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Miqdad b. Amr: Difference between revisions
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==In the Period of the Prophet (s)== | ==In the Period of the Prophet (s)== | ||
===Conversion to Islam=== | ===Conversion to Islam=== | ||
Miqdad converted to Islam early after [[Bi'that]] (the first revelation of the Prophet (s)) and went under the tortures of [[Quraysh]] [[polytheists]]. Historians have mentioned him among early Muslims, but there is no discussion of how he converted to Islam. [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]] reported that there were | Miqdad converted to Islam early after [[Bi'that]] (the first revelation of the Prophet (s)) and went under the tortures of [[Quraysh]] [[polytheists]]. Historians have mentioned him among early Muslims, but there is no discussion of how he converted to Islam. [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]] reported that there were seven people who revealed their conversion to Islam before anybody else. One of these people was Miqdad.<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 5, p. 242.</ref> | ||
===Immigration=== | ===Immigration=== | ||
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#When people pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr, a group of [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]], including Miqdad, refused to pledge their allegiance to him and joined Ali b. Abi Talib (a).<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 137-138; Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', p. 461-465. </ref> | #When people pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr, a group of [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]], including Miqdad, refused to pledge their allegiance to him and joined Ali b. Abi Talib (a).<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 137-138; Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', p. 461-465. </ref> | ||
# | #Forty men went to Imam Ali (a) and said: "we are ready to defend and support you." The Imam (a) told them: "if you are steadfast in your pledge, then shave your heads and come back to me tomorrow." The next day it was only Salman, Miqdad, and Abu Dhar who had shaved their heads and gone to Imam Ali (a).<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 126.</ref> | ||
#In the story of the [[Six-Member Council]] for the selection of the caliph after [['Umar b. Khattab]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]] told Ali (a): "I will pledge my allegiance to you if you follow the Book of God [i.e. the [[Qur'an]]], the Prophet's (s) tradition, and the practice of Abu Bakr" but Ali (a) accepted only the first two conditions. Miqdad objected to 'Abd al-Rahman: "I swear to God, you have left Ali (a) who adjudicated on the basis of truth and justice". He went on: "I saw no household so oppressed as [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] | #In the story of the [[Six-Member Council]] for the selection of the caliph after [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]] told Ali (a): "I will pledge my allegiance to you if you follow the Book of God [i.e. the [[Qur'an]]], the Prophet's (s) tradition, and the practice of Abu Bakr" but Ali (a) accepted only the first two conditions. Miqdad objected to 'Abd al-Rahman: "I swear to God, you have left Ali (a) who adjudicated on the basis of truth and justice". He went on: "I saw no household so oppressed as [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] after the demise of the Prophet (s)".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 4, p. 233.</ref> | ||
Miqdad opposed [['Uthman b. 'Affan]]'s caliphate. He expressed his opposition by delivering a speech in the Mosque of Medina.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 4, p. 233.</ref> | Miqdad opposed [['Uthman b. 'Affan]]'s caliphate. He expressed his opposition by delivering a speech in the Mosque of Medina.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 4, p. 233.</ref> | ||
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There are numerous [[hadiths]] from the [[Infallibles (a)]] concerning the virtues, the moral character, and the faith of Miqdad. Here are some of these hadiths: | There are numerous [[hadiths]] from the [[Infallibles (a)]] concerning the virtues, the moral character, and the faith of Miqdad. Here are some of these hadiths: | ||
#'''The Prophet's (s) affection for Miqdad:''' the Prophet (s) said: "God has ordered me to love | #'''The Prophet's (s) affection for Miqdad:''' the Prophet (s) said: "God has ordered me to love four people." A person asked him to introduce those people. The Prophet (s) replied: "Ali, Salman, Miqdad, and Abu Dhar".<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Ikhtiṣāṣ'', p. 9.</ref> | ||
#'''Miqdad in the Heaven:''' according to a hadith from [[Anas b. Malik]], one day the Prophet (s) said: "the [[Heaven]] aspires to four of my people. When Ali (a) asked him about those people, the Prophet said: "I swear to God that you are the first of those people. The rest are Miqdad, Salman, and Abu Dhar." Also in an exegesis of the Quranic verse, "Surely (as for) those who believe and do good deeds, their place of entertainment shall be the gardens of paradise" ([[Sura al-Kahf]]: 107), [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] said: "this verse was revealed about Abu Dhar, Miqdad, Salman, and 'Ammar".<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 4, p. 151.</ref> | #'''Miqdad in the Heaven:''' according to a hadith from [[Anas b. Malik]], one day the Prophet (s) said: "the [[Heaven]] aspires to four of my people. When Ali (a) asked him about those people, the Prophet said: "I swear to God that you are the first of those people. The rest are Miqdad, Salman, and Abu Dhar." Also in an exegesis of the Quranic verse, "Surely (as for) those who believe and do good deeds, their place of entertainment shall be the gardens of paradise" ([[Sura al-Kahf]]: 107), [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] said: "this verse was revealed about Abu Dhar, Miqdad, Salman, and 'Ammar".<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 4, p. 151.</ref> | ||
