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Trial of Ibrahim (a) Verse: Difference between revisions
→Proofs for the Infallibility of Imams
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== Proofs for the Infallibility of Imams == | == Proofs for the Infallibility of Imams == | ||
=== Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's Reasoning === | === Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's Reasoning === | ||
From the phrase "I am making you the Imam of mankind.", Fakhr al-Din al-Razi infers Ibrahim's (a) infallibility so that imam is one who is followed, if he commits a sin, following him in that sin becomes obligatory, but it is wrong; since, an action a sin if it is forbidden and since following an imam is obligatory, therefore, following that action becomes obligatory; while an action cannot be obligatory and forbidden at the same time.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātiḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 4, p. 36-37.</ref> | From the phrase "I am making you the Imam of mankind.", [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]] infers Ibrahim's (a) [[infallibility]] so that imam is one who is followed, if he commits a [[sin]], following him in that sin becomes obligatory, but it is wrong; since, an action a sin if it is forbidden and since following an imam is obligatory, therefore, following that action becomes obligatory; while an action cannot be obligatory and forbidden at the same time.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātiḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 4, p. 36-37.</ref> | ||
=== Twelver Shi'a Reasoning === | === Twelver Shi'a Reasoning === | ||
Twelver Shi'a | Twelver Shi'a [[theologian]]s and [[exegete]]s refer to the phrase "My pledge does not extend to the unjust." and say that, one who commits a sin, has done injustice, because he has broken the rules of God and according to the [[Qur'an]], "…and whoever transgresses the bounds of Allah —it is they who are the wrongdoers." <ref>Qurʾān, 2:229.</ref> and also God says "My pledge does not extend to the unjust." where the pledge refers to [[imamate]], since the phrase "I am making you the Imam of mankind." has come before that. Also Ibrahim (a) asked God to give imamate to his children and God answered, "My pledge does not extend to the unjust."; therefore, if the pledge here does not mean as imamate, then the answer would be irrelevant to the request.<ref>Fāḍil Miqdād, ''al-Lawāmiʿ al-ilāhīyya'', p. 332-333; Sayyid Murtaḍā, ''al-Shāfī'', vol. 3, p. 141.</ref> | ||
==== Question and Answer ==== | ==== Question and Answer ==== | ||
It is said that Zalim | It is said that "Zalim" (the unjust) is one who firstly, commits a great sin; and secondly, does not [[Tawba]] (repentance) of his sin. But, a sinner who does repent is not called a Zalim (the unjust).<ref>Jurjānī, ''Sharḥ al-mawāqif'', vol. 8, p. 351; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Mafātiḥ al-ghayb'', vol. 4, p. 42.</ref> | ||
The answer is that the negation in the phrase "My pledge does not extend to the unjust." is absolute and means that anyone who can be called an unjust person at any moment of his life, would not receive imamate and conditioning this phrase needs a reason which is non-existent.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān'', vol. 1, p. 449; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 202.</ref> | The answer is that the negation in the phrase "My pledge does not extend to the unjust." is absolute and means that anyone who can be called an unjust person at any moment of his life, would not receive imamate and conditioning this phrase needs a reason which is non-existent.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān'', vol. 1, p. 449; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 202.</ref> | ||
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# Those who could never be called unjust. | # Those who could never be called unjust. | ||
Undoubtedly, Ibrahim (a) did not ask God to give imamate to the second and third groups among his children. Only the first and fourth groups could be the ones he (a) asked God to give imamate to. On the other hand, the phrase "My pledge does not extend to the unjust." implies that the first group could not receive imamate; therefore, only the fourth group could receive imamate; i.e. those who never committed any action which could be an example of injustice.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 274.</ref> | Undoubtedly, Ibrahim (a) did not ask God to give [[imamate]] to the second and third groups among his children. Only the first and fourth groups could be the ones he (a) asked God to give imamate to. On the other hand, the phrase "My pledge does not extend to the unjust." implies that the first group could not receive imamate; therefore, only the fourth group could receive imamate; i.e. those who never committed any action which could be an example of injustice.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 274.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||