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Mafatih al-jinan (book): Difference between revisions
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[[File:شیخ عباس قمی.jpg|180px|thumbnail|Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi the compiler of <nowiki>''</nowiki>Mafatih al-jinan<nowiki>''</nowiki>.]] | [[File:شیخ عباس قمی.jpg|180px|thumbnail|Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi the compiler of <nowiki>''</nowiki>Mafatih al-jinan<nowiki>''</nowiki>.]] | ||
{{main|Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi}} | {{main|Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi}} | ||
'Abbas b. Muhammad Rida al-Qummi (b. [[1294]]/1877 - d. [[1359]]/1940), known as Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi and Muhaddith Qummi, was a Shiite scholar of the 14th/20th century. He was well-known in hadiths and history as well as preaching and orations. Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi wrote many books, the best-known of which are ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]'', ''Safinat al-bihar'', and ''[[Muntaha al-amal]]''. He died in [[Najaf]] in [[1359]]/1940 and was buried in the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]].<ref> | 'Abbas b. Muhammad Rida al-Qummi (b. [[1294]]/1877 - d. [[1359]]/1940), known as Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi and Muhaddith Qummi, was a Shiite scholar of the 14th/20th century. He was well-known in hadiths and history as well as preaching and orations. Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi wrote many books, the best-known of which are ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]'', ''Safinat al-bihar'', and ''[[Muntaha al-amal]]''. He died in [[Najaf]] in [[1359]]/1940 and was buried in the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]].<ref>Ṭāliʿī, "Sālshumār-i ḥayāt wa āthār-i muḥaddith-i Qummī", p. 13-48</ref> His son has quoted that his father wrote this book while he has [[wudu]].<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 28.</ref> | ||
==Motivation== | ==Motivation== | ||
The author has composed ''Mafatih al-jinan'' in order to enhance reliability of another book called ''Miftah al-jinan'' which was being vastly used at that time and included unauthentic du'as. Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi wrote at the end of the first print of his book: "My brothers in religion have asked me to collect authentic du'as of ''Miftah al-jinan'' and other authentic du'as and compile a book"<ref> | The author has composed ''Mafatih al-jinan'' in order to enhance reliability of another book called ''Miftah al-jinan'' which was being vastly used at that time and included unauthentic du'as. Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi wrote at the end of the first print of his book: "My brothers in religion have asked me to collect authentic du'as of ''Miftah al-jinan'' and other authentic du'as and compile a book"<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 12.</ref>. | ||
Nevertheless, he has not mentioned the [[chain of narrators]] and only indicated the source from which the du'as have been quoted. | Nevertheless, he has not mentioned the [[chain of narrators]] and only indicated the source from which the du'as have been quoted.<ref>Sulṭānī, "Ishāra bi pāriʾī az manābiʿ Mafātīḥ", p. 450.</ref> | ||
Also, some du'as included in this book, such as [[Supplication of 'Adila|'Adila]], have not been quoted from the [[Infallibles]], but rather from Islamic scholars. | Also, some du'as included in this book, such as [[Supplication of 'Adila|'Adila]], have not been quoted from the [[Infallibles]], but rather from Islamic scholars.<ref>Sulṭānī, "Ishāra bi pāriʾī az manābiʿ Mafātīḥ", p. 451.</ref> | ||
==Structure and Content== | ==Structure and Content== | ||
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===Addenda=== | ===Addenda=== | ||
In the second edition of ''Mafatih al-jinan'', [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]] attached a section named ''Mulhaqat'' to the book. In this part, eight new pieces of content have been attached to the book, that the author believed was a necessity for the readers: the Du'a for the farewell of the month of [[Ramadan]], the Sermon of [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Ziyarah Jami'at A'immat al-Mu'minin]], Du'a after Ziyarahs, the Ziyarah for the farewell after visiting the holy shrines of [[Imams (a)]], a sealed message for making requests, Du'a at the time of [[Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]], and the manners of vicarious ziyarah. | In the second edition of ''Mafatih al-jinan'', [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]] attached a section named ''Mulhaqat'' to the book.<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 869.</ref> In this part, eight new pieces of content have been attached to the book, that the author believed was a necessity for the readers: the Du'a for the farewell of the month of [[Ramadan]], the Sermon of [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Ziyarah Jami'at A'immat al-Mu'minin]], Du'a after Ziyarahs, the Ziyarah for the farewell after visiting the holy shrines of [[Imams (a)]], a sealed message for making requests, Du'a at the time of [[Occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]], and the manners of vicarious ziyarah. | ||
