Anonymous user
Salawat: Difference between revisions
quick review
imported>Mohammad.Kh m (Misspelling corrected) |
imported>Nazarzadeh (quick review) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:صلوات 1.jpg|thumbnail|Salawat written in Nast'aliq calligraphy]] | [[File:صلوات 1.jpg|thumbnail|Salawat written in Nast'aliq calligraphy]] | ||
'''Ṣalawāt''' (Arabic: صَلَوات) is a special Arabic phrase, containing a salutation upon the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]] , which Muslims say in the [[ | |||
'''Ṣalawāt''' (Arabic: صَلَوات) is a special Arabic phrase, containing a salutation upon the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]] , which Muslims say in the [[tashahhud]] of [[prayer]], and also when hearing or uttering the name of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]. In addition to the holy [[Quran]] ([[verse]] 56 of the [[sura al-Ahzab]]), many [[hadith]]s have stressed delivering this salutation. | |||
Muslims believe that Salawat shows one's respect to the Prophet (s), and generates Divine reward in the other world, as well as positive worldly results. Besides, it has a lofty position in common Islamic culture of many countries, in which Muslims relate Salawat on various occasions as an expression of happiness in festivals, or a blessed and auspicious start for their works. | Muslims believe that Salawat shows one's respect to the Prophet (s), and generates Divine reward in the other world, as well as positive worldly results. Besides, it has a lofty position in common Islamic culture of many countries, in which Muslims relate Salawat on various occasions as an expression of happiness in festivals, or a blessed and auspicious start for their works. | ||
The most common phrase for Salawat among [[Shi'a]] is; | The most common phrase for Salawat among [[Shi'a]] is; "{{iarabic|اللهم صل علی محمد و آل محمد}}" (O Allah, May you grant peace and honor on Muhammad and his family; trans.: Allahumm-a Sall-i 'Ala Muhammad-in Wa Al-i Muhammad). | ||
==Meaning== | ==Meaning== | ||
{{Prayer vertical}} | {{Prayer vertical}} | ||
Salawat is the plural form of "Salat" (Arabic: صلاة), and from the root of " | Salawat is the plural form of "Salat" (Arabic: صلاة), and from the root of "Sad Lam Waw" (Arabic: ص ل و), meaning prayer, salutation, greeting, and mercy. "Salat", the singular form of "Salawat", also means the ritual prayer, and it is called so since it includes some prayers, and thus "Salawat" has a plural meaning in Arabic, and means ritual prayers, prayers (in general), or salutations.<ref>Al-Turayhi, ''Majma' al-bahrayn'', vol.1 p.266</ref> Among non-Arab Muslims though, it is not regarded as a plural word, but it has rather assumed a terminological meaning of the special salutation upon [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[Ahl al-Bayt|his family]]. | ||
Arabic philologists have mentioned that when used as salutation and greeting, the meaning of the word "Salat" would vary according to who has used the word, and to whom it is used for: | Arabic philologists have mentioned that when used as salutation and greeting, the meaning of the word "Salat" would vary according to who has used the word, and to whom it is used for: | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
* "Salat" of angels upon the Prophet (s) means that they implore God's blessings for him.<ref>Al-Turayhi, ''Majma' al-bahrayn'', vol.1 p.266</ref> | * "Salat" of angels upon the Prophet (s) means that they implore God's blessings for him.<ref>Al-Turayhi, ''Majma' al-bahrayn'', vol.1 p.266</ref> | ||
As a religious term, "Salawat" is used for a special salutation upon the Prophet (s), and its common form among [[Shi'a]] is; | As a religious term, "Salawat" is used for a special salutation upon the Prophet (s), and its common form among [[Shi'a]] is; "{{iarabic|اللهم صل علی محمد و آل محمد}}". Though a plural word in Arabic, "Salawat" is used as a singular word among non-Arabic Muslims, meaning this special salutation upon the Prophet (s). | ||
==Variants and Different Phrases== | ==Variants and Different Phrases== | ||
The most common phrase of Salawat among Shi'a is; | The most common phrase of Salawat among Shi'a is; "{{iarabic|اللهم صل علی محمد و آل محمد}}" (O Allah, May you grant peace and honor on Muhammad and his family, trans.: Allahumm-a Sall-i 'Ala Muhammad-in Wa Al-i Muhammad). All Islamic denominations are consent to "{{iarabic|اللهم صل علی محمد}}" (O Allah, May you grant peace and honor on Muhammad) as the main phrase of Salawat, but there are conflicts about the following phrase. Unlike [[Sunni]]s, Shi'as often attach the following phrase; "and his family", adducing many hadiths in Shi'a and Sunni sources, in which it is suggested that a complete Salawat contains the following phrase. For instance it is narrated that [[the Prophet (s)]] said to a man who asked about Salawat; "Say, 'O Allah, May you grant peace and honor on Muhammad and his family, so as You granted peace and honor on the dynasty of Ibrahim, verily You are the Laudable, the Glorious. O Allah, May you grant blessing on Muhammad and his family, so as You granted blessing on Ibrahim, verily You are the Laudable, the Glorious'.<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Durr al-manthur'', vol.5 p.214</ref> | ||
