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Al-Ghadir Sermon: Difference between revisions
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then [he (s) said] the [[du'a]], "O [[God]]! Be friend with whom becomes a friend of him, | then [he (s) said] the [[du'a]], "O [[God]]! Be friend with whom becomes a friend of him, | ||
and for the one who oppose 'Ali (a) [as enemy] , be the enemy!" | and for the one who oppose 'Ali (a) [as enemy] , be the enemy!" | ||
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Also, Imam 'Ali (a) composed some verses of poem about that event.<ref> Tabrisi, ''Al-Ihtijaj'', vol.1 p.181</ref> | Also, Imam 'Ali (a) composed some verses of poem about that event.<ref> Tabrisi, ''Al-Ihtijaj'', vol.1 p.181</ref> | ||
[['Allama Amini]] mentioned the name of some poets from among the Companions, the Followers and Muslim poets before ninth century AH.<ref>Amini, ''Al-Ghadir'', vol.2 p.51-495</ref> The message of all these [[verse]]s and poems suggest that the understanding of the word "Mawla" in them has been greater right, authority and caliphate. | [['Allama Amini]] mentioned the name of some poets from among the Companions, the Followers and Muslim poets before ninth century AH.<ref>Amini, ''Al-Ghadir'', vol.2 p.51-495</ref> The message of all these [[verse]]s and poems suggest that the understanding of the word "Mawla" in them has been greater right, authority and caliphate. | ||
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|quote = [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]: | |||
The Prophet (s), on the Day of Ghadir, | |||
Made it an obligation on me, his Wilaya on you | |||
so woe and woe and woe, | |||
Upon one who | Upon one who meets his lord tomorrow, while done injustice on me | ||
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'''Ahl al-Bayt's (s) Giving Proofs and Referring to this Hadith''' | '''Ahl al-Bayt's (s) Giving Proofs and Referring to this Hadith''' | ||
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'''Revelation of the Tabligh Verse''' | '''Revelation of the Tabligh Verse''' | ||
[[File:آیه تبلیغ.jpg|thumbnail|Tabligh Verse]] | [[File:آیه تبلیغ.jpg|thumbnail|Tabligh Verse]] | ||
Verse 67 of [[Sura Ma'ida]] which according to hadiths<ref>Qummi, ''Tafsir'', vol.1 p.171; Tabrisi, ''Jawami' al-jami' '', vol.1 p.343</ref> and the opinion of some [[exegete]]s<ref>Suyuti, ''Al-Durr al-manthur'', vol.2 p.298; 'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.332</ref> was revealed in [[Hajjat al-Wida']] on the way between [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]], assigned [[the Prophet (s)]] with the announcement of a very important issue which was equal to his 23 year mission and if he (s) did not announce that, it was as if he (s) did not carry out his mission. However, it would have risks which [[God]] promised him to take care of. There are points in the verse which suggest that what the Prophet (s) had to do was announcement of the [[Wilaya]] of Imam 'Ali (a)<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.331; Tabrisi, ''Majma' al-bayan'', vol.1 p.334</ref> and this is mentioned by [[Ibn 'Abbas]], [[Bura' b. 'Adhib]] and Muhammad b. 'Ali.<ref>Razi, ''Tafsir al-Razi'', vol.12 p.401</ref> | Verse 67 of [[Sura al-Ma'ida]] which according to hadiths<ref>Qummi, ''Tafsir'', vol.1 p.171; Tabrisi, ''Jawami' al-jami' '', vol.1 p.343</ref> and the opinion of some [[exegete]]s<ref>Suyuti, ''Al-Durr al-manthur'', vol.2 p.298; 'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.332</ref> was revealed in [[Hajjat al-Wida']] on the way between [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]], assigned [[the Prophet (s)]] with the announcement of a very important issue which was equal to his 23 year mission and if he (s) did not announce that, it was as if he (s) did not carry out his mission. However, it would have risks which [[God]] promised him to take care of. There are points in the verse which suggest that what the Prophet (s) had to do was announcement of the [[Wilaya]] of Imam 'Ali (a)<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.331; Tabrisi, ''Majma' al-bayan'', vol.1 p.334</ref> and this is mentioned by [[Ibn 'Abbas]], [[Bura' b. 'Adhib]] and Muhammad b. 'Ali.<ref>Razi, ''Tafsir al-Razi'', vol.12 p.401</ref> | ||
But, some believe that the goal of this mission has been mentioning some issues such as the rulings for [[Qisas]] and [[Rajm]] [stoning], marriage with the wife of his adopted son [[Zayd]], obligation of [[Jihad]], saying the weak points and problems of [[Jews]] and [[Quraysh]] and the idols of the polytheists.<ref>Razi, ''Tafsir al-Razi'', vol.12 p.400-402</ref> However, according to what was mentioned earlier, such interpretations are incorrect. | But, some believe that the goal of this mission has been mentioning some issues such as the rulings for [[Qisas]] and [[Rajm]] [stoning], marriage with the wife of his adopted son [[Zayd]], obligation of [[Jihad]], saying the weak points and problems of [[Jews]] and [[Quraysh]] and the idols of the polytheists.<ref>al-Razi, ''Tafsir al-Razi'', vol.12 p.400-402</ref> However, according to what was mentioned earlier, such interpretations are incorrect. | ||
'''Revelation of the | '''Revelation of the Ikmal [Perfection of Religion] Verse''' | ||
[[File:آیه اکمال از آیات غدیر.png|thumbnail|Ikmal Verse]] | [[File:آیه اکمال از آیات غدیر.png|thumbnail|Ikmal Verse]] | ||
After the sermon of the Prophet (s), verse 3 of Sura Ma'ida was revealed to him<ref>Bahrani, ''Kashf al-muhimm'', p.227</ref> which show the importance of this day. Disappointment of disbelievers from [[Islam]], perfection of religious teachings, completion of blessings of God and God's pleasure in Islam to be the ultimate religion of people.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.181; Makarim, ''Tafsir-i nimunih'', vol.4 p.258</ref> | After the sermon of the Prophet (s), verse 3 of Sura al-Ma'ida was revealed to him<ref>Bahrani, ''Kashf al-muhimm'', p.227</ref> which show the importance of this day. Disappointment of disbelievers from [[Islam]], perfection of religious teachings, completion of blessings of God and God's pleasure in Islam to be the ultimate religion of people.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.181; Makarim, ''Tafsir-i nimunih'', vol.4 p.258</ref> | ||
