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Amina bt. Wahb: Difference between revisions
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'''Āmina bt. Wahb''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|آمنة بنت وَهْب}}) (d. forty six years before [[Hijra]]/576), the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet]]'s (s) mother and one of the most respectful ladies of [[Quraysh]]. Amina got married to [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]] fifty four or fifty three years before [[Hijra]] (570-71). Despite the short period of their marriage, she gave birth to [[Muhammad (s)]] fifty two years before Hijra (572). When Muhammad (s) was four or six, Amina passed away in an area called [[al-Abwa']] while coming back from [[Medina]]. | '''Āmina bt. Wahb''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|آمنة بنت وَهْب}}) (d. forty six years before [[Hijra]]/576), the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet]]'s (s) mother and one of the most respectful ladies of [[Quraysh]]. Amina got married to [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]] fifty-four or fifty-three years before [[Hijra]] (570-71). Despite the short period of their marriage, she gave birth to [[Muhammad (s)]] fifty-two years before Hijra (572). When Muhammad (s) was four or six, Amina passed away in an area called [[al-Abwa']] while coming back from [[Medina]]. | ||
== Birth and Lineage == | == Birth and Lineage == | ||
Amina was born in [[Mecca]].<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 74.</ref> Her father, Wahb, was a great member of [[Banu Zuhra]] tribe, and her ancestor,Abd Manaf b. Zuhrah was his cousin's peer, [[Abd Manaf b. Qusayy]]. They are called "Manafayn" out of respect. The mother of her father, Atika, al-Awqas b. Murra b. Hilal al-Sulamiyya's daughter, one of the three Atikas whom the Prophet (s) was proud of being her offspring and said, "I'm the offspring of Awatik from Banu Sulaym."<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 74.</ref> | Amina was born in [[Mecca]].<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 74.</ref> Her father, Wahb, was a great member of [[Banu Zuhra]] tribe, and her ancestor, Abd Manaf b. Zuhrah was his cousin's peer, [[Abd Manaf b. Qusayy]]. They are called "Manafayn" out of respect. The mother of her father, Atika, al-Awqas b. Murra b. Hilal al-Sulamiyya's daughter, one of the three Atikas whom the Prophet (s) was proud of being her offspring and said, "I'm the offspring of Awatik from Banu Sulaym."<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 74.</ref> | ||
Her mother was Barra. Her mother's ancestor was Umm Habib, daughter of Asad b. Abd al-Uzza b. Qusayy and the mother of her was Barra bt. Awf.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 81.</ref> | Her mother was Barra. Her mother's ancestor was Umm Habib, daughter of Asad b. Abd al-Uzza b. Qusayy and the mother of her was Barra bt. Awf.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 81.</ref> | ||
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== Marriage to Abd Allah == | == Marriage to Abd Allah == | ||
She was the best girl from among the [[Quraysh]] in terms of lineage and character when getting married to [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 156.</ref> Before Abd Allah proposed to Amina, some women such as Nawfal b. Asad's daughter, Fatima bt. Murr, and Layla al-Adawiyya had proposed to him.<ref>See: Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 8.</ref> According to one account, when Amina got married to Abd Allah, many [[Mecca]]n women were heartbroken.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 103.</ref> Their ceremony lasted for three days and nights. During this period, Abd Allah was in bride's house according to the tribe's tradition.<ref>Nuwayrī, ''Nihāyat al-arab'', vol. 16, p. 57.</ref> | She was the best girl from among the [[Quraysh]] in terms of lineage and character when getting married to [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 156.</ref> Before Abd Allah proposed to Amina, some women such as Nawfal b. Asad's daughter, Fatima bt. Murr, and Layla al-Adawiyya had proposed to him.<ref>See: Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 8.</ref> According to one account, when Amina got married to Abd Allah, many [[Mecca]]n women were heartbroken.<ref>ʿĀyisha ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, ''Āmina mādar-i Payāmbar'', p. 103.</ref> Their ceremony lasted for three days and nights. During this period, Abd Allah was in the bride's house according to the tribe's tradition.<ref>Nuwayrī, ''Nihāyat al-arab'', vol. 16, p. 57.</ref> | ||