Some hadiths state that Salawat is not complete without the "and his family" phrase.<ref>Al-Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.199</ref> Also some [[hadith]]s reported from [[Ahl al-Bayt]] stress that Salawat upon the holy Prophet (s) should accompany Salawat upon his family, such as a hadith from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that phrases Salawat as; 'The salutations of Allah, and the salutations of His angels, His prophets, and all His creatures, upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and all peace be upon him and them, along with Allah's mercy and blessings'.<ref>Al-Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.196</ref> It is also narrated that Salawat upon the Prophet (s) is recorded as a hundred good deeds, while a Salawat upon him and his family is recorded as a thousand.<ref>Al-Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.197</ref> | Some hadiths state that Salawat is not complete without the "and his family" phrase.<ref>Al-Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.199</ref> Also some [[hadith]]s reported from [[Ahl al-Bayt]] stress that Salawat upon the holy Prophet (s) should accompany Salawat upon his family, such as a hadith from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that phrases Salawat as; 'The salutations of Allah, and the salutations of His angels, His prophets, and all His creatures, upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and all peace be upon him and them, along with Allah's mercy and blessings'.<ref>Al-Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.196</ref> It is also narrated that Salawat upon the Prophet (s) is recorded as a hundred good deeds, while a Salawat upon him and his family is recorded as a thousand.<ref>Al-Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.197</ref> | ||
Furthermore, as suggested by several hadiths narrated from Ahl al-Bayt, some Shi'as, utter the phrase; | Furthermore, as suggested by several hadiths narrated from Ahl al-Bayt, some Shi'as, utter the phrase; "{{iarabic|و عجل فرجهم}}" (and may You hasten their glad advent)", following to Salawat.<ref>Al-Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.5 p.96</ref> | ||
==Significance and Merits== | ==Significance and Merits== | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
===In Quran=== | ===In Quran=== | ||
[[ | In addition to stating that [[God]] and His [[angel]]s send Salawat upon the Prophet (s), holy [[Quran]] commands believers to do the same: | ||
{{pull quote | {{pull quote | ||
|Indeed Allah and His angels bless the Prophet; O you who have faith! Invoke blessings on him and invoke Peace upon him in a worthy manner. | |Indeed Allah and His angels bless the Prophet; O you who have faith! Invoke blessings on him and invoke Peace upon him in a worthy manner. | ||
| Line 49: | Line 48: | ||
Some effects of Salawat mentioned in hadiths are as: | Some effects of Salawat mentioned in hadiths are as: | ||
{{col-begin|2}} | |||
# Compensation for [[sins]],<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.25 p.229</ref> | # Compensation for [[sins]],<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.25 p.229</ref> | ||
# The most weighty deed on the [[scale of deeds]],<ref>Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.197; Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.91 p.49</ref> | # The most weighty deed on the [[scale of deeds]],<ref>Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.197; Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.91 p.49</ref> | ||
| Line 72: | Line 73: | ||
# Salawat as [[Tasbih]], [[Tahlil]], and [[Takbir]],<ref>Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.194; Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.91 p.74</ref> | # Salawat as [[Tasbih]], [[Tahlil]], and [[Takbir]],<ref>Al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', vol.7 p.194; Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.91 p.74</ref> | ||
# Salawat upon [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] causes forgiveness of sins and joining the Prophet in heaven.<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.43 p.55, vol.97 p.194</ref> | # Salawat upon [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] causes forgiveness of sins and joining the Prophet in heaven.<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.43 p.55, vol.97 p.194</ref> | ||
{{end}} | |||
===Results of Disregarding Salawat=== | ===Results of Disregarding Salawat=== | ||
| Line 112: | Line 114: | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA صلوات] in Farsi Wikishia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA صلوات] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
[[fa:صلوات]] | [[fa:صلوات]] | ||