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Amina bt. Wahb: Difference between revisions
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| Religious Affiliation = Theist | | Religious Affiliation = Theist | ||
| Lineage = Banu Zuhra, [[Quraysh]] | | Lineage = Banu Zuhra, [[Quraysh]] | ||
| Wellknown Relatives = the [[Prophet (s)]], [[ | | Wellknown Relatives = the [[Prophet (s)]], [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]] | ||
| Birth = | | Birth = | ||
| Place of Birth = [[Mecca]] | | Place of Birth = [[Mecca]] | ||
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| Activities = | | Activities = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Āmina bt. Wahb''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|آمنة بنت وَهْب}}) (d. | '''Āmina bt. Wahb''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|آمنة بنت وَهْب}}) (d. forty six years before [[Hijra]]/576), the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet]]'s (s) mother and one of the most respectful ladies of [[Quraysh]]. Amina got married to [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]] in fifty four or fifty three years before [[Hijra]] (570-71). Despite the short period of their marriage, she got pregnant with Abd Allah and gave birth to [[Muhammad (s)]] in fifty two years before Hijra (572). When Muhammad (s) was four or six, Amina passed away in an area called [[al-Abwa']] while coming back from [[Medina]]. | ||
== Birth and Lineage == | == Birth and Lineage == | ||
Amina was born in [[Mecca]].<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 74.</ref> His father, Wahb, was a great member of [[Banu Zuhra]] tribe, and his ancestor, | Amina was born in [[Mecca]].<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 74.</ref> His father, Wahb, was a great member of [[Banu Zuhra]] tribe, and his ancestor,Abd Manaf b. Zuhrah was his cousin's peer, [[Abd Manaf b. Qusayy]]. They are called "Manafayn" for respect. The female ancestor of his father, Atika, al-Awqas b. Murra b. Hilal al-Sulamiyya's daughter, one of the three Atikas whom the Prophet (s) was proud of being her offspring and said, "I'm the offspring of Awatik from Banu Sulaym."<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 74.</ref> | ||
Her mother was Barra. Her mother's ancestor was | Her mother was Barra. Her mother's ancestor was Umm Habib, daughter of Asad b. Abd al-Uzza b. Qusayy and the mother of her was Barra bt. Awf.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 81.</ref> | ||
The Prophet (s) was proud of his lineage and said | The Prophet (s) was proud of his lineage and said, "[[God]] moved me from pure waists to pure uteruses and divided into branches which I was put in the best ones of them." | ||
== Marriage | == Marriage to Abd Allah == | ||
She was the best girl in [[Quraysh]] in terms of lineage and character when getting married | She was the best girl in [[Quraysh]] in terms of lineage and character when getting married to [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 156.</ref> Before Abd Allah proposed to Amina, some women such as Nawfal b. Asad's daughter, Fatima bt. Murr, and Layla al-Adawiyya had proposed to him.<ref>See: Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 8.</ref> According to one account, when Amina got married to Abd Allah, many [[Mecca]] women became heartbroken.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 103.</ref> Their ceremony lasted for three days and nights. During this period, Abd Allah was in bride's house on the basis of the tribe tradition.<ref>Nuwayrī, ''Nihāyat al-arab'', vol. 16, p. 57.</ref> | ||
== | == Abd Allah's Early Death == | ||
Their married life did not last that much. After a few days of living together, | Their married life did not last that much. After a few days of living together, Abd Allah set off for a commercial trip, catching an illness in [[Yathrib]] and passing away while returning. When the news of her death reached to Amina, she uttered some verses to mourn for him: | ||
:"Batha land drew Bani Hashim's honor to the mouth of death, | :"Batha land drew Bani Hashim's honor to the mouth of death, | ||
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:who have an open-handed nature and a heart filled with graciousness." | :who have an open-handed nature and a heart filled with graciousness." | ||
According to some historical reports, | According to some historical reports, Abd Allah passed away soon after the Prophet's (s) birth.<ref>Āyatī, ''Tārīkh-i Payāmbar-i Islām'', p. 41.</ref> Some people think Abd Allah's early death after his survival from being sacrificed represents that it was doomed for Abd Allah to marry Amina, therefore the Prophet (s) would be born.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 128.</ref> | ||
== Muhammad's (s) Birth == | == Muhammad's (s) Birth == | ||
She gave birth to him on [[Rabi' I 17]], [[ | She gave birth to him on [[Rabi' I 17]], [[Am al-Fil]]. [[Sunnis]] believe it was on [[Rabi' I 12]].<ref>Āyatī, ''Tārīkh-i Payāmbar-i Islām'', p. 43.</ref> The news of his birth made [[Banu Hashim]] very happy so that [[Abu Lahab]] set free his slave Thuwayba al-Aslamiyya who brought his cousin's birth news.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 150.</ref> [[Abd al-Muttalib]] named him Muhammad. When [[Quraysh]] asked about his grandson's name, he repliedو "I want him to be praised in heaven and earth."<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 153.</ref> | ||