== Abd Allah's Early Death == | == Abd Allah's Early Death == | ||
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:"The land of Batha drew Banu Hashim's honor to the mouth of death, | :"The land of Batha drew Banu Hashim's honor to the mouth of death, | ||
:away from uproar, deep inside the tomb. | :away from the uproar, deep inside the tomb. | ||
:Death called him to itself and he accepted its invitation, | :Death called him to itself and he accepted its invitation, | ||
:yet death did not select a person in place of him. | :yet death did not select a person in place of him. | ||
:They drew dead him upon their shoulders at night | :They drew dead him upon their shoulders at night, | ||
:and a great number of friends carried him on their shoulders by turn. | :and a great number of friends carried him on their shoulders by turn. | ||
:Disasters in life draws those the mouth of death, | :Disasters in life draws those the mouth of death, | ||
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Amina was seeking for a nurse to accept Muhammad (s) after giving birth to him. He was an orphan and was not wealthy. Initially, no one accepted him. At last, [[Halima al-Sa'diyya]], to whom no one had given a baby to milk until the sunset of that day, and had not accepted the nursery of [[Muhammad (s)]] earlier that day, finally accepted him. | Amina was seeking for a nurse to accept Muhammad (s) after giving birth to him. He was an orphan and was not wealthy. Initially, no one accepted him. At last, [[Halima al-Sa'diyya]], to whom no one had given a baby to milk until the sunset of that day, and had not accepted the nursery of [[Muhammad (s)]] earlier that day, finally accepted him. | ||
After two years of milking to Muhammad (s), she brought the baby to Amina, but asked her to let her take Muhammad (s) to the desert and keep him; since he had some blesses for them and protected her from cholera which was spread in [[Mecca]]. Amina consented to her request.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 162-164.</ref> Finally, Halima al-Sa'diyya brought back Muhammad (s) to his mother in 6th year of 'Am al-Fil.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 29.</ref> | After two years of milking to Muhammad (s), she brought the baby to Amina, but asked her to let her take Muhammad (s) to the desert and keep him; since he had some blesses for them and protected her from cholera which was spread in [[Mecca]]. Amina consented to her request.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 162-164.</ref> Finally, Halima al-Sa'diyya brought back Muhammad (s) to his mother in the 6th year of 'Am al-Fil.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 29.</ref> | ||
== Trip to Medina and Death == | == Trip to Medina and Death == | ||
[[file:قبر آمنه مادر حضرت محمد (ص) در ابواء.jpg|px280|thumbnail|The grave of Amina in [[al-Abwa']].]] | [[file:قبر آمنه مادر حضرت محمد (ص) در ابواء.jpg|px280|thumbnail|The grave of Amina in [[al-Abwa']].]] | ||
Amina took her offspring to visit [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abd Allah]]'s uncles to [[Medina]] in the seventh [[year of the Elephant]]. Uncles of Muhammad's (s) father were from [[Banu Najjar]]. She got sick when returning from Medina and passed away in [[al-Abwa']]. [['Umm Ayman]] brought Muhammad (s) back to Mecca and five days later they arrived | Amina took her offspring to visit [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abd Allah]]'s uncles to [[Medina]] in the seventh [[year of the Elephant]]. Uncles of Muhammad's (s) father were from [[Banu Najjar]]. She got sick when returning from Medina and passed away in [[al-Abwa']]. [['Umm Ayman]] brought Muhammad (s) back to Mecca and five days later they arrived at Mecca.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> | ||
== Faith == | == Faith == | ||
{{main|Faith of the Prophet's (s) ancestors}} | {{main|Faith of the Prophet's (s) ancestors}} | ||
Sunnis believe that the ancestors of the Prophet (s) were [[polytheist]]s. About Amina, there are two [[hadith]]s in Sunni sources: | |||
Sunnis believe that the ancestors of the Prophet (s) were [[polytheist]]s. About Amina there are two [[hadith]]s in Sunni sources | |||
