Hajjat al-Wada': Difference between revisions

'''Ḥajjat al-widaʿ''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|حَجَّة الوِداع}}) was the only [[hajj]] journey of [[the Prophet (s)]] after [[Hijra]]. After Hijra, the Prophet (s) went to [[Mecca]] for [['Umra]] three times;<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1088</ref> but, according to historians and [[hadith]] scholars, he (s) only once attended hajj rituals and it was few months before he (s) passed away.<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1088-1089; Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.244</ref> Since, this hajj took place in the last year of his life, the Prophet (s) made farewell to people and it became known as Hajjat al-wida' (Hajj of Farewell). According to [[Shi'a]] beliefs, on return from this hajj, the Prophet (s) publicly announced the [[imamate]] and guardianship of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] in [[Ghadir Khumm]], following the order of [[God]] and requested people's allegiance with Imam 'Ali (a); therefore, this hajj is very important for Shi'a.

Another name of this hajj is '''Hajjat al-Balagh''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|حَجَّة البَلاغ}}), since the [[verse of Tabligh]] was revealed to the Prophet (s) on return from that journey.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''al-Sira'', vol.4 p.253; Mas'udi, ''Tanbih'', p.275-276</ref> Another name of that hajj of the Prophet (s) is '''Hajjat al-Islam''',<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol.2 p.172; Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.248</ref> since it is the only hajj of the Prophet (s) during the rule of [[Islam]] and its rituals were practiced according to [[Islamic law]].

According to a detailed [[hadith]] narrated by [[Mu'awiya b. 'Ammar]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]], [[the Prophet (s)]] lived in [[Medina]] for 10 years and did not go to [[hajj]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245-248</ref> When the [[verse]] "And proclaim the ḥajj to people:…" (22:27) was revealed to the Prophet (s), he (s) announced that he (s) would go to hajj that year. People of Medina, villages and dessert gathered in Medina to accompany the Prophet (s) during hajj rituals. 4 nights before the end of [[Dhu l-Qa'da]] 10/632 that the Prophet (s) moved from Medina to [[Mecca]].<ref>Waqidi, ''al-Maghazi'', vol.3 p.1089; Tusi, ''Tahdhib'', vol.5 p.454</ref>

In [[Sunni]] sources, it is mentioned that the Prophet (s) spent one night in [[Miqat of Dhu l-Hulayfa]] and then moved towards Mecca.<ref>Bukhari, ''Sahih'', vol.2 p.147; Abu Dawud, ''Sunan'', vol.2 p.375; Biyhaqqi, ''al-Sunan al-kubra'', vol.7 p.83</ref> However, according to the hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a), the Prophet (s) put on [[Ihram]] as soon as he (s) arrived in the Miqat and did not stay there that night.<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.248-249</ref>

At the Miqat, the Prophet (s) taught people the manners of wearing Ihram. He (s) made [[ghusl]] (ritual bath) and then put on Ihram for the [[Hajj al-Qiran]];<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245; Majlisi, ''Mir'at al-'uqul'', vol.17 p.111</ref> His Ihram clothing was two pieces of Yemeni unsewed coton that later on became his [[kafan]] (shroud);<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.339</ref> and moved on so that he (s) did his noon prayers in the [[mosque of Shajara]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.248-249</ref>

The Prophet (s) stayed one night in [[Dhi Tuwa]]<ref>Muslim, ''Sahih'', vol.1 p.919</ref> and arrived in Mecca on the 4th of [[Dhu l-Hijja]].<ref>Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol.4 p.245</ref>