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'''Āya''' (Arabic:{{ia| "آیة"}}, verse) in technical usage is the sentences and phrases of the [[Qur'an]] which are separated from each other in a special order and form the [[sura]]s of the Qur'an. | '''Āya''' (Arabic:{{ia| "آیة"}}, verse) in technical usage is the sentences and phrases of the [[Qur'an]] which are separated from each other in a special order and form the [[sura]]s (chapters) of the Qur'an. | ||
In the Qur'an the word is used in the technical meaning, and the Qur'an ayas (verses) are described as "al-bayyinat", meaning manifest and clear. | In the Qur'an the word is used in the technical meaning, and the Qur'an ayas (verses) are described as "al-bayyinat", meaning manifest and clear. | ||
The literal meaning of "aya" is "sign" or "something clear and obvious". The word is also used in the Qur'an in its literal meaning in some places and refers to every creature as a sign of the existence and the attributes of [[ | The literal meaning of "aya" is "sign" or "something clear and obvious". The word is also used in the Qur'an in its literal meaning in some places and refers to every creature as a sign of the existence and the attributes of [[God]], and to the [[miracle]]s of the [[prophets]] as they are signs of truth of their mission. In this application, the ayas (signs) of God are divided to "afaqi" (signs in the outer world) and "anfusi" (the signs in one's self). | ||
==Meaning== | ==Meaning== | ||
"Aya" (Arabic: {{ia|آية}}) literally means sign,<ref>Al-Zarkashi, ''Al-Burhan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an'', Vol.1, p.363.</ref> symbol, or something clear and obvious,<ref>Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, ''Mu'jam mufradat alfaz al-Qur'an'', p.34.</ref> but in the technical usage in the [[Qur'an]], means, "a part of the Qur'an which is placed in a [[sura]] (chapter) and contains one or more sentences".<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Itqan'', Vol.1, p.145.</ref> In other words, aya in technical usage means the words, phrases, and sentences of the Qur'an which forms suras. The connection of the technical and the literal meaning is that each one of the verses of the Qur'an is a sign, like natural signs, referring to [[God]], some of the beliefs, practical rulings, or moral principles.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''al-Mizan'', Vol.18, p.159.</ref> | |||
"Aya" literally means sign,<ref>Al-Zarkashi, ''Al-Burhan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an'', Vol.1, p.363.</ref> symbol, or something clear and obvious,<ref>Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, ''Mu'jam mufradat alfaz al-Qur'an'', p.34.</ref> but in the technical usage in the [[Qur'an]], means, "a part of the Qur'an which is placed in a [[sura]] and contains one or more sentences".<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Itqan'', Vol.1, p.145.</ref> In other words, aya in technical usage means the words, phrases, and sentences of the Qur'an which forms suras. The connection of the technical and the literal meaning is that each one of the verses of the Qur'an is a sign, like natural signs, referring to [[God]], some of the beliefs, practical rulings, or moral principles.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''al-Mizan'', Vol.18, p.159.</ref> | |||
==In the Qur'an== | ==In the Qur'an== | ||
The word "aya" is used 382 times in single and plural forms (Arabic: {{ia|آیات}}, ayat).<ref>'Abd al-Baqi, ''al-Mu'jam al-mufahras'', pp. 103-108.</ref> The main meaning is sign and symbol, and is used sometimes as "lesson" (10:92), "miracle" (2:12), "wonder" (23:50), and "reason" (30:20), which all return to the literal meaning.<ref>''Al-Mu'jam al-wasit'', Vol.1, p.25; ''Manahil al-'irfan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an'', Vol.1, p.338; ''al-Burhan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an'', Vol.1, p.266</ref> | The word "aya" is used 382 times in single and plural forms (Arabic: {{ia|آیات}}, ayat).<ref>'Abd al-Baqi, ''al-Mu'jam al-mufahras'', pp. 103-108.</ref> The main meaning is sign and symbol, and is used sometimes as "lesson" ([[Q 10]]:92), "miracle" ([[Q 2]]:12), "wonder" ([[Q 23]]:50), and "reason" ([[Q 30]]:20), which all return to the literal meaning.<ref>''Al-Mu'jam al-wasit'', Vol.1, p.25; ''Manahil al-'irfan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an'', Vol.1, p.338; ''al-Burhan fi 'ulum al-Qur'an'', Vol.1, p.266</ref> | ||