In order to prevent other things from being added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', he had asked [[God]], [[the Prophet (s)]], and the Imams (a) to curse anybody that added anything to the book. Although Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi did not allow any content to be added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', publishers attached a second addenda to ''Mafatih al-jinan'' which contains the famous [[Hadith al-Kisa]]. | In order to prevent other things from being added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', he had asked [[God]], [[the Prophet (s)]], and the Imams (a) to curse anybody that added anything to the book.<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 869.</ref> Although Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi did not allow any content to be added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', publishers attached a second addenda to ''Mafatih al-jinan'' which contains the famous [[Hadith al-Kisa]].<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 985.</ref> | ||
===''Al-Baqiyat al-Salihat''=== | ===''Al-Baqiyat al-Salihat''=== | ||
''Al-Baqiyat al-salihat'' is a book Shaykh [['Abbas Qummi]] has written and published on the margins of ''Mafatih al-jinan''. The book comprises of six chapters and an addendum. The chapters are as follows: | ''Al-Baqiyat al-salihat'' is a book Shaykh [['Abbas Qummi]] has written and published on the margins of ''Mafatih al-jinan''.<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 903.</ref> The book comprises of six chapters and an addendum. The chapters are as follows: | ||
# The first chapter provides a selection of the practices of days and nights, including some manners of daily life, du'as recommended for certain hours of the day, and instructions for the [[night prayer]]. | # The first chapter provides a selection of the practices of days and nights, including some manners of daily life, du'as recommended for certain hours of the day, and instructions for the [[night prayer]]. | ||
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===Prints=== | ===Prints=== | ||
[[File:Mafatih al-jinan.jpg||220px|thumbnail|right|English Translation of ''Mafatih al-jinan'']] | [[File:Mafatih al-jinan.jpg||220px|thumbnail|right|English Translation of ''Mafatih al-jinan'']] | ||
Shaykh [['Abbas Qummi]] wrote ''Mafatih al-jinan'' in [[1344]]/1925 and it was published in [[Mashhad]] for the first time. | Shaykh [['Abbas Qummi]] wrote ''Mafatih al-jinan'' in [[1344]]/1925 and it was published in [[Mashhad]] for the first time.<ref>Ṭāliʿī, "Sālshumār-i ḥayāt wa āthār-i muḥaddith-i Qummī". p. 31.</ref> | ||
Presently, ''Mafatih al-jinan'' is being published by a multitude of publishers in various forms, and it seems almost impossible to state the number of all the published editions. | Presently, ''Mafatih al-jinan'' is being published by a multitude of publishers in various forms, and it seems almost impossible to state the number of all the published editions. | ||
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===English=== | ===English=== | ||
''Mafatih al-jinan'' has been translated to English at least four times | ''Mafatih al-jinan'' has been translated to English at least four times, but only the translation by Badr Shahin is a complete translation and has been published by Ansariyan Publications. | ||
===French=== | ===French=== | ||
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''Mafatih-i nuwin'', which is actually the modified version of ''Mafatih al-jinan'', has been collected and published by Ayatollah [[Makarim Shirazi]], one of the [[:Category:marjas|Shi'a marja's]]. Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati translated this book. | ''Mafatih-i nuwin'', which is actually the modified version of ''Mafatih al-jinan'', has been collected and published by Ayatollah [[Makarim Shirazi]], one of the [[:Category:marjas|Shi'a marja's]]. Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati translated this book. | ||
Ayatollah Makarim's goal, as he mentioned in the preface of the book, has been to make the book well-suited to the current time and remove some content over which there has been disagreements. | Ayatollah Makarim's goal, as he mentioned in the preface of the book, has been to make the book well-suited to the current time and remove some content over which there has been disagreements.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Mafātīḥ-i nuwīn'', p. 16.</ref> | ||
A free online version of ''Mafatih-i nuwin'' has been published on the official website of the author, Ayatollah Makarim Shirazi: [http://makarem.ir/compilation/reader.aspx?lid=0&pid=61829&catid=6513 Online Mafatih-i nuwin (farsi)] | A free online version of ''Mafatih-i nuwin'' has been published on the official website of the author, Ayatollah Makarim Shirazi: [http://makarem.ir/compilation/reader.aspx?lid=0&pid=61829&catid=6513 Online Mafatih-i nuwin (farsi)] | ||
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# Rulings and practices about the deceased people | # Rulings and practices about the deceased people | ||
==''Mafatih al- | ==''Mafatih al-Hayat''== | ||
[[File:مفاتیح الحیاة.jpg|220px|thumbnail|''Mafatih al-hayat'' <br> Original title:{{ia| مفاتیح الحیاة}}; Compiler: Ayatollah [[Jawadi Amuli]]; Language: Farsi & Arabic]] | [[File:مفاتیح الحیاة.jpg|220px|thumbnail|''Mafatih al-hayat'' <br> Original title:{{ia| مفاتیح الحیاة}}; Compiler: Ayatollah [[Jawadi Amuli]]; Language: Farsi & Arabic]] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | *Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. ''Mafātīḥ-i nuwīn''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, 1390 Sh. | ||
*Qummī, ʿAbbās. ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān''. Translāted to Farsi by Ḥusayn Anṣārīyān. Qom: Dār al-ʿIrfān, 1388 Sh. | |||
* '' | *Sulṭānī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. 1389 Sh. "Ishāra bi pāriʾī az manābiʿ Mafātīḥ al-jinān." ''Kungira-yi Buzurgdāsht-i Muḥaddith-i Qummī''. | ||
* | *Ṭāliʿī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. 1389 Sh. "Sālshumār-i ḥayāt wa āthār-i muḥaddith-i Qummī." ''Kungira-yi Buzurgdāsht-i Muḥaddith-i Qummī''. | ||
* | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||