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'''Children''': Miqdad had two children called 'Abd Allah and Karima. 'Abd Allah was a supporter of [['A'isha]] in the [[Battle of Jamal]], fought against [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], and was killed in that battle. At the end of the battle when Imam 'Ali (a) looked at 'Abd Allah's corpse, he told him: "how bad a nephew you have been!" On some accounts, the name of Miqdad's son was "Ma'bad", not "'Abd Allah". | '''Children''': Miqdad had two children called 'Abd Allah and Karima. 'Abd Allah was a supporter of [['A'isha]] in the [[Battle of Jamal]], fought against [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], and was killed in that battle. At the end of the battle when Imam 'Ali (a) looked at 'Abd Allah's corpse, he told him: "how bad a nephew you have been!" On some accounts, the name of Miqdad's son was "Ma'bad", not "'Abd Allah". | ||
== | ==In the Period of the Prophet (s)== | ||
Miqdad | ===Conversion to Islam=== | ||
Miqdad converted to Islam early after [[Bi'that]] (the first revelation of the Prophet (s)) and went under the tortures of [[Quraysh]] [[polytheists]]. Historians have mentioned him among early Muslims, but there is no discussion of how he converted to Islam. [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]] reported that there were 7 people who revealed their conversion to Islam before anybody else. One of these people was Miqdad. | |||
===Immigration=== | |||
Miqdad emigrated two times: once to [[Abyssinia]] among the third group of Muslim immigrants, and once again to Medina. It is not exactly known when he moved to Medina, but as shown by some evidence, he joined Muslims in [[1]] AH/623 in [[Shawwal]] in the [[Sariyya]] of Abu 'Ubayda, and then they all moved to Medina. | |||
===Presence in Battles=== | |||
Miqdad attended all the battles of the Prophet (s) and was a champion among the [[Sahaba]]. In the [[Battle of Badr]], Miqdad was a member of the cavalry and his horse was known as "Sabha" (floating), perhaps because Miqdad fought with courage and valor. | |||
Miqdad, | Miqdad played a crucial role in the [[Battle of Uhud]] as well. According to historical sources, at the end of the battle when everyone fled, few people stayed with the Prophet (s), including 'Ali (a), [[Talha b. 'Ubayd Allah]], [[Zubayr b. al-'Awam]], [[Abu Dujana]], [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], and Miqdad. In this battle, Miqdad was an archer in the Muslim army. | ||
Along with Salman, 'Ammar, and Abu Dhar, Miqdad was one of the first followers of 'Ali (a). They were known as the Shi'as of 'Ali (a) even in the period of the Prophet (s). | |||
==Supporting the Succession of Imam 'Ali (a)== | |||
After the demise of the Prophet (s) and the election of [[Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa]] as the [[caliph]] and successor of the Prophet (s), a few Muslims stayed loyal to 'Ali (a) and did not pledge their allegiance to Abu Bakr, including Salman, Abu Dhar, and Miqdad. Miqdad was not present in the [[Event of Saqifa]]. According to [[hadiths]], he was one of the few people who were present in the funeral of [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and said [[Funeral Prayers]] on her corpse. According to some sources, he was a member of [[Shurta al-Khamis]]. | |||
On different occasions, Miqdad reminded Abu Bakr and his companions of the issues of Imam 'Ali's (a) succession of the Prophet (s) and took actions to clarify the matter. Here are some examples of Miqdad's activities in defense of 'Ali's (a) right to the caliphate: | |||
When people pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr, a group of [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]], including Miqdad, refused to pledge their allegiance to him and joined 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a). | |||
40 men went to Imam 'Ali (a) and said: "we are ready to defend and support you". The Imam (a) told them: "if you are steadfast in your pledge, then shave your heads and come back to me tomorrow". The next day it was only Salman, Miqdad, and Abu Dhar who had shaved their heads and gone to Imam 'Ali (a). | |||
In the story of the [[Six-Member Council]] for the selection of the caliph after [['Umar b. Khattab]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Uf]] told 'Ali (a): "I will pledge my allegiance to you if you follow the Book of God [i.e. the [[Qur'an]]], the Prophet's (s) tradition, and the practice of Abu Bakr" but 'Ali (a) accepted only the first two conditions. Miqdad objected to 'Abd al-Rahman: "I swear to God, you have left 'Ali (a) who adjudicated on the basis of truth and justice". He went on: "I saw no household so oppressed as [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] are after the demise of the Prophet (s)". | |||
