even reproached his father, but eventually bore the standard, and thus made a reputation. Although in some sources such as; [[Tabari]], [[Ibn Kathir]], and [[Ibn al-Jawzi]], the standard-bearing of Muhammad b. Hanafiyya is reported without a hint to such a doubt, the narration of [[Ibn Khallikan]] posits his standard-bearing in [[the battle of Saffayn]] and his doubts about it. | ||
==Absence in Karbala== | ==Absence in Karbala== | ||
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[['Allama Hilli]] holds that his absence in [[Karbala]] was due to sickness, and that maybe he did not know his brother's affair would end up in martyrdom. [['Abd Allah Mamaqani|Mamaqani]] dated his sickness after the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), but still did not find fault with his absence in Karbala. | [['Allama Hilli]] holds that his absence in [[Karbala]] was due to sickness, and that maybe he did not know his brother's affair would end up in martyrdom. [['Abd Allah Mamaqani|Mamaqani]] dated his sickness after the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), but still did not find fault with his absence in Karbala. | ||
==Relationships | ==Relationships of Kaysanites and Mukhtar== | ||
[[Kaysanites]] perceived that, after [[Imam al-Husayn's (a)]] [[martyrdom]], Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya has assigned [[Mukhtar]] as the governor of [[Kufa]] and [[Basra]] to seek revenge on his murderers. | [[Kaysanites]] perceived that, after [[Imam al-Husayn's (a)]] [[martyrdom]], Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya has assigned [[Mukhtar]] as the governor of [[Kufa]] and [[Basra]] to seek revenge on his murderers. Kaysanites revolted a while after the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) and believed in the [[Imama]] of Muhammad b. Hanafiyya. They believed he had inherited the mysteries of religion, knowledge of interpretation, and esoteric knowledge from [[Imam al-Hassan (a)]] and Imam al-Husayn. Some of them would interpret [[prayer]] and [[fasting]] as symbols for other things, and believed in [[reincarnation]], and they were unanimous in the [[Imama]] of Muhammad b. Hanafiyya, and the possibility of [[bada']] for [[God]]. This sect is also called "Mukhtariyya". | ||
There are various opinions considering his relationship with [[Mukhtar]]; some posit his disbelief in Mukhtar and their disconnection, some regard Mukhtar as his deputy, and some hold that he was gratified by Mukhtar and his acting, although there had been no deputation. | There are various opinions considering his relationship with [[Mukhtar]]; some posit his disbelief in Mukhtar and their disconnection, some regard Mukhtar as his deputy, and some hold that he was gratified by Mukhtar and his acting, although there had been no deputation. | ||
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* Ibn Babawayh, ‘Ali b. Husain, al-Imama wa al-tabsira min al-hira. Qum: Madrasar Imam al-Mahdi, 1363 | * Ibn Babawayh, ‘Ali b. Husain, al-Imama wa al-tabsira min al-hira. Qum: Madrasar Imam al-Mahdi, 1363 | ||
* Ibn al-Jawzi, ‘Abd al-Rahman b. ‘Ali, al-Muntazam fi tarikh al-muluk wa al-umam. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya, 1992 | * Ibn al-Jawzi, ‘Abd al-Rahman b. ‘Ali, al-Muntazam fi tarikh al-muluk wa al-umam. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya, 1992 | ||
* Ibn | * Ibn Khallikan, Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Abu Bakr, Wafayat al-a’yan wa anba’ abna’ al-zaman. Beirut: Dar al-Thiqafa, 1968 | ||
* Ibn Sa’d, Muhammad, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya | * Ibn Sa’d, Muhammad, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya | ||
* Amin, Sayyid Muhsin, A’yan al-Shi’a. Beirut: Dar al-Ta’aruf, 2000 | * Amin, Sayyid Muhsin, A’yan al-Shi’a. Beirut: Dar al-Ta’aruf, 2000 | ||
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[[Category:The Children of Imam ʿAli (a)]] | [[Category:The Children of Imam ʿAli (a)]] | ||
[[Category:The Children of Imam ʿAli (a)]] | [[Category:The Children of Imam ʿAli (a)]] | ||