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[[Ayatollah]] [[Jawadi Amuli]] doesn't accept the names of suras being Tawqifi, and in contrast considers the common names of suras as names given to them by people and then the name became prevalent. He considers the usage of the names in some [[hadith]]s of Ahl al-Bayt because of the recognition of the sura with the name. He says: it's unlikely that a sura containing great knowledge, deep wisdom, and a lot of rulings being named after a cow; or a sura which contain 40 proofs for the unity of God being named after the cattle; or a sura with deep knowledge and the stories of many of the [[Prophet]]s being named after the ants. | [[Ayatollah]] [[Jawadi Amuli]] doesn't accept the names of suras being Tawqifi, and in contrast considers the common names of suras as names given to them by people and then the name became prevalent. He considers the usage of the names in some [[hadith]]s of Ahl al-Bayt because of the recognition of the sura with the name. He says: it's unlikely that a sura containing great knowledge, deep wisdom, and a lot of rulings being named after a cow; or a sura which contain 40 proofs for the unity of God being named after the cattle; or a sura with deep knowledge and the stories of many of the [[Prophet]]s being named after the ants. | ||
== Order of Revelation == | ==Order of Revelation== | ||
Qur'an gradually revealed to the Prophet (s), in the length of 23 years (gradual revelation). According to the historical records, Imam 'Ali (a) was the first one to collect Qur'an after the demise of the Prophet (s) | The Qur'an was gradually revealed to [[the Prophet (s)]], in the length of 23 years ([[gradual revelation]]). According to the historical records, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] was the first one to collect the Qur'an after the demise of the Prophet (s). The suras in the collected Qur'an ([[Mushaf of Imam 'Ali (a)]]) was ordered according to the order of [[revelation]]. After the completion of the work, he loaded it on a camel (due to its bulk) and brought it to [[the companions]], but they didn't accept it and said that they didn't need it, so Imam 'Ali (a) hid it and after that no one saw the Mushaf of Imam 'Ali (a). [[Shi'a]] believes that other [[Imams]] had inherited the Mushaf and now it is in the possession of [[Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]]. According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], Imam 'Ali (a) had ordered the Qur'an according to the order of revelation and placed [[al-Makki suras]] before [[al-Madani suras]] and [[al-Mansukh]] before [[al-Nasikh]]. | ||
The existing Qur'an is collected in the time of the rule of 'Uthman b. 'Affan which begins with the sura al-Fatiha and ends with the sura al-Nas. | The existing Qur'an is collected in the time of the rule of [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] which begins with the [[sura al-Fatiha]] and ends with the [[sura al-Nas]]. This Qur'an is verified by Imam 'Ali and | ||
other Imams. | other Imams. | ||
There's a disagreement about the order of suras being Tawqifi (specified by Allah) or Ijtihadi (by the judgment of the companions); some of Qur'an researchers, like al-Suyuti, say: the existing order of suras is Tawqifi and is specified by Allah and the Prophet (s) commanded to order suras as they are. | There's a disagreement about the order of suras being [[Tawqifi]] (specified by [[Allah]]) or [[Ijtihadi]] (by the judgment of [[the companions]]); some of the Qur'an researchers, like [[al-Suyuti]], say: the existing order of suras is Tawqifi and is specified by Allah and the Prophet (s) commanded to order suras as they are. | ||
Some other considered the order of suras as Ijtihadi and being ordered by the judgment of the companions who collected Qur'an. The third opinion is that the order of suras are a mix of being Tawqifi and Ijtihadi; meaning that when there was a command from the Prophet (s) about the place of a sura it | Some other considered the order of suras as Ijtihadi and being ordered by the judgment of the companions who collected the Qur'an. The third opinion is that the order of suras are a mix of being Tawqifi and Ijtihadi; meaning that when there was a command from the Prophet (s) about the place of a sura it was obeyed, and when there wasn't, the suras were ordered by the companions who collected the Qur'an. | ||
=== First Revealed Sura === | ===First Revealed Sura=== | ||
About the first sura revealed there is three opinions: | About the first sura revealed there is three opinions: | ||
# The first sura revealed to the Prophet (s) is [[sura al-'Alaq]], which was revealed in the beginning of [[Bi’tha]]. | |||
# The first sura was [[al-Muddaththir]], it is narrated from [[Umm Salama]]: "I asked [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] about the first [[verse]] or sura revealed first and he said: 'al-Muddaththir'." | |||
# [[Sura al-Fatiha]] (the beginning) is the first sura revealed. | |||
Some Qur'an researchers have combined the three opinions: the 3 or 5 first verses of sura al-'Alaq revealed in the beginning of Bi' | Some Qur'an researchers have combined the three opinions: the 3 or 5 first verses of sura al-'Alaq was revealed in the beginning of [[Bi'tha]], shortly after that, some verses of the beginning of sura al-Muddaththir was revealed, and the first ''complete'' sura revealed to the Prophet (s) was [[sura al-Hamd]]. | ||
=== Last Sura Revealed === | ===Last Sura Revealed=== | ||
There's a disagreement about the last sura revealed; some considered sura al-Tawba, sura al-Nasr, or sura al-Ma'ida as the last sura. | There's a disagreement about the last sura revealed; some considered [[sura al-Tawba]], [[sura al-Nasr]], or [[sura al-Ma'ida]] as the last sura. | ||
According to Shi'a | According to Shi'a [[hadith]]s, the last complete sura was sura al-Nasr. When the sura was revealed, the Prophet (s) recited it to the companions and all became glad except for [['Abbas]], the uncle of the Prophet (s), who became very sad and said: "I think the sura announces the end of your mission", the Prophet (s) said: "you think right"; and the Prophet (s) demised two years later. | ||
As the sura al-Nasr is revealed after the [[conquest of Mecca]] in 8/629, and sura al-Tawba is revealed one year later, some combined the two facts as the last ''complete'' sura revealed is sura al-Nasr, and sura al-Tawba is considered the last sura because its beginning verses are revealed later, although the very last [[verse]] revealed is the [[Ikmal verse]] (see: [[First_and_Last_Verses|Verse#First_and_Last_Verses]]) | |||
[[fa: سوره]] | [[fa: سوره]] | ||
[[TR:Sure]] | [[TR:Sure]] | ||