Al-Ghadir Sermon: Difference between revisions

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 On the day of [['Arafa]], the Prophet (s) delivered a sermon for the pilgrims of hajj and reminded them of important issues including the important of Muslims' blood and property, trust-keeping, prohibition of [[usury]], women's rights and prohibiting people of following [[Satan]].<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh al-umam'', vol.3 p.150-152; Ibn Hisham, ''Al-Sira'', vol.2 p.603-604</ref>
-After finishing hajj rituals, Muslims exited Mecca and returned to their own states. On 18th of Dhu al-Hijja, the caravan of hajj pilgrims arrived in [Ghadir] [[Ghadir Khumm|Khumm]],<ref>Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2 p.118</ref> between Mecca and Medina, 5 km away from [[Juhfa]] where different routes separate from each other.<ref>Hamawi, ''Mu'jam al-buldan'', vol.2 p.103</ref> When the caravan arrived there, [[Gabriel]] revealed verses of 3 and 67 of the [[Sura Ma'ida]] to the Prophet (s) and delivered him [[God]]'s order to announce [[Wilaya]] [guardianship] of Imam 'Ali (a) to all people.<ref>Mufid, ''Tafsir al-Qur'an'', vol.1 p.184; 'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.332</ref> Caravan was stopped by the order of the Prophet (s) and those who were behind joined them. After noon prayer, a pulpit was made and the Prophet (s) delivered a sermon in which he (s) told people that he (s) would soon depart them. He mentioned two precious things he would leave and trust people with and spoke about his Wilaya and priority over believers.<ref>Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2 p.1</ref> Then, he (s) raised 'Ali's (a) hand and said, "Anyone I am his master, this 'Ali (a) is then his master."<ref>Ibn Athir, ''Asad al-ghaba'', vol.5 p.253; Kulayni, ''Al-Kafi'', vol.2 p.27</ref> Then he (s) made [[du'a]]s for 'Ali's (a) friends and cursed his enemies.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.111; Ibn Kathir, ''Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya'', vol.7 p.349</ref> That time, [[Hassan b. Thabit]] asked for permission and recited a poem he composed about that event<ref>Saduq, ''Al-Amali'', p.575; Mufid, ''Aqsam al-mawla'', p.35; Tusi, ''Al-iqtisad'', p.351; Tusi, ''Al-Rasa'il'', p.138</ref> and [['Umar]] congratulated 'Ali (a) for his position.<ref>Ibn Kathir, ''Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya'', vol.7 p.349</ref>
+After finishing hajj rituals, Muslims exited Mecca and returned to their own states. On 18th of Dhu al-Hijja, the caravan of hajj pilgrims arrived in [Ghadir] [[Ghadir Khumm|Khumm]],<ref>Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2 p.118</ref> between Mecca and Medina, 5 km away from [[Juhfa]] where different routes separate from each other.<ref>Hamawi, ''Mu'jam al-buldan'', vol.2 p.103</ref> When the caravan arrived there, [[Gabriel]] revealed verses of 3 and 67 of the [[Sura Ma'ida]] to the Prophet (s) and delivered him [[God]]'s order to announce [[Wilaya]] [guardianship] of Imam 'Ali (a) to all people.<ref>Mufid, ''Tafsir al-Qur'an'', vol.1 p.184; 'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.332</ref> Caravan was stopped by the order of the Prophet (s) and those who were behind joined them. After noon prayer, a pulpit was made and the Prophet (s) delivered a sermon in which he (s) told people that he (s) would soon depart them. He mentioned two precious things he would leave and trust people with and spoke about his Wilaya and priority over believers.<ref>Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2 p.1</ref> Then, he (s) raised 'Ali's (a) hand and said, "Anyone I am his master, this 'Ali (a) is then his master."<ref>Ibn Athir, ''Asad al-ghaba'', vol.5 p.253; Kulayni, ''Al-Kafi'', vol.2 p.27</ref> Then he (s) made [[du'a]]s for 'Ali's (a) friends and cursed his enemies.<ref>Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.111; Ibn Kathir, ''Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya'', vol.7 p.349</ref> That time, [[Hassan b. Thabit]] asked for permission and recited a poem he composed about that event<ref>Saduq, ''Al-Amali'', p.575; Mufid, ''Aqsam al-mawla'', p.35; Tusi, ''Al-iqtisad'', p.351; Tusi, ''Al-Rasa'il'', p.138</ref> and [['Umar]] congratulated 'Ali (a) for his position.<ref>Ibn Kathir, ''Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya'', vol.7 p.349</ref>
 == Key Points of the Sermon ==
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 | [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]<ref>Haythami, ''Majma' al-zawa'id'', vol.9 p.107; Ibn Maghazili, ''Manaqib'', vol.1 p.112; Ibn Athir, ''Asad al-ghaba'', vol.3 p.307</ref>		|| [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] 	|| Abu Sulayman Mu'adhdhin		|| [[Muhammad b. Isma'il Bukhari]]<ref>Bukhari, ''Tarikh al-kabir'', vol.1 p.375</ref>
 |-
-| [[Lady Fatima (a)]]<ref>Ibn Jazari, ''Asna al-matalib'', p.49</ref> 	|| [['Umar b. Khattab]]		|| Abu Salih Samman Dhakwan Madani		|| [[Ahmad b. Yahya Biladhari|Biladhari]]<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.108</ref>
+| [[Lady Fatima (a)]]<ref>Ibn Jazari, ''Asna al-matalib'', p.49</ref> 	|| [['Umar b. Khattab]]		|| Abu Salih Samman Dhakwan Madani		|| [[Ahmad b. Yahya Baladhuri|Baladhuri]]<ref>Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.108</ref>
 |-
 | [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]<ref>Qunduzi, ''Yanabi' al-mawadda'', vol.3 p.369</ref>		|| [['Ayisha]]		|| [[Asbagh b. Nubata]] Kufi		|| Ahmad b. Shu'ab Nisa'i<ref>Nisa'i, </ref>
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 * Ibn Athir, 'Ali b. Muhammad, ''Asad al-ghaba''. Beirut: Dar al-sha'b
 * Kulayni, Muhammad b. Ya'qub al-, ''Al-Kafi''. Qom: Dar al-hadith, 1429
-* Baladhari, Ahmad b. Yahya al-, ''Ansab al-ashraf''. Beirut: Mu'assisa al-a’lami
+* Baladhuri, Ahmad b. Yahya al-, ''Ansab al-ashraf''. Beirut: Mu'assisa al-a’lami
 * Saduq, Muhammad b. 'Ali al-, ''Al-Amali''. Tehran: Kitabkhani islamiyya
 * Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad al-, ''Aqsam al-mawla fi al-lisan''. Qom: Al-Mu'tamar al-'alami li al-shaykh al-mufid, 1413