This verse, according to some scholars, mentioned the last duty in Islam and no other obligation is mentioned after that.<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.293; Qummi, ''Tafsir'', vol.1 p.162; Razi, ''Tafsir al-Razi'', vol.11 p.288</ref> Also the Prophet (s), after this verse revealed to him, praised God for perfection of religion.<ref>Suyuti, ''Al-Durr al-manthur'', vol.2 p.259</ref> Since that time, there was no ruling left to perfect religion and disappoint disbelievers, announcement of the Wilaya of 'Ali (a) was the only issue which had all these advantages<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.168-175</ref> as some hadiths have mentioned this.<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.293</ref> | This verse, according to some scholars, mentioned the last duty in Islam and no other obligation is mentioned after that.<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.293; Qummi, ''Tafsir'', vol.1 p.162; Razi, ''Tafsir al-Razi'', vol.11 p.288</ref> Also the Prophet (s), after this verse revealed to him, praised God for perfection of religion.<ref>Suyuti, ''Al-Durr al-manthur'', vol.2 p.259</ref> Since that time, there was no ruling left to perfect religion and disappoint disbelievers, announcement of the Wilaya of 'Ali (a) was the only issue which had all these advantages<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.168-175</ref> as some hadiths have mentioned this.<ref>'Ayyashi, ''Al-Tafsir'', vol.1 p.293</ref> | ||
Opposite to this view, some believe that perfection of religion was due to perfection of religious rulings by mentioning the rulings which meet the needs of future Muslims and thus no new religion is needed to come;<ref>Tabari, ''Jami' al-bayan'', vol.5 p.51</ref> while, this is not true and perfection of rulings is not related to disappointment of disbelievers in apostasy and return of Muslims to disbelief, since many disbelievers hoped that after the Prophet (s) passed away, his religion would also be forgotten after a while, but announcement of a [[successor]] after the Prophet (s) disappointed them.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.284</ref> Moreover, the outward power of Islam was revealed on the day of conquering [[Mecca]] not in 10 AH/632 when the event of Ghadir Khum took place. Therefore, perfection of religion was not due to exposure of the outward power of Islam on that day but some other reasons which were mentioned above.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.279</ref> | Opposite to this view, some believe that perfection of religion was due to perfection of religious rulings by mentioning the rulings which meet the needs of future Muslims and thus no new religion is needed to come;<ref>Tabari, ''Jami' al-bayan'', vol.5 p.51</ref> while, this is not true and perfection of rulings is not related to disappointment of disbelievers in apostasy and return of Muslims to disbelief, since many disbelievers hoped that after the Prophet (s) passed away, his religion would also be forgotten after a while, but announcement of a [[successor]] after the Prophet (s) disappointed them.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.284</ref> Moreover, the outward power of Islam was revealed on the day of conquering [[Mecca]] not in 10 AH/632 when the event of Ghadir Khum took place. Therefore, perfection of religion was not due to exposure of the outward power of Islam on that day but some other reasons which were mentioned above.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''Al-Mizan'', vol.5 p.279</ref> | ||
'''Verses at the Beginning of the Sura Ma'arij''' | '''Verses at the Beginning of the Sura al-Ma'arij''' | ||
After [[the Prophet (s)]] announced the issue of 'Ali's (a) [[Wilaya]] to people, a person called [[Nu'man b. Harith al-Fihri]] came to the Prophet (s) and objected that, "You ordered us to acknowledge Unity of God, your prophethood, performing Jihad, [[hajj]], [[fasting]], [[prayer]] and giving [[Zakat]] and we accepted. But, you were not satisfied with this much until you appointed this young man as our [[Wali]]. Is this appointment your own decision or from God?!" As soon as the Prophet (s) answered him that it was God's order, the man asked God disdainfully that if this order was from God, a stone should fall on his head from the sky. Then, a stone fell from the sky on his head and he dropped dead and the [[verse]]s at the Beginning of the [[Sura al-Ma'arij]] were then revealed:<ref>Tabrisi, Majma' al-bayan, vol.10 p.530; Qurtubi, ''Al-Jami' '', vol.19 p.278; Tha'labi, ''Al-Kashf wa al-bayan'', vol.10 p.35</ref> | |||
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{{center|"An asker asked for a punishment bound to befall (1) —which none can avert from the faithless— (2) from Allah, Lord of the lofty stations. " | |||
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[[Shi'a]] believe that this person did not understand from the hadith but the caliphate of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] after the Prophet (s), otherwise, if he only understood the Prophet's (s) request of people to love Imam 'Ali (a), he would not be bothered from the Prophet's (s) announcement which would require such a grave punishment for him. | [[Shi'a]] believe that this person did not understand from the hadith but the caliphate of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] after the Prophet (s), otherwise, if he only understood the Prophet's (s) request of people to love Imam 'Ali (a), he would not be bothered from the Prophet's (s) announcement which would require such a grave punishment for him. | ||