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Malik al-Ashtar: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox companion of Imam (a) | {{Infobox companion of Imam (a) | ||
| image = مالک اشتر.jpg | | image = مالک اشتر.jpg | ||
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| Place of Birth = [[Yemen]] | | Place of Birth = [[Yemen]] | ||
| Place of Residence = Yemen, [[Kufa]] | | Place of Residence = Yemen, [[Kufa]] | ||
| | | Demise = | ||
| Cause of | | Cause of Demise = | ||
| Martyrdom = [[39]]/659-660 | |||
| Cause of Martyrdom = He was poisoned | |||
| Burial place = [[Egypt]] | | Burial place = [[Egypt]] | ||
| Professors = | | Professors = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Template:Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | {{Template:Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | ||
'''Mālik b. Hārith al-Nakhaʿī''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|مالک بن حارث النخعي}}) (b.? - d. [[39]]/659-660) well-known as '''Malik al-Ashtar''' ({{iarabic|مالک الأشتر}}) was one of the especial [[ | '''Mālik b. Hārith al-Nakhaʿī''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|مالک بن حارث النخعي}}) (b.? - d. [[39]]/659-660) well-known as '''Malik al-Ashtar''' ({{iarabic|مالک الأشتر}}) was one of the especial [[List of Companions of Imam Ali (a)|companions]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. During the [[caliphate]] of [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], he participated in the funeral of [[Abu Dhar]] and because he objected to the governor of [[Kufa]], he was exiled to [[Hums]]. After he returned from Hums, people made him the governor of Kufa. During the besiege of 'Uthman's house, Malik was among the the besiegers. Supporters of [[Mu'awiya]] accused him of being an accomplice in the murder of 'Uthman. | ||
After the murder of 'Uthman, Malik was one of the most influential people in calling people to pledge allegiance with Imam Ali (a). During the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), Malik participated in the [[Battle of Jamal]] and the [[Battle of Siffin]] and eventually he was appointed by Imam 'Ali (a) as governor-general in [[Egypt]]. However, he was martyred before arriving to Egypt. His son, [[Ibrahim b. Malik al-Ashtar]] was one of the people who were seeking the revenge of Imam al-Husayn (a) and was one of [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]]'s allies. | After the murder of 'Uthman, Malik was one of the most influential people in calling people to pledge allegiance with Imam Ali (a). During the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), Malik participated in the [[Battle of Jamal]] and the [[Battle of Siffin]] and eventually he was appointed by Imam 'Ali (a) as governor-general in [[Egypt]]. However, he was martyred before arriving to Egypt. His son, [[Ibrahim b. Malik al-Ashtar]] was one of the people who were seeking the revenge of Imam al-Husayn (a) and was one of [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]]'s allies. | ||
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== Siege of the 'Uthman's House == | == Siege of the 'Uthman's House == | ||
When different groups gathered to protest against [['Uthman]] and his commanders, Malik al-Ashtar was the head of Kufan protesters. However, when 'Uthman was surrounded and threatened to death, Malik al-Ashtar and | When different groups gathered to protest against [['Uthman]] and his commanders, Malik al-Ashtar was the head of Kufan protesters. However, when 'Uthman was surrounded and threatened to death, Malik al-Ashtar and [[Hukaym b. Jabala]] (head of the protesters of [[Basra]]) resigned but Ibn 'Udays and his Egyptian followers, insisted to continue the offense.<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Tabari'', vol.3, p.411; Al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol.9, p.41</ref> | ||
The fact that Malik al-Ashtar wasn't among the murderers of 'Uthman could be realized through his conversation with [[Jarir b. 'Abd Allah al-Bajali]]. [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] sent Jarir to [[Syria]] to talk with the Mu'awiya but he wasn't successful in his mission. Malik al-Ashtar told Imam 'Ali (a) that "if you decided to send me, it would be more fruitful." When Jarir heard this idea, he said: "I swear by God that if you went there, they would kill you because they think (Arabic:{{ia|زعم}}) that you were one of the killers of 'Uthman."<ref>Al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol.4, p.75</ref> Since the verb "{{ia|زعم}}" is used for false idea, it can be understood that Malik al-Ashtar wasn't among the killers of 'Uthman, otherwise they should use a verb like "know" (Arabic: {{ia|علموا}}) which indicates the certain knowledge. | The fact that Malik al-Ashtar wasn't among the murderers of 'Uthman could be realized through his conversation with [[Jarir b. 