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Muslim b. Aqil: Difference between revisions
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==Birth, Lineage and Martyrdom== | ==Birth, Lineage and Martyrdom== | ||
His birthday is unknown. He was martyred at the age of 28 in Dhu al-Hijja 9th 60 in Kufa (September 13, 680). | His birthday is unknown. He was martyred at the age of 28 in Dhu al-Hijja 9th 60 in Kufa (September 13, 680). | ||
His father [[‘Aqil b. Abi Talib]] ([[Imam Ali]]’s (a) brother) was a genealogist and an eloquent speaker. | His father [[‘Aqil b. Abi Talib]] ([[Imam Ali]]’s (a) brother) was a genealogist and an eloquent speaker. | ||
His mother was a slave woman, ‘Aqil had bought from [[Levant]], called “‘Illiyya (or according to [[Baladhuri]]’s report Hilliyya). | His mother was a slave woman, ‘Aqil had bought from [[Levant]], called “‘Illiyya (or according to [[Baladhuri]]’s report Hilliyya). | ||
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Counting the martyred companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), [[Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned a son for Muslim with the same identity as the preceding reports. | Counting the martyred companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), [[Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned a son for Muslim with the same identity as the preceding reports. | ||
Baladhuri reports that there was a young person in Karbala by the name ‘Abd Allah b. Muslim b. ‘Aqil b. Abi Talib, whom [[Zayd b. Ruqad al-Janbi]] hit on the forehead and heart by arrows and killed. However, in another place he says that ‘Amr b. Subayh hit him by arrow then a group of soldiers attacked him and killed him. Counting his children, he writes, “‘Abd Allah and Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. Ali- Muslim (b. Muslim) whose mother was from the tribe of [[Bani ‘Amir b. Sa’sa’a]], ‘Abd Allah, whose mother was a slave woman and Muhammad.” He did not give the name of the last one’s mother. Baladhuri adds that Ruqayya’s mother was called Sahba’ and her complete name “was Umm Habib bt. Habib b. Bujayz al-Taghlibi from the region of ‘Ayn ai-Tamr.” | Baladhuri reports that there was a young person in Karbala by the name ‘Abd Allah b. Muslim b. ‘Aqil b. Abi Talib, whom [[Zayd b. Ruqad al-Janbi]] hit on the forehead and heart by arrows and killed. However, in another place he says that ‘Amr b. Subayh hit him by arrow then a group of soldiers attacked him and killed him. Counting his children, he writes, “‘Abd Allah and Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. Ali- Muslim (b. Muslim) whose mother was from the tribe of [[Bani ‘Amir b. Sa’sa’a]], ‘Abd Allah, whose mother was a slave woman and Muhammad.” He did not give the name of the last one’s mother. Baladhuri adds that Ruqayya’s mother was called Sahba’ and her complete name “was Umm Habib bt. Habib b. Bujayz al-Taghlibi from the region of ‘Ayn ai-Tamr.” | ||
[[Dhahabi]] mentions two son for Muslim named ‘Abd Allah and ‘Abd al-Rahman who were martyred in Karbala. | [[Dhahabi]] mentions two son for Muslim named ‘Abd Allah and ‘Abd al-Rahman who were martyred in Karbala. | ||
[[Tabrisi]] writes, “Ruqayya bt. Ali was Muslim b. ‘Aqil’s wife, who gave birth to ‘Abd Allah -who was martyred in [[Taff]] (Karbala)- Ali and Muhammad. | [[Tabrisi]] writes, “Ruqayya bt. Ali was Muslim b. ‘Aqil’s wife, who gave birth to ‘Abd Allah -who was martyred in [[Taff]] (Karbala)- Ali and Muhammad. | ||
[[Ibn Qutayba]] writes counting Muslim’s children, “‘Abd Allah, Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. Ali- Muslim and ‘Abd al-‘Aziz.” He did not mentions the mother of the two last ones. | [[Ibn Qutayba]] writes counting Muslim’s children, “‘Abd Allah, Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. Ali- Muslim and ‘Abd al-‘Aziz.” He did not mentions the mother of the two last ones. | ||
[[Ibn Makula]] reported that Muslim had a daughter named Umm Hamida who was married to ‘Abd Allah a. Muhammad b. ‘Aqil b. Abi Talib (her cousin) and had a son from him named Muhammad. | [[Ibn Makula]] reported that Muslim had a daughter named Umm Hamida who was married to ‘Abd Allah a. Muhammad b. ‘Aqil b. Abi Talib (her cousin) and had a son from him named Muhammad. | ||
It has been mentioned in some historical sources that Muslim had two sons who were captured after the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) and imprisoned in Kufa by the order of ‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad. They fled from the prison; but were martyred later. (main entry: [[The two sons of Muslim]]) | It has been mentioned in some historical sources that Muslim had two sons who were captured after the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) and imprisoned in Kufa by the order of ‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad. They fled from the prison; but were martyred later. (main entry: [[The two sons of Muslim]]) | ||
