Mafatih al-jinan (book): Difference between revisions

| author = [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi]]

'''''Mafātīḥ al-jinān''''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| مفاتیح الجنان}}), keys to the heavens) by [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]] is the most popular book of [[supplication]] in the [[Shi'a]] world. It contains [[du'a]]s, supplications, [[Ziyarah|Ziyarah texts]], practices specific to certain days, months, and occasions, religious practices and manners, as well as some anecdotes narrated from the [[Prophet (s)]], [[Imams (a)]], and Islamic scholars.

[[File:شیخ عباس قمی.jpg|180px|thumbnail|Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi the compiler of <nowiki>''</nowiki>Mafatih al-jinan<nowiki>''</nowiki>.]]

'Abbas b. Muhammad Rida al-Qumi , also known as "Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi" and "Muhaddith Qumi" is one of the most famous [[Iran|Iranian]] Shi'a scholars. He was born in the holy city of [[Qom]] in [[1294]]/1877 to a religious family. He began his education in Qom as a student of Islamic scholars, including Mirza Muhammad Arbab Qumi (d. [[1341]]/1922)<ref>''Gulshan-i abrar'', vol. 2, p. 571</ref> and Shaykh Abu l-Qasim Qumi.

Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi who is well-known by his work ''Mafatih al-jinan'', has written more than 40 books on various subjects such as history and [[hadith]]. Some of his books include ''[[Safinat al-Bihar]]'', ''[[Nafas al-mahmum]]'', ''[[Bayt al-ahzan]]'', and ''[[Muntaha l-amal]]''.

The author has composed ''Mafatih al-jinan'' in order to enhance reliability of another book called ''Miftah al-jinan'' which was being vastly used at that time and included unauthentic du'as. Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi wrote at the end of the first print of his book: "My brothers in religion have asked me to collect authentic du'as of ''Miftah al-jinan'' and other authentic du'as and compile a book"<ref>Radawi, ''Mafatih al-jinan bi masabih-i yik farhang''</ref>.

This chapter includes: [[Ta'qibat]] (acts of worship after prayers), practices of days, nights, and days of the week, famous prayers such as the Prayer of the Prophet (s), the Prayer of Amir al-Mu'minin (a), the Prayer of Lady Fatima (a), and the Prayer of Ja'far al-Tayyar, Ziyarah texts of Imams (a) on the days of the week, supplications including [[Munajat Khams 'Ashar]] of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], Munajat of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in [[Mosque of Kufa]], [[Du'a al-Samat]], [[Du'a al-Kumayl]], [[al-Jawshan al-Saghir]], [[al-Jawshan al-Kabir]], [[Du'a Makarim al-Akhlaq]].

[[Sha'baniyya Supplication]] (one of the recommended acts in the month of [[Sha'ban]]), [[Supplication of Abu Hamza Thumali]], [[Du'a Iftitah]], the famous [[Du'a al-Sahar]], the practices of the [[Qadr nights]] (of the recommended acts of the month of [[Ramadan]]), and [[Du'a of Imam al-Husayn (a) on the day of 'Arafa]] (of the practices of the month of [[Dhu l-Hijja]]) are among the most well-known contents of this chapter.

In the second edition of ''Mafatih al-jinan'', [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi]] attached a section named ''Mulhaqat'' to the book. In this part, eight new pieces of content have been attached to the book, that the author believed was a necessity for the readers: the Du'a for the farewell of the month of [[Ramadan]], the Sermon of [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Ziyarah Jami'at A'immat al-Mu'minin]], Du'a after Ziyarahs, the Ziyarah for the farewell after visiting the holy shrines of [[Imams (a)]], a sealed message for making requests, Du'a at the time of [[Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]], and the manners of vicarious ziyarah.

In order to prevent other things from being added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', he had asked [[God]], [[the Prophet (s)]], and the Imams (a) to curse anybody that added anything to the book. Although Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi did not allow any content to be added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', publishers attached a second addenda to ''Mafatih al-jinan'' which contains the famous [[Hadith al-Kisa]].

''Al-Baqiyat al-salihat'' is a book Shaykh [['Abbas Qumi]] has written and published in the margin of ''Mafatih al-jinan''. The book comprises of six chapters and an addendum. The chapters are as follows:

Shaykh [['Abbas Qumi]] wrote ''Mafatih al-jinan'' in [[1344]]/1925 and it was published in [[Mashhad]] for the first time.

[[File:Les Clés du Paradis.jpg|220px|thumbnail|''Les Clés du Paradis'' <br>Original title: مفاتیح الجنان;  Language: Arabic & French;  Pages: 1822;  ISBN: 9953221367]]

[[File:Mafatih nuwin.jpg|220px|thumbnail|''Mafatih-i nuwin'' <br>Compiler: Ayatollah [[Makarim Shirazi]];  Original title: مفاتیح نوین;  Language: Arabic & Farsi;  Pages: 1176]]

[[File:مفاتیح الحیاة.jpg|220px|thumbnail|''Mafatih al-hayat'' <br> Original title: مفاتیح الحیاة;  Compiler: Ayatollah [[Jawadi Amuli]];  Language: Farsi & Arabic]]

Some Years before the publication of ''Mafatih al-hayat'', Ayatollah [[Jawadi Amuli]], the author, during a [[Friday Prayer]] sermon in [[Qom]] said: "We need a second volume for ''Mafatih al-jinan'', which has not been written yet. God bless [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi]] and other scholars, but prayers; [[Dhikr]]s and [[ziyarah]]s are not the only part of the religion."