'Abd Allah al-Bajali]]. [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] sent Jarir to [[Syria]] to talk with the Mu'awiya but he wasn't successful in his mission. Malik al-Ashtar told Imam 'Ali (a) that "if you decided to send me, it would be more fruitful." When Jarir heard this idea, he said: "I swear by God that if you went there, they would kill you because they think (Arabic:{{ia|زعم}}) that you were one of the killers of 'Uthman."<ref>Al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol.4, p.75</ref> Since the verb "{{ia|زعم}}" is used for false idea, it can be understood that Malik al-Ashtar wasn't among the killers of 'Uthman, otherwise they should use a verb like "know" (Arabic: {{ia|علموا}}) which indicates the certain knowledge. | ||
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{{main|Battle of Jamal}} | {{main|Battle of Jamal}} | ||
In the [[Battle of Jamal]], Malik al-Ashtar was the commander of Maymana (the right wing of the army of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]).<ref>Al-Muhajir, ''Malik al-Ashtar'', p. 83</ref> In this battle, Malik al-Ashtar fought a one-on-one battle with [['Abd Allah b. Zubayr]], who had the bridle of the camel of [[Aisha]] | In the [[Battle of Jamal]], Malik al-Ashtar was the commander of Maymana (the right wing of the army of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]).<ref>Al-Muhajir, ''Malik al-Ashtar'', p. 83</ref> In this battle, Malik al-Ashtar fought a one-on-one battle with [['Abd Allah b. Zubayr]], who had the bridle of the camel of [[Aisha]]. During this one-on-one battle, both of them fell on the earth but Malik al-Ashtar had a better position. 'Abd Allah begun shouting and his solders came and rescued him.<ref>Al-Muhajir, ''Malik al-Ashtar'', p. 84</ref> | ||
At the end of the battle, Malik al-Ashtar went to Aisha and said: | At the end of the battle, Malik al-Ashtar went to Aisha and said: | ||
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::"Praise to God that helped his friends and defeated his enemy." He also recited this verse of [[Qur'an]]: 'And say: The truth has come and the falsehood has vanished; surely falsehood is a vanishing (thing)' ([['Isra]]: 81). "O Aisha! How did you see the [[God]]'s act to yourself?" | ::"Praise to God that helped his friends and defeated his enemy." He also recited this verse of [[Qur'an]]: 'And say: The truth has come and the falsehood has vanished; surely falsehood is a vanishing (thing)' ([['Isra]]: 81). "O Aisha! How did you see the [[God]]'s act to yourself?" | ||
:: "Who are you? May your mother mourn for you!" she answered. | ::: Aisha said: "Who are you? May your mother mourn for you!" she answered. | ||
:: "I am your son, al-Ashtar," Malik al-Ashtar said (wives of the prophet were titled as [[Umm al-Mu'minin]] (Mother of the Believers) and hence Malik called himself as her son). | :: "I am your son, al-Ashtar," Malik al-Ashtar said (wives of the prophet were titled as [[Umm al-Mu'minin]] (Mother of the Believers) and hence Malik called himself as her son). | ||
:: "You have lied, I am not your mother," Aisha said. | ::: "You have lied, I am not your mother," Aisha said. | ||
:: "You are my mother even if you don't like it," he answered. | :: "You are my mother even if you don't like it," he answered. | ||
:: "You were the guy who wanted to kill my nephew ('Abd Allah b. Zubayr)?" she asked. | ::: "You were the guy who wanted to kill my nephew ('Abd Allah b. Zubayr)?" she asked. | ||
:: "My apologies to God and to you. If I wasn't hungry for three days, I would have relieved you from this nephew," he answered.<ref>Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Jamal'', p.37; see: Dawani, ''Ashab-i Imam 'Ali'', p.509</ref> | :: "My apologies to God and to you. If I wasn't hungry for three days, I would have relieved you from this nephew," he answered.<ref>Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Jamal'', p.37; see: Dawani, ''Ashab-i Imam 'Ali'', p.509</ref> | ||
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[[es:Malik Ashtar]] | [[es:Malik Ashtar]] | ||
[[id:Malik al-Asytar]] | [[id:Malik al-Asytar]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{section|editorial box}}}|editorial box|{{Editorial Box | |||
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| good article =9 June 2018 | |||
| featured article =April 13, 2015 | |||
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[[Category:Buried in Egypt]] | [[Category:Buried in Egypt]] | ||
[[Category:Companions of Imam Ali (a)]] | [[Category:Companions of Imam Ali (a)]] | ||
[[Category:Governors of Imam Ali (a)]] | [[Category:Governors of Imam Ali (a)]] | ||