Miqdad opposed [['Uthman b. 'Affan]]'s caliphate. He expressed his opposition by delivering a speech in the Mosque of Medina. | |||
Al-Ya'qubi has reported (through some people) that in the night in which people pledged their allegiance to 'Uthman, he went out for the [['Isha' prayer]] while a candle was lit ahead of him. Miqdad b. 'Amr told him: "what is this heresy?" According to al-Ya'qubi, Miqdad was among people who criticized 'Uthman and joined 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a). | |||
==In the Hadiths of Ahl al-Bayt (a)== | |||
There are numerous [[hadiths]] from the [[Infallibles (a)]] concerning the virtues, the moral character, and the faith of Miqdad. Here are some of these hadiths: | |||
The Prophet's (s) affection for Miqdad: the Prophet (s) said: "God has ordered me to love 4 people". A person asked him to introduce those people. The Prophet (s) replied: "'Ali, Salman, Miqdad, and Abu Dhar". | |||
Miqdad in the [[Heaven]]: according to a hadith from [[Anas b. Malik]], one day the Prophet (s) said: "the Heaven aspires to four of my people. When 'Ali (a) asked him about those people, the Prophet said: "I swear to God that you are the first of those people. The rest are Miqdad, Salman, and Abu Dhar". Also in an exegesis of the Quranic verse, "Surely (as for) those who believe and do good deeds, their place of entertainment shall be the gardens of paradise" ([[Sura al-Kahf]]: 107), [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] said: "this verse was revealed about Abu Dhar, Miqdad, Salman, and 'Ammar". | |||
Miqdad's faith: according to a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a): "the faith (iman) has 10 degrees: Miqdad is at the 8th degree, Abu Dhar is at the 9th, and Salman is at the 10th". | |||
Acting upon [[al-Mawadda Verse]]: Imam al-Sadiq said about al-Mawadda Verse ("I ask of you no wage except the love of near relatives"): "I swear to God that nobody acted upon the verse except 7 people, including Miqdad". | |||
Miqdad is from Ahl al-Bayt (a): one day [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] asked the Prophet (s) about Salman, Miqdad, and Abu Dhar. The Prophet (s) talked about them individually. He said about Miqdad: "Miqdad is from us. God is the enemy of his enemies and friends with his friends. O Jabir! Whenever you pray for something and you want God to answer your prayer, ask Him with their names, because these are the best names for God". | |||
Loyalty to Imam 'Ali (a): [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] said: "after the demise of the Prophet (s) people deviated from the Prophet's (s) path except three people: Salman, Abu Dhar, and Miqdad. According to some hadiths, Miqdad was the most obedient companion of [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]]. | |||
Miqdad's [[Raj'a]]: according to some hadiths, Miqdad will return to the world after the [[Reappearance]] of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] and will be a companion and commander of the Imam's (a) government". | |||
Obligation to love Miqdad: Imam al-Sadiq (a) said: "it is an obligation to love people who did not deviate from the right path after the Prophet (s)". These people include Salman, Abu Dhar, and Miqdad. | |||
==Transmission of Hadiths== | |||
Miqdad transmitted [[hadiths]] from the Prophet (s). Some people have transmitted his hadiths; for example: [[Sulaym b. Qays]], [[Anas b. Malik]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]], [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla]], [[Abu Ayyub al-Ansari]], [[Duba'a bt. Zubar b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (his wife]], and his daughter Karima. | |||
==Death and Burial Place== | |||
Late in his life, Miqdad resided in "Jurf" (an area one parasang away from [[Medina]] towards [[al-Sham]]), and died in 33/654 at the age of 70. The Muslims took his corpse to Medina, 'Uthman b. 'Affan said the [[Funeral Prayer]] for him, and he was buried in [[al-Baqi']] cemetery. There is a grave attributed to Miqdad in Van in Turkey. On one account, Miqdad was rich and he willed that 36000 dirhams of his possessions be given to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | |||
== In the Reign of 'Uthman == | == In the Reign of 'Uthman == | ||