Al-Suyuti writes, "The [[Prophet (s)]] decided to do [[umra]] while coming back from the [[Battle of Tabuk]]. Therefore, he set off for [[Mecca]]. When he arrived in his mother's grave, he asked [[God]] for the permission to pray for her [[forgiveness]], but his request was rejected and this [[verse]] was sent to him, "Abraham's (a) pleading forgiveness for his father was only to fulfill a promise he had made him. So when it became manifest to him that he was an enemy of God, he repudiated him. Indeed Abraham (a) was most plaintive and forbearing."{{enote|Qur'an 9:114}} | Al-Suyuti writes, "The [[Prophet (s)]] decided to do [[umra]] while coming back from the [[Battle of Tabuk]]. Therefore, he set off for [[Mecca]]. When he arrived in his mother's grave, he asked [[God]] for the permission to pray for her [[forgiveness]], but his request was rejected and this [[verse]] was sent to him, "Abraham's (a) pleading forgiveness for his father was only to fulfill a promise he had made him. So when it became manifest to him that he was an enemy of God, he repudiated him. Indeed Abraham (a) was most plaintive and forbearing."{{enote|Qur'an 9:114}} | ||
Also, it is narrated from [[Ibn Mas'ud]] that once the Prophet (s) visited Muslim's tombs and we followed him. He sat before a tomb and shed tears there and prayed. We cried along with him and prayed with his [[supplication]]. He asked the reason | Also, it is narrated from [[Ibn Mas'ud]] that once the Prophet (s) visited Muslim's tombs and we followed him. He sat before a tomb and shed tears there and prayed. We cried along with him and prayed with his [[supplication]]. He asked the reason for our cry. We replied that we are inspired by your cry. He said, "This tomb belongs to my mother Amina. God let me visit it, yet I'm not allowed to pray for her forgiveness, and this verse was sent to me, "It is not for the Prophet (s) and those who have believed to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were relatives after it has become clear to them that they are companions of Hellfire."{{enote|Qur'an 9:113}} This is the reason for my cry. | ||
In [[Shi'a]] view, these [[hadith]]s are not authentic | In [[Shi'a]] view, these [[hadith]]s are not authentic because Imami Shi'a unanimously believes in the faith of [[Abu Talib]], Amina bt. Wahb, [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]] and the entire Prophet's ancestors to [[Adam (a)]].<ref>Āyatī, ''Tārīkh-i Payāmbar-i Islām'', p. 41.</ref> This was pointed out in hadiths: | ||
"[[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came to the [[Prophet (s)]] and said, "Muhammad! Your God sends his regards to you and states that I've made [[hellfire]] forbidden for the loins from which you come, the uterus which was pregnant of you, and the one who brought you up. That loins belong to Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib, that uterus is Amina bt. Wahb's, and the one who brought the | "[[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came to the [[Prophet (s)]] and said, "Muhammad! Your God sends his regards to you and states that I've made [[hellfire]] forbidden for the loins from which you come, the uterus which was pregnant of you, and the one who brought you up. That loins belong to Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib, that uterus is Amina bt. Wahb's, and the one who brought the Prophet up, was Abu Talib-according to Ibn Faddal's hadith- and Fatima bt. Asad.", [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] stated.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 446.</ref> | ||
In addition to this, Shi'a has raised some problems to the mentioned hadiths. For instance, [[al-Allama al-Amini]] says, "Didn't the Prophet (s) know he and his followers could not pray for idolaters' forgiveness and mediate for them, even after sending many verses on the day of Tabuk (which was in his last years of life)? So, how he | In addition to this, Shi'a has raised some problems to the mentioned hadiths. For instance, [[al-Allama al-Amini]] says, "Didn't the Prophet (s) know he and his followers could not pray for idolaters' forgiveness and mediate for them, even after sending many verses on the day of Tabuk (which was in his last years of life)? So, how did he ask for permission to pray for his mother's forgiveness and mediate for her? Did he think his mother is not counted as human? Has this [[hadith]] been made to contaminate the Prophet's (s) reputation or view his mother as an idolater?<ref>Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 8, p. 18.</ref> He continues, "Some have interpreted requesting for forgiveness as praying for the corpse.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ l-bayān'', vol. 11, p. 33.</ref> In this case, it would be in harmony with the mentioned hadiths.<ref>Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 8, p. 19-20.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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{{Effective Women from Shia's View}} | {{Effective Women from Shia's View}} | ||
{{The Prophet (s)}} | {{The Prophet (s)}} | ||
{{ | {{Ahl al-Bayt's women}} | ||
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