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[[Ibn ‘Asakir]] writes, “12000 people pledged allegiance to Imam al-Husayn (a) by swearing allegiance to Muslim.” Some recorded 18000 and some reported more than 30000. Having witnessed the warm welcome of people for Muslim, spies wrote a letter to [[Yazid]] and said if you want Kufa, hurry up because the current governor of Kufa ([[Nu’man b. Bashir]]) is weak or pretends weakness. When Yazid received the letter, appointed [[‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]], who was the governor of Basra, as the governor of Kufa as well. | [[Ibn ‘Asakir]] writes, “12000 people pledged allegiance to Imam al-Husayn (a) by swearing allegiance to Muslim.” Some recorded 18000 and some reported more than 30000. Having witnessed the warm welcome of people for Muslim, spies wrote a letter to [[Yazid]] and said if you want Kufa, hurry up because the current governor of Kufa ([[Nu’man b. Bashir]]) is weak or pretends weakness. When Yazid received the letter, appointed [[‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]], who was the governor of Basra, as the governor of Kufa as well. | ||
After the arrival of ‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad in Kufa, Muslim left Mukhtar’s house and went to [[Hani b. ‘Urwa]]’s. Although Muslim was hidden and has secret connections with Shi’a, ‘Ubayd Allah find his hiding place by recruiting spies. ‘Ubayd Allah summoned Hani and asked him to surrender Muslim. Hani refused and as a result was arrested. | After the arrival of ‘Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad in Kufa, Muslim left Mukhtar’s house and went to [[Hani b. ‘Urwa]]’s. Although Muslim was hidden and has secret connections with Shi’a, ‘Ubayd Allah find his hiding place by recruiting spies. ‘Ubayd Allah summoned Hani and asked him to surrender Muslim. Hani refused and as a result was arrested. | ||
When Hani’s tribe, [[Midhhaj]], heard the news, they gathered in front of the governmental palace ([[Dar al-Imara]]). But, ‘Ubayd Allah scattered them by deception. He asked [[Shurayh al-Qadi]] to bear witness that Hani was his quest. | When Hani’s tribe, [[Midhhaj]], heard the news, they gathered in front of the governmental palace ([[Dar al-Imara]]). But, ‘Ubayd Allah scattered them by deception. He asked [[Shurayh al-Qadi]] to bear witness that Hani was his quest. | ||
When the news reached Muslim, he prepared 4000 people by the motto “O Victorious! make them die” (Ya Mansur, Amit!)and surrounded the palace. ‘Ubayd Allah asked some heads of kufa to scatter them by giving them money or frightening them from the Levant’s army. His plot succeeded and people left Muslim gradually. By night, Muslim was alone and did not even have a place to sleep. Finally, he asked a woman named [[Taw’a]], whose house he was standing next to, for some water. When the woman recognized him, asked him to stay at her house for the night. The woman’s son realized that Muslim was in the house, so in the morning he went to [[‘Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Ash’ath]] and told him that. When ‘Abd al-Rahman told his father, Ibn Ziyad give [[Muhammad b. Ash’ath]] 70 soldiers and asked him to arrest Muslim and bring him to the Palace. | When the news reached Muslim, he prepared 4000 people by the motto “O Victorious! make them die” (Ya Mansur, Amit!)and surrounded the palace. ‘Ubayd Allah asked some heads of kufa to scatter them by giving them money or frightening them from the Levant’s army. His plot succeeded and people left Muslim gradually. By night, Muslim was alone and did not even have a place to sleep. Finally, he asked a woman named [[Taw’a]], whose house he was standing next to, for some water. When the woman recognized him, asked him to stay at her house for the night. The woman’s son realized that Muslim was in the house, so in the morning he went to [[‘Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Ash’ath]] and told him that. When ‘Abd al-Rahman told his father, Ibn Ziyad give [[Muhammad b. Ash’ath]] 70 soldiers and asked him to arrest Muslim and bring him to the Palace. | ||
After a fight between Muslim and the soldiers, Muhammad b. Ash’ath said to Muslim that if he surrenders, no one will harm him. Thus, Muslim surrendered and was took to the palace. But, Ibn Ziyad refused Muhammad b. Ash’ath’s words and after a struggle between Muslim and him, he ordered to take Muslim to the roof of the palace and to behead him. | After a fight between Muslim and the soldiers, Muhammad b. Ash’ath said to Muslim that if he surrenders, no one will harm him. Thus, Muslim surrendered and was took to the palace. But, Ibn Ziyad refused Muhammad b. Ash’ath’s words and after a struggle between Muslim and him, he ordered to take Muslim to the roof of the palace and to behead him. | ||
After Muslim’s martyrdom, Ibn Ziyad also gives his orders of killing Hani b. ‘Urwa. Then he sent their heads to [[Yazid b. Mu’awiyya]] in [[Damascus]]. | After Muslim’s martyrdom, Ibn Ziyad also gives his orders of killing Hani b. ‘Urwa. Then he sent their heads to [[Yazid b. Mu’awiyya]] in [[Damascus]]. | ||
[[fa:مسلم بن عقیل]] | |||
[[ar:مسلم بن عقيل]] | |||
[[tr:Müslim bin Akil]] | |||