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Imams of the Shi'a: Difference between revisions
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{{main|Hadith of the Twleve Caliphs}} | {{main|Hadith of the Twleve Caliphs}} | ||
In addition to Shi'a hadiths, there are certain hadiths narrated in Sunni sources referring to twelve caliphs or imams after [[the Prophet (s)|the glorious Prophet (s)]]. During the 1st century AH, there are hadiths narrated from some of [[the Companions of the Prophet (s)]], giving the good news about twelve imams (a) after the Prophet (s) which were being circulated in various meetings. Among those hadiths, the hadith narrated by [[Jabir b. Samura]] which is mentioned in both ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'' and ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' is the most famous one. In this hadith, it is mentioned that Emirs (imams or caliphs) after the Prophet (s) are 12 from [[Quraysh]].<ref>see: al-Bukhari, Muhammad b. Isma'il. ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. vol. 8. p. 127; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. ''Sahih al-muslim''. vol. 3. p. 1452-1453; Abu Dawud. ''Sunan''. vol. 4. p. 106</ref> This hadith which is among the most famous hadiths in the Islamic world, was first mentioned in Sunni sources and then in Shi'a sources.<ref>cf. Nu'mani, Muhammad b. Ibrahim. ''al-Ghayba''. p. 62; al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Muhammad b. 'Ali b. | In addition to Shi'a hadiths, there are certain hadiths narrated in Sunni sources referring to twelve caliphs or imams after [[the Prophet (s)|the glorious Prophet (s)]]. During the 1st century AH, there are hadiths narrated from some of [[the Companions of the Prophet (s)]], giving the good news about twelve imams (a) after the Prophet (s) which were being circulated in various meetings. Among those hadiths, the hadith narrated by [[Jabir b. Samura]] which is mentioned in both ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'' and ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' is the most famous one. In this hadith, it is mentioned that Emirs (imams or caliphs) after the Prophet (s) are 12 from [[Quraysh]].<ref>see: al-Bukhari, Muhammad b. Isma'il. ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. vol. 8. p. 127; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. ''Sahih al-muslim''. vol. 3. p. 1452-1453; Abu Dawud. ''Sunan''. vol. 4. p. 106</ref> This hadith which is among the most famous hadiths in the Islamic world, was first mentioned in Sunni sources and then in Shi'a sources.<ref>cf. Nu'mani, Muhammad b. Ibrahim. ''al-Ghayba''. p. 62; al-Shaykh al-Saduq, Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Babawayh . ''al-Khisal''. p. 469 ff; Khazzaz Qumi, 'Ali b. Muhammad. ''Kifayat al-athar''. p. 49 ff; Ibn A'yyash Jawhari, Ahmad. ''Muqtazib al-athar fi al-nas''. p. 4</ref> | ||
In a lower level, a hadith narrated from [[Ibn Mas'ud]] can be mentioned which implies that the number of caliphs after the Prophet (s) are 12 as the same number of the prophets (s) of [[Banu Israel]].<ref>see: Ahmad b. Hanbal. ''al- Musnad Ahmad''. vol. 1. p. 398-406; Hakim al-Niyshaburi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Mustadrak 'ala al-Sahihayn''. vol. 4. p. 501; cf. Nu'mani, Muhammad b. Ibrahim. ''al-Ghayba''. p. 74-75; Khazzaz Qumi, 'Ali b. Muhammad. ''Kifayat al-athar''. p. 33 ff; Ibn A'yyash Jawhari, Ahmad. ''Muqtazib al-athar fi al-nas''. p. 3</ref> Sunni scholars give a different interpretation of these 12 imams and introduce people other than the Imams (a) of Shi'a. | In a lower level, a hadith narrated from [[Ibn Mas'ud]] can be mentioned which implies that the number of caliphs after the Prophet (s) are 12 as the same number of the prophets (s) of [[Banu Israel]].<ref>see: Ahmad b. Hanbal. ''al- Musnad Ahmad''. vol. 1. p. 398-406; Hakim al-Niyshaburi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah. ''al-Mustadrak 'ala al-Sahihayn''. vol. 4. p. 501; cf. Nu'mani, Muhammad b. Ibrahim. ''al-Ghayba''. p. 74-75; Khazzaz Qumi, 'Ali b. Muhammad. ''Kifayat al-athar''. p. 33 ff; Ibn A'yyash Jawhari, Ahmad. ''Muqtazib al-athar fi al-nas''. p. 3</ref> Sunni scholars give a different interpretation of these 12 imams and introduce people other than the Imams (a) of Shi'a. | ||
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* Nu'mani, Muhammad b. Ibrahim. ''Al-Ghayba''. Beirut, 1983 | * Nu'mani, Muhammad b. Ibrahim. ''Al-Ghayba''. Beirut, 1983 | ||
* Sharif al-Murtada al-. ''Al-Dhakhira fi 'ilm al-kalam''. ed Husayni, Ahmad. Qom, 1411AH | * Sharif al-Murtada al-. ''Al-Dhakhira fi 'ilm al-kalam''. ed Husayni, Ahmad. Qom, 1411AH | ||
* Shaykh al-Saduq, Muhammad b. 'Ali b. | * Shaykh al-Saduq, Muhammad b. 'Ali b. Babawayh al-. ''Al-Khisal''. ed Ghaffari, 'Ali Akbar. Qom 1403Ah | ||
* Shaykh al-Tusi, Muhammad b. Hasan al-. ''Al-Tibyan fi tafsir al-Qur'an''. | * Shaykh al-Tusi, Muhammad b. Hasan al-. ''Al-Tibyan fi tafsir al-Qur'an''. | ||
* Sibt Ibn Jawzi, Yusif. ''Tadhkirat al-khawas''. Najaf, 1964 | * Sibt Ibn Jawzi, Yusif. ''Tadhkirat al-khawas''. Najaf, 1964 | ||