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Abu Turab: Difference between revisions
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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
"Abu Turab" is an [[Arabic]] word, which literally means "the father of dust". There are some [[Hadith|hadiths]] explaining why Imam Ali (a) was titled as Abu Turab. | "Abu Turab" is an [[Arabic]] word, which literally means "the father of dust". There are some traditions, or [[Hadith|hadiths]], explaining why Imam Ali (a) was titled as Abu Turab. | ||
===First | ===First Tradition=== | ||
'Abaya b. Rib'i asked [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]]: "Why did the Prophet (s) give the title "Abu Turab" to 'Ali (a)?" | 'Abaya b. Rib'i asked [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]]: "Why did the Prophet (s) give the title "Abu Turab" to 'Ali (a)?" | ||
He replied: "Because he [Ali (a)] is the owner of the earth and God's representative among people. The permanency and calmness of the earth is tied to his presence. I heard the Prophet (s) saying: 'In the [[Hereafter]], the non-believer sees the position and the reward of the followers of Ali's and says: 'I wish I were of the dusty' (so I was related to the father of dust ['Ali (a)] and was one of his [[Shi'a]]) and this is what [[Qur'an]] reads 'and the faithless one will say 'I wish I were dust' (78/40).'"<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Volume 35'', p. 51; Al-Saduq, ''Volume 1'', p. 151</ref> | He replied: "Because he [Ali (a)] is the owner of the earth and God's representative among people. The permanency and calmness of the earth is tied to his presence. I heard the Prophet (s) saying: 'In the [[Hereafter]], the non-believer sees the position and the reward of the followers of Ali's and says: 'I wish I were of the dusty' (so I was related to the father of dust ['Ali (a)] and was one of his [[Shi'a]]) and this is what [[Qur'an]] reads 'and the faithless one will say 'I wish I were dust' (78/40).'"<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Volume 35'', p. 51; Al-Saduq, ''Volume 1'', p. 151</ref> | ||
===Second | ===Second Tradition=== | ||
Katwari<ref>Katwari, p.113</ref> says: "The first person titled as 'Abu Turab' was [['Ali b. Abi Talib]] (a). When [[the Prophet (s)]] saw him laying on the ground and saw the dust on his clothing and body, he gently and kindly said to him: 'Get up, O Abu Turab!' and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (a) liked this title the most. After this incident and because of the Prophet (s), it became a special feature for him, because the dust (earth) told him the news of the past and the future to the [[Day of Resurrection]]."<ref>Amini, ''Volume 6'', pp. 327-328</ref> | Katwari<ref>Katwari, p.113</ref> says: "The first person titled as 'Abu Turab' was [['Ali b. Abi Talib]] (a). When [[the Prophet (s)]] saw him laying on the ground and saw the dust on his clothing and body, he gently and kindly said to him: 'Get up, O Abu Turab!' and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (a) liked this title the most. After this incident and because of the Prophet (s), it became a special feature for him, because the dust (earth) told him the news of the past and the future to the [[Day of Resurrection]]."<ref>Amini, ''Volume 6'', pp. 327-328</ref> | ||
===Third | ===Third Tradition=== | ||
In a different hadith, it is said: "In the middle of the month of [[Jumada al-Ula]] 2 A.H. (November 623), the Prophet (s) and a group of his companions left [[Medina]] seeking the caravan of [[Quraysh]] led by [[Abu Sufyan]]. They reached a place named 'Ashira but they did not find the caravan. During their stay in 'Ashira, the Prophet (s) encountered 'Ali (a) and [['Ammar]] while they were asleep on soil and there was dust over Ali's face and head. The Prophet (s) gently and kindly woke them up and said to Ali (a): 'O Abu Turab! Get up. Do you not want me to tell you who are the most vicious people on earth? One of them is Ihmir (Qadar b. Salif) who killed the she-camel of the Prophet [[Salih]] and the other is the one who hits you on the head by sword and dyes your beard with your blood.'"<ref>Ibn Athir, ''Volume 1'', p. 522; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Volume 3'', p. 133</ref> | In a different tradition ''(hadith)'', it is said: "In the middle of the month of [[Jumada al-Ula]] 2 A.H. (November 623), the Prophet (s) and a group of his companions left [[Medina]] seeking the caravan of [[Quraysh]] led by [[Abu Sufyan]]. They reached a place named 'Ashira but they did not find the caravan. During their stay in 'Ashira, the Prophet (s) encountered 'Ali (a) and [['Ammar]] while they were asleep on soil and there was dust over Ali's face and head. The Prophet (s) gently and kindly woke them up and said to Ali (a): 'O Abu Turab! Get up. Do you not want me to tell you who are the most vicious people on earth? One of them is Ihmir (Qadar b. Salif) who killed the she-camel of the Prophet [[Salih]] and the other is the one who hits you on the head by sword and dyes your beard with your blood.'"<ref>Ibn Athir, ''Volume 1'', p. 522; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Volume 3'', p. 133</ref> | ||
===Fourth | ===Fourth Tradition=== | ||
"From the time 'Ali (a) became famous as 'Abu Turab' ... Ali loved this title; because the Prophet (a) had given it to him" | "From the time 'Ali (a) became famous as 'Abu Turab' ... Ali loved this title; because the Prophet (a) had given it to him."<ref>Balazuri, ''Volume 2'', p. 343</ref> | ||
According to the two last | According to the two last traditions, the literal meaning of "Abu Turab" -i.e. the father of dust- may not be an exact meaning of "Abu Turab" as a title, rather "dusty person" would convey the meaning explained in these hadiths better. | ||
==During Umayyad Period== | ==During Umayyad Period== | ||