Al-Ghadir Sermon: Difference between revisions

In 10/632, the [[months of Haram]] which were replaced due to the act of polytheists ([[Nasi']]) occurred the same as they were. That year, [[the Prophet (s)]] decided to go to [[hajj]]. This hajj was made in the last year of his life which was later called [[Hajjat al-Wida']] [Hajj of Farewell].<ref>Bukhari, ''Tarikh al-kabir'', vol.4 p.1599; Tabari, ''Tarikh al-umam'', vol.3 p.152; Halabi, ''Al-Sira'', vol.3 p.360</ref> People were informed of the Prophet's (s) decision and thus they were prepared to go to hajj.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''Al-Sira'', vol.2 p.601</ref>

On the day of [['Arafa]], the Prophet (s) delivered a sermon for the pilgrims of hajj and reminded them of important issues including the important of Muslims' blood and property, trust-keeping, prohibition of [[usury]], women's rights and prohibiting people of following [[Satan]].<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh al-umam'', vol.3 p.150-152; Ibn Hisham, ''Al-Sira'', vol.2 p.603-604</ref>

After finishing hajj rituals, Muslims exited Mecca and returned to their own states. On 18th of Dhu al-Hijja, the caravan of hajj pilgrims arrived in [Ghadir] [[Ghadir Khumm|Khumm]],<ref>Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2 p.118</ref> between Mecca and Medina, 5 km away from [[Juhfa]] where different routes separate from each other.<ref>Hamawi, ''Mu'jam al-buldan'', vol.2 p.103</ref> When the caravan arrived there, [[Gabriel]] revealed verses of 3 and 67 of the [[Sura Ma'ida]] to the Prophet (s) and delivered him [[God]]'s order to announce [[Wilaya]] [guardianship] of Imam 'Ali (a) to all people.<ref>Mufid, ''Tafsir al-Qur'an'', vol.1 p.184; 'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.332</ref> Caravan was stopped by the order of the Prophet (s) and those who were behind joined them. After noon prayer, a pulpit was made and the Prophet (s) delivered a sermon in which he (s) told people that he (s) would soon depart them. He mentioned two precious things he would leave and trust people with and spoke about his Wilaya and priority over believers.<ref>Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2 p.1</ref> Then, he (s) raised 'Ali's (a) hand and said, "Anyone I am his master, this 'Ali (a) is then his master."<ref>Ibn Athir, ''Asad al-ghaba'', vol.5 p.253; Kulayni, ''Al-Kafi'', vol.2 p.27</ref> Then he (s) made [[du'a]]s for 'Ali's (a) friends and cursed his enemies.<ref>Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.111; Ibn Kathir, ''Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya'', vol.7 p.349</ref> That time, [[Hassan b. Thabit]] asked for permission and recited a poem he composed about that event<ref>Saduq, ''Al-Amali'', p.575; Mufid, ''Aqsam al-mawla'', p.35; Tusi, ''Al-iqtisad'', p.351; Tusi, ''Al-Rasa'il'', p.138</ref> and [['Umar]] congratulated 'Ali (a) for his position.<ref>Ibn Kathir, ''Al-Bidaya wa al-nihaya'', vol.7 p.349</ref>