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Hijaz: Difference between revisions
→Emergence of Islam
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=== Emergence of Islam === | === Emergence of Islam === | ||
After Islam emerged, Hijaz became more respectful and noteworthy. The Islamic government established by the [[Prophet (s)]] caused the whole Arabian Peninsula to get united. After the Prophet (s) passed away, caliphs focused their efforts on expanding governance of Islam over the Arabian Peninsula and other regions. After [['Uthman b. 'Affan]]'s death, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] became caliph. He moved the capital of the Islamic government to [[Kufa]]. At this point, many tribes migrated to Kufa. In [[41]]/661, [[Mu'awiya]] became the ruler of Muslims. He then selected [[Syria]] as the center of his government and [[Dimashq]] (Damascus) was his capital. | After Islam emerged, Hijaz became more respectful and noteworthy. The Islamic government established by the [[Prophet (s)]] caused the whole Arabian Peninsula to get united. After the Prophet (s) passed away, caliphs focused their efforts on expanding governance of Islam over the Arabian Peninsula and other regions. After [['Uthman b. 'Affan]]'s death, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] became caliph. He moved the capital of the Islamic government to [[Kufa]]. At this point, many tribes migrated to Kufa. In [[41]]/661-2, [[Mu'awiya]] became the ruler of Muslims. He then selected [[Syria]] as the center of his government and [[Dimashq]] (Damascus) was his capital. | ||
Although the capital in [[Umawi]] age was Syria and in [[Abbasid]] age was [[Baghdad]], it did not lower the importance of Mecca and Medina. Hijaz was a province under the control in Umawi and Abbasid ages, yet it still was significant and worthy in view of Muslims. | Although the capital in [[Umawi]] age was Syria and in [[Abbasid]] age was [[Baghdad]], it did not lower the importance of Mecca and Medina. Hijaz was a province under the control in Umawi and Abbasid ages, yet it still was significant and worthy in view of Muslims. | ||
Medina was the center of Hijaz in the Umawi age, and Mecca became the center of this land only during the time [['Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] was caliph ([[64]]/ | Medina was the center of Hijaz in the Umawi age, and Mecca became the center of this land only during the time [['Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] was caliph ([[64]]/683-4 - [[73]]/692-3). | ||
In [[145]]/762-3, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah, well-known as [[al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] whose ancestor was [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], rebelled against [[al-Mansur al-'Abbasi]] in Medina. He took the control of Medina, Mecca, and Yemen, but he was defeated by the Abbasid army after two months and a half and was killed. Abbasid rulers were famous for their cruelty with Imam 'Ali (a)'s family. Al-Mansur had deprived Imam Ali (a)'s family of receiving properties. At the same time, Hijaz was experiencing poverty and misery. The poverty and other parameters resulted in the science being stagnant and disregarded; however, [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]] sciences were not influenced that much. | In [[145]]/762-3, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah, well-known as [[al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] whose ancestor was [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], rebelled against [[al-Mansur al-'Abbasi]] in Medina. He took the control of Medina, Mecca, and Yemen, but he was defeated by the Abbasid army after two months and a half and was killed. Abbasid rulers were famous for their cruelty with Imam 'Ali (a)'s family. Al-Mansur had deprived Imam Ali (a)'s family of receiving properties. At the same time, Hijaz was experiencing poverty and misery. The poverty and other parameters resulted in the science being stagnant and disregarded; however, [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]] sciences were not influenced that much. | ||