#'''Miqdad's faith:''' according to a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a): "the faith (iman) has 10 degrees: Miqdad is at the 8th degree, Abu Dhar is at the 9th, and Salman is at the 10th".<ref>Qummī, ''Muntahī l-āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 228.</ref> | #'''Miqdad's faith:''' according to a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a): "the faith (iman) has 10 degrees: Miqdad is at the 8th degree, Abu Dhar is at the 9th, and Salman is at the 10th".<ref>Qummī, ''Muntahī l-āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 228.</ref> | ||
#'''Acting upon al-Mawadda Verse:''' Imam al-Sadiq said about [[al-Mawadda Verse]] ("I ask of you no wage except the love of near relatives"): "I swear to God that nobody acted upon the verse except | #'''Acting upon al-Mawadda Verse:''' Imam al-Sadiq said about [[al-Mawadda Verse]] ("I ask of you no wage except the love of near relatives"): "I swear to God that nobody acted upon the verse except seven people, including Miqdad."<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 22, p. 237.</ref> | ||
#'''Miqdad is from Ahl al-Bayt (a):''' one day [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] asked the Prophet (s) about Salman, Miqdad, and Abu Dhar. The Prophet (s) talked about them individually. He said about Miqdad: "Miqdad is from us. God is the enemy of his enemies and | #'''Miqdad is from Ahl al-Bayt (a):''' one day [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] asked the Prophet (s) about Salman, Miqdad, and Abu Dhar. The Prophet (s) talked about them individually. He said about Miqdad: "Miqdad is from us. God is the enemy of his enemies and friend with his friends. O Jabir! Whenever you pray for something and you want God to answer your prayer, ask Him with their names, because these are the best names for God".<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Ikhtiṣāṣ'', p. 223.</ref> | ||
#'''Loyalty to Imam Ali (a):''' [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] said: "after the demise of the Prophet (s) people deviated from the Prophet's (s) path except three people: Salman, Abu Dhar, and Miqdad.<ref>Khoei, ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth'', vol. 6, p. 186.</ref> According to some hadiths, Miqdad was the most obedient companion of [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]].<ref>Kashshī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', vol. 1, p. 46.</ref> | #'''Loyalty to Imam Ali (a):''' [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] said: "after the demise of the Prophet (s) people deviated from the Prophet's (s) path except three people: Salman, Abu Dhar, and Miqdad.<ref>Khoei, ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth'', vol. 6, p. 186.</ref> According to some hadiths, Miqdad was the most obedient companion of [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]].<ref>Kashshī, ''Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl'', vol. 1, p. 46.</ref> | ||
#'''Miqdad's [[Raj'a]]:''' according to some hadiths, Miqdad will return to the world after the [[Reappearance]] of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] and will be a companion and commander of the Imam's (a) government."<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 636.</ref> | #'''Miqdad's [[Raj'a]]:''' according to some hadiths, Miqdad will return to the world after the [[Reappearance]] of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] and will be a companion and commander of the Imam's (a) government."<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 636.</ref> | ||
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==Transmission of Hadiths== | ==Transmission of Hadiths== | ||
Miqdad transmitted [[hadith]]s from the Prophet (s). Some people have transmitted his hadiths; for example: [[Sulaym b. Qays]], [[Anas b. Malik]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]], [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla]], [[Abu Ayyub al-Ansari]], [[Duba'a bt. Zubar b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (his wife | Miqdad transmitted [[hadith]]s from the Prophet (s). Some people have transmitted his hadiths; for example: [[Sulaym b. Qays]], [[Anas b. Malik]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]], [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Layla]], [[Abu Ayyub al-Ansari]], [[Duba'a bt. Zubar b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (his wife), and his daughter Karima.<ref>Khoei, ''Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth'', vol. 6, p. 185.</ref> | ||
==Death and Burial Place== | ==Death and Burial Place== | ||
Late in his life, Miqdad resided in "Jurf" (an area one parasang away from [[Medina]] towards [[Syira]]), and died in [[33]]/654 at the age of 70. The Muslims took his corpse to Medina, 'Uthman b. 'Affan said the [[Funeral Prayer]] for him, and he was buried in [[al-Baqi']] cemetery.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 121; Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 10, p. 134; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 204; Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 282.</ref> There is a grave attributed to Miqdad in Van in Turkey.<ref>Qummī, ''Muntahī l-āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 228.</ref> On one account, Miqdad was rich and | Late in his life, Miqdad resided in "Jurf" (an area one parasang away from [[Medina]] towards [[Syira]]), and died in [[33]]/654 at the age of 70. The Muslims took his corpse to Medina, 'Uthman b. 'Affan said the [[Funeral Prayer]] for him, and he was buried in [[al-Baqi']] cemetery.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 121; Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 10, p. 134; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 204; Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 282.</ref> There is a grave attributed to Miqdad in Van in Turkey.<ref>Qummī, ''Muntahī l-āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 228.</ref> On one account, Miqdad was rich and willed that 36000 dirhams of his possessions be given to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]].<ref>Mazzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 28, p. 452.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||