The separation and count of the Qur'an verses is [[tawqifi]] (specified by God)<ref>''Ghara'ib al-Qur'an wa ragha'ib al-furqan'', Vol.1, p.66</ref> so no one | The separation and count of the Qur'an verses is [[tawqifi]] (specified by God)<ref>''Ghara'ib al-Qur'an wa ragha'ib al-furqan'', Vol.1, p.66</ref> so no one is allowed to change it. | ||
===First and Last Verses=== | ===First and Last Verses=== | ||
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===Shortest and Longest Verses=== | ===Shortest and Longest Verses=== | ||
Regardless of [[al-Muqatta'at]] verses (separate letters), the shortest verse in the number of words is the verse 64 of [[sura al-Rahman]] ([[Q 55]]:64) (Arabic: {{ia|مُدهامَّتان}}, transliteration: "mudhāmmatān")<ref>''Al-Tahrir wa al-tanwir'', Vol.1, p.77</ref> which means, "dark green". This verse contains only one word. And the shortest in the number of the letters is the first verses of [[Suras al-Fajr]] (Arabic: {{ia|والفجر}}, transliteration: "wa l-fajr") meaning, "by the dawn"; and the first verse of [[Sura al-'Asr]] (Arabic: {{ia|والعصر}}, transliteration: "wa l-'asr", translation: "by the time") and some others (with six letters and two words).<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Itqan'', Vol.2, p.357</ref> | |||
The longest verse of the Qur'an is the [[al-Dayn Verse]] (debt) (Q 2:282) which nearly fills a page. | |||
The longest verse of the Qur'an is the [[al-Dayn Verse]] (debt) ( | |||
==Categories== | ==Categories== | ||
The verses of the [[Qur'an]] are categorized according to various aspects. Some of them are as following. | The verses of the [[Qur'an]] are categorized according to various aspects. Some of them are as following. | ||
===Muhkam and Mutashabih=== | ===Muhkam and Mutashabih=== | ||
In the Qur'an, the verses are categorized in [[muhkam and mutashabih]] (definitive and metaphorical) verses: | In the Qur'an, the verses are categorized in [[muhkam and mutashabih]] (definitive and metaphorical) verses: | ||
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===Other Categorizations=== | ===Other Categorizations=== | ||
The scholars of the [[Qur'anic sciences]] have mentioned other categorizations for verses like, [[verses of rulings]], [[nasikh and mnsukh]] verses, etc.<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Itqan'', Vol.1, p.10</ref> | The scholars of the [[Qur'anic sciences]] have mentioned other categorizations for verses like, [[verses of rulings]], [[nasikh and mnsukh]] verses, etc.<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Itqan'', Vol.1, p.10</ref> | ||
==Famous Verses== | ==Famous Verses== | ||
Some verses of the [[Qur'an]] are famous with special names, the count of these verses are more than 100 verses and there are [[hadith]]s about [[reciting]], memorizing, and having some of them. | Some verses of the [[Qur'an]] are famous with special names, the count of these verses are more than 100 verses and there are [[hadith]]s about [[reciting]], memorizing, and having some of them. | ||
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==Order== | ==Order== | ||
There are two opinions about the order of the verses; most of [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars believe that the place of verses in [[sura]]s, is [[tawqifi]] (specified by [[God]]), so the existing order is fixed and it's [[forbidden]] to change it.<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Itqan'', Vol.1, p.132</ref> | There are two opinions about the order of the verses; most of [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] scholars believe that the place of verses in [[sura]]s, is [[tawqifi]] (specified by [[God]]), so the existing order is fixed and it's [[forbidden]] to change it.<ref>Al-Suyuti, ''al-Itqan'', Vol.1, p.132</ref> | ||
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==Count== | ==Count== | ||
