Hajjat al-Wada': Difference between revisions

At the Miqat, the Prophet (s) taught people the manners of wearing Ihram. He (s) made [[ghusl]] (ritual bath) and then put on Ihram for the [[Hajj al-Qiran]];<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245; Majlisi, ''Mir'at al-'uqul'', vol.17 p.111</ref> His Ihram clothing was two pieces of Yemeni unsewed coton that later on became his [[kafan]] (shroud);<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.339</ref> and moved on so that he (s) did his noon prayers in the [[mosque of Shajara]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.248-249</ref>

The Prophet (s) stayed one night in [[Dhi Tuwa]]<ref>Muslim, ''Sahih'', vol.1 p.919</ref> and arrived in Mecca on the 4th of [[Dhu l-Hijja]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245</ref>

The next day, [[the Prophet (s)]] and his [[companion]]s entered [[Masjid al-Haram]] from the gate of [[Bani Shayba]],<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1097;  Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.250</ref> went to the [[Ka'ba]] and touched [[Hajar al-Aswad]] (black stone) and proceeded to circumambulation of the Ka'ba ([[Tawaf]]).<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245</ref> [[The Prophet (s)]] riding a camel circumambulated the Ka'ba<ref>Wathiqi, ''Hajjat al-wida' '', p.106-110</ref> and finally once again touched Hajar al-Aswad,<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245</ref> kissed it and cried long near it.<ref>Ibn Maja, ''Sunan'', vol.2 p.982</ref> Then, he did two rak'as of prayer behind the [[Station of Abraham (a)]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245, 249-250; Muslim, ''Sahih'', vol.1 p.887</ref>

Upon the sunset of the 8th of [[Dhu l-Hijja]], the noble [[Prophet (s)]] and Muslims moved towards [[Mina]] and stayed there for the night and moved towards [['Arafat]] the next morning after the sunrise. When the caravan arrived in Namira (land of ʿUrana) beside 'Arafat, stopped and [[the Prophet (s)]] and others erected tent there and the Prophet (s) made his historical speech there. Then he (s) went to 'Arafat and stayed there and prayed until the sunset.<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.246-247; Muslim, ''Sahih'', vol.1 p.889-890</ref>

According to a narration from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], [[Eid al-Ghadir]] (18 of Dhu l-Hijja) was Friday.<ref>Saduq, ''Khisal'', vol.2 p.394</ref> According to this narration, the day of staying in 'Arafat was Wednesday, 9th of [[Dhu l-Hijja]]; but according to [[al-Suyuti]], the Sunni historian, [[the Second Caliph]] is said to have reported that staying in 'Arafat was made on [[Friday]].

Upon the sunset, [[the Prophet (s)]] got on the camel and rode towards [[Muzdalifa]] ([[Mash'ar al-Haram]])<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.247; Biyhaqqi, ''al-Sunan al-kubra'', vol.7 p.260; Muslim, ''Sahih'', vol.1 p.890-891</ref> and advised Muslims that slowly pass the way.<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.247; Tusi, ''Tahdhib'', vol.5 p.187</ref> The Prophet (s) did his [[Maghrib prayer|Maghrib]] and [['Isha prayer]]s in an appropriate place in Mash'ar al-Haram<ref>Tusi, ''Tahdhib'', vol.5 p.188</ref> and made a rest. At the down, he prayed and supplicated before [[God]], which is so much recommended in [[Hajj]].<ref>Wathiqi, ''Hajjat al-wida' '', p.211-216</ref>

Then, Mu'ammar b. 'Abd Allah b. Haratha (or Haritha)<ref group="notes">Others have said that he was Mu'ammar b. Abd Allah b. Nafi' who converted to Islam in the first days of the Prophet's mission. In the [[migration to Abyssinia]], he went to Abyssinia and  migrated to Medina by delay. He lived a long life. [Ibn Athir, Usd al-Ghaba, vol. 4, p. 400.] </ref> shaved the hair of the Prophet's (s) head following his order<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.250; Tusi, ''Tahdhib'', vol.5 p.458</ref> and after [[the Prophet (s)]] did his personal obligations and answered some of people's questions regarding [[hajj]] rituals,<ref>Qadi Nu'man, ''Da'a'im al-islam'', vol.1 p.330 </ref> he (s) went to [[Mecca]], circumambulated the [[Ka'ba]] and did [[noon prayer]] in [[Masjid al-Haram]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.248; Muslim, ''Sahih'', vol.1 p.892</ref> He (s) then returned to [[Mina]] and spend 3 days of [[Tashriq days]] there, did [[Ramy Jamara]] and exited Mina.<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.248</ref>

At the end of Sa'y, the Prophet (s) taught Muslims the rituals of [[Tamattu' hajj]] which includes the ritual for 'Umra and hajj. Until then, people only knew [[hajj al-Ifrad]] and [[Hajj al-Qiran|Qiran]] and considered doing 'Umra during the special time of hajj [Dhu l-Hijja] inappropriate and wrong, therefore some Muslims accepted this new rule unwillingly.<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.246; Muslim, ''Sahih'', vol.1 p.888-889</ref>

Since his entering to [[Mecca]] until 8th of [[Dhu l-Hijja]], [[the Prophet (s)]] did not stayed in any house but in a tent outside [[Mecca]] in [[Abtah]] (Batha').<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1099;  Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.246</ref>

The Prophet (s) advised the people of Mecca and its neighbors to leave [[Mataf]], [[Hajar al-Aswad]], [[Station of Abraham (a)]] and the first line of congregational prayer to the pilgrims of [[hajj]] from 10th of [[Dhu l-Qa'da]].<ref>Muttaqi, ''Kanz al-'ummal'', vol.3 p.22</ref>

On 18th of [[Dhu l-Hijja]], the caravan of [[the Prophet (s)]] arrived in [[Ghadir Khumm]] near [[Juhfa]]. There, following the order from [[God]],<ref>Qur'an 5:67</ref> the Prophet (s) appointed [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] as his successor.<ref>Ibn Maghazili, ''Manaqib'', p.16-18; Amini, ''al-Ghadir'', vol.1 p.508-541</ref> Afterward, the caravan moved towards [[Medina]] and apparently arrived there on 24th of Dhu l-Hijja.<ref>Wathiqi, ''Hajjat al-wida' '', p.335</ref> Last days of Dhu l-Hijja, the Prophet (s) was in Medina.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''al-Sira'', vol.4 p.253</ref>

There is a disagreement over the number of [[hajj]] pilgrims in this journey, ranging between 12,000 to 150,000 people many of whom came to hajj on foot.<ref>Saduq, ''Man la yahduruhu al-faqih'', vol.2 p.295; Tusi, ''Tahdhib'', vol.5 p.11; Amini, ''al-Ghadir'', vol.1 p.32</ref>