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Battle of Banu Qurayza: Difference between revisions
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{{History of Early Islam}} | {{History of Early Islam}} | ||
'''The | '''The Battle with Banū Qurayẓa''', the last battle of the [[Prophet (s)]] with the Jews of [[Medina]], took place in 5 AH/626. The battle was because [[Banu Qurayza]] violated their treaty with the Prophet (s); they became allied with the polytheists in the [[Battle of Ahzab]]. After the battle of Ahzab, Muslims headed to the stronghold of Banu Qurayza and besieged them. After about a month, Banu Qurayza Jews surrendered and proposed the arbitration of [[Sa'd b. Muadh]], and the Prophet (s) accepted. According to some reports, Sa'd b. Muadh taking the treaty between the Prophet (s) and Banu Qurayza, into consideration in one hand, and the rules of [[Torah]] in the other hand, declared that the combatant men of the tribe must be executed, and the children and women enslaved, and their estate forfeited. Some historians doubted about that Sa'd b. Muadh declaring that all men of the tribe must be executed. | ||
==History of Banu Qurayza== | ==History of Banu Qurayza== | ||
There are different reports about the origin of [[Banu Qurayza]] and their migration to [[Yathrib]]. According to some oral narratives of Jews, Banu Qurayza are descendants of [[Harun (a)]] (Aaron), the brother of [[Moses (a)]], who were in Yathrib before the [[flood of 'Arim]], which caused the emigration of Arab tribes of [[Aws and Khazraj]] to Yathrib. | |||
According to some reports, after the war between the Romans with Jews (70 A.C.), Banu Qurayza escaped to [[Hijaz]] and resided in Yathrib. Some other sources identify Banu Qurayza form the Judham tribe from [[Palestine]], who converted to [[Judaism]] in the time of 'Adiya b. Samu'il (ruled 1075-1045 AD). | |||
Banu Qurayza along other Jew tribes of Yathrib gained the political control of the city. Their ruler was a tax payer to the Iranian ruler of al-Zarih (in Bahrain). In 525, the Christian ruler of [[Habasha]] (Ethiopia), who was the representative of Rome, defeated of the Jew reign of [[Yemen]]; which caused the decrease of the power of the Jews in Yathrib. And finally in a battle between the Jews and Khazraj tribe, the Jew governor was killed and Arabs gained the control of the city. | |||
The rule of Arab tribes on the city made most of the Jews leave Yathrib. In the times near the appearance of Islam, the Jew tribes were living in their strongholds out of the city. Banu Qurayza, had the upper hand in population compared to the other two tribes, [[Banu Nadir]] and [[Banu Qaynuqa']], and were placed in south-east of Yathrib, they were mostly farmers. The only report about Banu Qurayza is about their battle with Muslims in the year 5 AH/626. Other reports about them are about the history of Aws and Khazraj, and mostly are about times before Islam. | |||
The rule of Arab tribes on the city made most of the Jews leave Yathrib. In the times near the appearance of Islam, the Jew tribes were living in their strongholds out of the city. Banu Qurayza, had the upper hand in population compared to the other two tribes, Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa', and were placed in south-east of Yathrib, they were mostly farmers. The only report about Banu Qurayza is about their battle with Muslims in the year 5/626. Other reports about them are about the history of Aws and Khazraj, and mostly are about times before Islam. | |||
==Reason of the Battle== | ==Reason of the Battle== | ||