There is disagreement about the count of the verses. One of the reasons of the disagreement is because in time of the [[revelation]], the [[Prophet (s)]] was stopping at the end of each verse, so it became known that where the end of each verse is, then he recited the verse connected to the next verse so the connection of the verses became known; but sometimes some people thought that there isn't a stop and considered the two verses as one. So, the disagreement about the end and beginning of the verses caused the difference in counting them, not that there is any difference in the content. These are the different opinions: | There is disagreement about the count of the verses. One of the reasons of the disagreement is because in time of the [[revelation]], the [[Prophet (s)]] was stopping at the end of each verse, so it became known that where the end of each verse is, then he recited the verse connected to the next verse so the connection of the verses became known; but sometimes some people thought that there isn't a stop and considered the two verses as one. So, the disagreement about the end and beginning of the verses caused the difference in counting them, not that there is any difference in the content. These are the different opinions: | ||
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==Coherence== | ==Coherence== | ||
The "coherence of a group of the verses in a [[sura]]", means either the "unity of the context", which is accepted among the [[exeget]]es, or it means the "coherence of all of the verses of a sura". According to the latter meaning, every sura has one or more point/points, and after fulfilling it, the sura ends. The length of a sura is also dependent to the point/points it implies.<ref>''Al-Tamhid'', Vol.5, p.239</ref> | The "coherence of a group of the verses in a [[sura]]", means either the "unity of the context", which is accepted among the [[exeget]]es, or it means the "coherence of all of the verses of a sura". According to the latter meaning, every sura has one or more point/points, and after fulfilling it, the sura ends. The length of a sura is also dependent to the point/points it implies.<ref>''Al-Tamhid'', Vol.5, p.239</ref> | ||
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==Other Meanings== | ==Other Meanings== | ||
For the word "aya" (Arabic: {{ia|آیة}}) there are other general meanings mentioned; divine ayas are things which show the existence of [[God]] and His power, [[wisdom]], greatness, and his other attributes; so the word "aya" could be used for all of the creatures, because all of them are signs of their [[creator]]. Many times in the Qur'an, after describing the phenomena of the world, it is said, "They (the wonders of the world) are indeed signs (of God and his attributes)".<ref>Misbah Yazdi, ''Qur'an shinasi'', Vol.1, p.33</ref> | For the word "aya" (Arabic: {{ia|آیة}}) there are other general meanings mentioned; divine ayas are things which show the existence of [[God]] and His power, [[wisdom]], greatness, and his other attributes; so the word "aya" could be used for all of the creatures, because all of them are signs of their [[creator]]. Many times in the Qur'an, after describing the phenomena of the world, it is said, "They (the wonders of the world) are indeed signs (of God and his attributes)".<ref>Misbah Yazdi, ''Qur'an shinasi'', Vol.1, p.33</ref> | ||
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===Tashri'i and Takwini=== | ===Tashri'i and Takwini=== | ||
The ayas (signs) of God could be divided into the two categories of "tashri'i" (legislation) and "takwini" (creation).<ref>Misbah Yazdi, ''Qur'an shinasi'', Vol.1. p.33</ref> Tashri'i signs are mainly the [[Qur'an]] and other [[divine books]], which are about the divine rulings, theological knowledge, and ethics which are the means of approaching God.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''al-Mizan'', Vol.18, p.159</ref> Although some of the Qur'an verses are takwini, which express the wonders of the creation. | The ayas (signs) of God could be divided into the two categories of "tashri'i" (legislation) and "takwini" (creation).<ref>Misbah Yazdi, ''Qur'an shinasi'', Vol.1. p.33</ref> Tashri'i signs are mainly the [[Qur'an]] and other [[divine books]], which are about the divine rulings, theological knowledge, and ethics which are the means of approaching God.<ref>Tabataba'i, ''al-Mizan'', Vol.18, p.159</ref> Although some of the Qur'an verses are takwini, which express the wonders of the creation. | ||
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===Afaqi and Anfusi=== | ===Afaqi and Anfusi=== | ||
There are two ways to know God: | There are two ways to know God: | ||