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{{ | {{History of Early Islam}} | ||
'''Ḥajjat al-widaʿ''' was the only [[hajj]] journey of [[the Prophet (s)]] after [[Hijra]]. After Hijra, the noble Prophet (s) went to [[Mecca]] for [['Umra]] three times;<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1088</ref> but, according to historians and [[hadith]] scholars, he (s) only once attended hajj rituals and it was few months before he (s) passed away.<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1088-1089; Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.244</ref> Since, this hajj took place in the last year of his life, the Prophet (s) made farewell to people and it became known as Hajjat al-wida' (Hajj of Farewell). According to [[Shi'a]] beliefs, on return from this hajj, the Prophet (s) publicly announced the [[imamate]] and guardianship of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] in [[Ghadir Khumm]], following the order of [[God]] and requested people's allegiance with Imam 'Ali (a); therefore, this hajj is very important for Shi'a. | '''Ḥajjat al-widaʿ''' was the only [[hajj]] journey of [[the Prophet (s)]] after [[Hijra]]. After Hijra, the noble Prophet (s) went to [[Mecca]] for [['Umra]] three times;<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1088</ref> but, according to historians and [[hadith]] scholars, he (s) only once attended hajj rituals and it was few months before he (s) passed away.<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1088-1089; Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.244</ref> Since, this hajj took place in the last year of his life, the Prophet (s) made farewell to people and it became known as Hajjat al-wida' (Hajj of Farewell). According to [[Shi'a]] beliefs, on return from this hajj, the Prophet (s) publicly announced the [[imamate]] and guardianship of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] in [[Ghadir Khumm]], following the order of [[God]] and requested people's allegiance with Imam 'Ali (a); therefore, this hajj is very important for Shi'a. | ||
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== Beginning of the Journey and Wearing Ihram == | == Beginning of the Journey and Wearing Ihram == | ||
{{Timeline of Imam 'Ali's (a) life}} | |||
According to a detailed [[hadith]] narrated by [[Mu'awiya b. 'Ammar]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], [[the Prophet (s)]] lived in [[Medina]] for 10 years and did not go to [[hajj]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245-248</ref> When the [[verse]] "And proclaim the ḥajj to people:…" (22:27) was revealed to the Prophet (s), he (s) announced that he (s) would go to hajj that year. People of Medina, villages and dessert gathered in Medina to accompany the Prophet (s) during hajj rituals. 4 nights before the end of [[Dhu l-Qa'da]] 10/632 that the Prophet (s) moved from Medina to [[Mecca]].<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1089; Tusi, ''Tahdhib'', vol.5 p.454</ref> | According to a detailed [[hadith]] narrated by [[Mu'awiya b. 'Ammar]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], [[the Prophet (s)]] lived in [[Medina]] for 10 years and did not go to [[hajj]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245-248</ref> When the [[verse]] "And proclaim the ḥajj to people:…" (22:27) was revealed to the Prophet (s), he (s) announced that he (s) would go to hajj that year. People of Medina, villages and dessert gathered in Medina to accompany the Prophet (s) during hajj rituals. 4 nights before the end of [[Dhu l-Qa'da]] 10/632 that the Prophet (s) moved from Medina to [[Mecca]].<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1089; Tusi, ''Tahdhib'', vol.5 p.454</ref> | ||
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* Ibn al-Maghazili, 'Ali b. Muhammad, ''Manaqib al-imam 'Ali b. Abi Talib''. Beirut: Muhammad Baqir Bihbudi, 1403/1983 | * Ibn al-Maghazili, 'Ali b. Muhammad, ''Manaqib al-imam 'Ali b. Abi Talib''. Beirut: Muhammad Baqir Bihbudi, 1403/1983 | ||
* Ibn Maja. ''Sunan''. Istanbul: 1401/1981 | * Ibn Maja. ''Sunan''. Istanbul: 1401/1981 | ||
* Ibn Sa'd al-Hashimi, Muhammad. ''Al-Tabaqat al-kubra''. Beirut | * Ibn Sa'd al-Hashimi, Muhammad. ''Al-Tabaqat al-kubra''. Beirut | ||
* Kulayni, Muhammad b. Ya'qub al-. ''Al-Kafi''. | * Kulayni, Muhammad b. Ya'qub al-. ''Al-Kafi''. | ||
* Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-. ''Mir'at al-'uqul''. Tehran: Muhsin Husayni Amini, 1365 | * Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-. ''Mir'at al-'uqul''. Tehran: Muhsin Husayni Amini, 1365 | ||
* Marjani, 'Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Malik al-. ''Bahjat al-nufus wa al-asrar fi tarikh dar al-hijra al-mukhtar''. Riyad: Muhammad Shawqi Makki, 1425 | * Marjani, 'Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Malik al-. ''Bahjat al-nufus wa al-asrar fi tarikh dar al-hijra al-mukhtar''. Riyad: Muhammad Shawqi Makki, 1425 | ||
* Mas'udi, 'Ali b. al-Husyan al-. ''al-Tanbih wa al-ishraf''. | * Mas'udi, 'Ali b. al-Husyan al-. ''al-Tanbih wa al-ishraf''. | ||
* Niyshaburi, Muslim b. Hajjaj al-. ''Sahih''. Istanbul: Muhammad Fu'ad 'Abd al-Baqi, 1401/1981 | * Niyshaburi, Muslim b. Hajjaj al-. ''Sahih''. Istanbul: Muhammad Fu'ad 'Abd al-Baqi, 1401/1981 | ||
* Muttaqi, 'Ali b. Hisam al-Din al-. ''Kanz al-'ummal''. Beirut: Muhmud 'Umar, 1419/1998 | * Muttaqi, 'Ali b. Hisam al-Din al-. ''Kanz al-'ummal''. Beirut: Muhmud 'Umar, 1419/1998 | ||