Mafatih al-jinan (book): Difference between revisions

{{Infobox book

| name = ''Mafatih al-jinan''

| English_publisher = Iran, Qom: [http://www.ansariyan.org/ Ansariyan Publications]

}}

'''''Mafātīḥ al-jinān''''' (Arabic:{{iarabic| مفاتیح الجنان}}), (keys to the heavens) by [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]] is the most popular book of [[supplication]] in the [[Shi'a]] world. It contains [[du'a]]s, supplications, [[Ziyarah|Ziyarah texts]], practices specific to certain days, months, and occasions, religious practices and manners, as well as some anecdotes narrated from the [[Prophet (s)]], [[Imams (a)]], and Islamic scholars.

==Compiler==

{{main|Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi}}

'Abbas b. Muhammad Rida al-Qummi (b. [[1294]]/1877 - d. [[1359]]/1940), known as Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi and Muhaddith Qummi, was a Shiite scholar of the 14th/20th century. He was well-known in hadiths and history as well as preaching and orations. Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi wrote many books, the best-known of which are ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]'', ''Safinat al-bihar'', and ''[[Muntaha al-amal]]''. He died in [[Najaf]] in [[1359]]/1940 and was buried in the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]].<ref>Ṭāliʿī, "Sālshumār-i ḥayāt wa āthār-i muḥaddith-i Qummī", p. 13-48</ref> His son has quoted that his father wrote this book while he has [[wudu]].<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 28.</ref>

==Motivation==

Nevertheless, he has not mentioned the [[chain of narrators]] and only indicated the source from which the du'as have been quoted.<ref>Sulṭānī, "Ishāra bi pāriʾī az manābiʿ Mafātīḥ", p. 450.</ref>

This chapter includes recommended acts of the [[lunar year]]. It begins from [[Rajab]] and ends with the recommended acts of [[Jumada II]]. It includes the recommended acts during [[Nowruz]] and the Roman months.

===Third chapter: Ziyarahs===

In addition to the ziyarahs of the [[twelve Imams (a)]], this chapter contains ziyarahs of the offspring of Imams (a), some [[Shi'a]] scholars and noble people such as [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Hamza]], [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]], [[Fatima bt. Asad]], martyrs of the [[Battle of Uhud]], [[Salman al-Farsi]], etc.  The recommended practices for some famous mosques, such as [[Masjid al-Kufa]] and [[Sa'sa'a b. Sawhan Mosque]], have also been explained in this chapter.

[[Du'a al-Nudba]], [[Du'a al-'Ahd]], and [[Ziyarah al-Jami'at al-Kabira]] have been classified under Ziyarahs of [[Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]].

In order to prevent other things from being added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', he had asked [[God]], [[the Prophet (s)]], and the Imams (a) to curse anybody that added anything to the book.<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 869.</ref> Although Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi did not allow any content to be added to ''Mafatih al-jinan'', publishers attached a second addenda to ''Mafatih al-jinan'' which contains the famous [[Hadith al-Kisa]].<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 985.</ref>

''Al-Baqiyat al-salihat'' is a book Shaykh [['Abbas Qummi]] has written and published on the margins of ''Mafatih al-jinan''.<ref>Qummī, ''Mafātīḥ al-jinān'', p. 903.</ref> The book comprises of six chapters and an addendum. The chapters are as follows:

# The third chapter provides solutions for pains, difficulties, limbs aches, fever, etc. through various du'as are mentioned specifically for the removal of pain and different illnesses.

# The fourth chapter is a selection of du'as from the book of ''[[al-Kafi]]''. The du'as of this chapter are mostly for solving the scarcity of one's [[Rizq]] and problems of the world.

# The sixth chapter mentions the benefits of certain [[surah]]s, [[verse]]s and various du'as. The fruits of some Qur'anic surahs and verses which are beneficial for daily problems are mentioned in this chapter such as, du'a for meeting a person in a dream, du'a for studying, manners of [['Aqiqa]], and performing [[Istikhara]] with the [[Qur'an]].

''Mafatih-i nuwin'', which is actually the modified version of ''Mafatih al-jinan'', has been collected and published by Ayatollah [[Makarim Shirazi]], one of the [[:Category:marjas|Shi'a marja's]]. Sayyid Hashim Rasuli Mahallati translated this book.

A free online version of ''Mafatih-i nuwin'' has been published on the official website of the author, Ayatollah Makarim Shirazi: [http://makarem.ir/compilation/reader.aspx?lid=0&pid=61829&catid=6513 Online Mafatih-i nuwin (farsi)]

# Fourth chapter: the practices of [[Islamic months]] from [[Muharram]] to [[Dhu l-Hijja]]. This chapter also includes the practices of the solar months such as [[Nowruz]] and Roman months such as [[Niysan]].

# Fifth chapter: the practices of nights, days, and days of the week in ten sections. One section provides ziyarahs of Imams (a) on the days of the week.

# Seventh chapter: recommended prayers. This chapter comprises of two sections. One section contains prayers specific to the [[Infallibles|fourteen Infallibles (a)]] and the other one covers other famous prayers such as the [[Ja'far al-Tayyar Prayer]], the prayer at the night of burial, and the prayer on the first day of the [[lunar months]].

# Eighth chapter: du'as for solving material and spiritual difficulties and the instructions of [['Aqiqa]]

# Rulings and practices about the deceased people

[[File:مفاتیح الحیاة.jpg|220px|thumbnail|''Mafatih al-hayat'' <br> Original title:{{ia| مفاتیح الحیاة}};  Compiler: Ayatollah [[Jawadi Amuli]];  Language: Farsi & Arabic]]

==See Also==

* ''[[Qur'an]]''

* ''[[Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya]]''

* ''[[Nahj al-Balagha]]''

== Notes ==

*Sulṭānī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. 1389 Sh. "Ishāra bi pāriʾī az manābiʿ Mafātīḥ al-jinān." ''Kungira-yi Buzurgdāsht-i Muḥaddith-i Qummī''.

*Ṭāliʿī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. 1389 Sh. "Sālshumār-i ḥayāt wa āthār-i muḥaddith-i Qummī." ''Kungira-yi Buzurgdāsht-i Muḥaddith-i Qummī''.

{{end}}

* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ir.Ali313.Allah110&hl=en ''Mafatih al-jinan'' for Android]

* [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/mafatih-al-jinan-mfatyh-aljnan/id923935483?mt=8 ''Mafatih al-jinan'' for iOS]

{{Supplications}}

[[id:Mafātih al-Jinān]]

[[de:Mafātīḥ al-Ğinān]]

[[Category:Works of Shaykh Abbas Qumi]]

[[Category:Prayer books]]