=== Nurse === | === Nurse === | ||
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== Trip to Medina and Death == | == Trip to Medina and Death == | ||
Amina took her offspring to visit [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib| | [[file:قبر آمنه مادر حضرت محمد (ص) در ابواء.jpg|px280|thumbnail|The grave of Amina in [[al-Abwa']].]] | ||
Amina took her offspring to visit [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abd Allah]]'s uncles to [[Medina]] in the seventh [[year of the Elephant]]. Uncles of Muhammad's (s) father were from [[Banu Najjar]]. She got sick when returning from Medina and passed away in [[al-Abwa']]. [['Umm Ayman]] brought Muhammad (s) back to Mecca and five days later they arrived to Mecca.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> | |||
== Faith == | == Faith == | ||
{{main| | {{main|Faith of the Prophet's (s) ancestors}} | ||
Sunnis believe that the ancestors of the Prophet (s) were [[polytheist]]s. About Amina there are two | Sunnis believe that the ancestors of the Prophet (s) were [[polytheist]]s. About Amina there are two [[hadith]]s in Sunni sources. | ||
Al-Suyuti writes, " | Al-Suyuti writes, "The [[Prophet (s)]] decided to do [[umra]] while coming back from the [[Battle of Tabuk]]. Therefore, he set off for [[Mecca]]. When he arrived in his mother's grave, he asked [[God]] for the permission to pray for her [[forgiveness]], but his request was rejected and this [[verse]] was sent to him, "Abraham's (a) pleading forgiveness for his father was only to fulfill a promise he had made him. So when it became manifest to him that he was an enemy of God, he repudiated him. Indeed Abraham (a) was most plaintive and forbearing."{{enote|Qur'an 9:114}} | ||
Also, it is narrated from [[Ibn Mas'ud]] that once the Prophet (s) visited Muslim's tombs and we followed him. He sat before a tomb and shed tears there and prayed. We cried along with him and prayed with his supplication. He asked the reason of our cry. We replied that we are inspired by your cry. He said | Also, it is narrated from [[Ibn Mas'ud]] that once the Prophet (s) visited Muslim's tombs and we followed him. He sat before a tomb and shed tears there and prayed. We cried along with him and prayed with his [[supplication]]. He asked the reason of our cry. We replied that we are inspired by your cry. He said, "This tomb belongs to my mother Amina. God let me visit it, yet I'm not allowed to pray for her forgiveness, and this verse was sent to me, "It is not for the Prophet (s) and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of Hellfire."{{enote|Qur'an 9:113}} This is the reason of my cry. | ||
In [[Shi'a]] view, these [[hadith]]s are not authentic, because Imami Shi'a unanimously believe in faith of [[Abu Talib]], Amina bt. Wahb, [[ | In [[Shi'a]] view, these [[hadith]]s are not authentic, because Imami Shi'a unanimously believe in faith of [[Abu Talib]], Amina bt. Wahb, [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]] and the entire Prophet's ancestors to [[Adam (a)]].<ref>Āyatī, ''Tārīkh-i Payāmbar-i Islām'', p. 41.</ref> This was pointed out in hadiths: | ||
"[[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came to the [[Prophet (s)]] and said | "[[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came to the [[Prophet (s)]] and said, "Muhammad! Your God sends his regards to you and states that I've made [[hellfire]] forbidden for the loins from which you come, the uterus which was pregnant of you, and the one who brought you up. That loins belong to Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib, that uterus is Amina bt. Wahb's, and the one who brought the prophet up was Abu Talib,-according to Ibn Faddal's hadith- and Fatima bt. Asad.", [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] stated.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 446.</ref> | ||
In addition to this, Shi'a has raised some problems to the mentioned hadiths. For instance, [[al- | In addition to this, Shi'a has raised some problems to the mentioned hadiths. For instance, [[al-Allama al-Amini]] says, "Didn't the Prophet (s) know he and his followers could not pray for idolaters' forgiveness and mediate for them, even after sending many verses on the day of Tabuk (which was in his last years of life)? So, how he asked for the permission to pray for his mother's forgiveness and to mediate for her? Did he think his mother is not counted as human? Has this [[hadith]] been made to contaminate the Prophet's (s) reputation or view his mother an idolater?<ref>Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 8, p. 18.</ref> He continues, "Some have interpreted requesting for forgiveness as praying for the corpse.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ l-bayān'', vol. 11, p. 33.</ref> In this case, it would be in harmony with the mentioned hadiths.<ref>Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 8, p. 19-20.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||