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Muslim b. Aqil: Difference between revisions
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'''Muslim b. ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib''' (مسلم بن عقیل بن ابي طالب) | '''Muslim b. ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib''' (مسلم بن عقیل بن ابي طالب), cousin of Imam al-Husayn (a) and one of his companions in his [[movement of Imam Husayn (a)|movement against Yazid b. Mu'awiya]]. He was martyred before [[the day of 'Ashura]] in [[Kufa]].<ref>Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p.52</ref> [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] received numerous letters form the people of kufa inviting him to the city, he sent Muslim to Kufa as his representative to see if the conditions are ready for his presence and if the people are really supporting him. According to a report, 27 days before his martyrdom, Muslim wrote a letter to al-Imam Husayn (a) and informed him that the people are ready and waiting for you.<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'', vol.4 p.297</ref> However, after that [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] was appointed as the governor of Kufa and because people were afraid of him, they suddenly left Muslim alone. Thus, he was arrested and martyred in the day of [['Arafa]] (Dhu al-Hijja 9th) in 60 (September 13, 680).<ref>Amin, ''A'yan al-shi'a'', vol.1 p.593</ref> | ||
==Birth, Lineage and Martyrdom== | ==Birth, Lineage and Martyrdom== | ||
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His father [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] ([[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s brother) was a genealogist<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, ''al-Isti'ab'', vol.3 p.1079</ref> and an eloquent speaker.<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, ''al-Istidhkar'', vol.8 p.249</ref> | His father [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] ([[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s brother) was a genealogist<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, ''al-Isti'ab'', vol.3 p.1079</ref> and an eloquent speaker.<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, ''al-Istidhkar'', vol.8 p.249</ref> | ||
His mother was a slave woman, 'Aqil had bought from [[Sham]], called 'Alliyya<ref>Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p.52</ref> (or according to | His mother was a slave woman, 'Aqil had bought from [[Sham]], called 'Alliyya<ref>Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p.52</ref> (or according to al-Baladhuri's report Hilliyya)<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.3 p.224</ref>. | ||
Ibn Habban (d. 354/965), one of the [[Sunni]] scholars, writes, "Muslim b. 'Aqil al-Hashimi. His [[kuniya]] was Abu Dawud. He was the most similar person to [[the Prophet (s)]] among the sons of [['Abd al-Muttalib]]. He was contemporaneous with some of | Ibn Habban (d. 354/965), one of the [[Sunni]] scholars, writes, "Muslim b. 'Aqil al-Hashimi. His [[kuniya]] was Abu Dawud. He was the most similar person to [[the Prophet (s)]] among the sons of [['Abd al-Muttalib]]. He was contemporaneous with some of [[sahaba|the companions of the Prophet]] (s)."<ref>Ibn Habban, ''al-Thiqat'', vol.5 p.391</ref> | ||
Baladhuri has described him as the most powerful and brave son of 'Aqil.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.77</ref> | Baladhuri has described him as the most powerful and brave son of 'Aqil.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.77</ref> | ||
He was buried next to [[ | He was buried next to [[Mosque of Kufa]].<ref>Sayyid al-Buraqi, ''Tarikh al-Kufa'', p.98</ref> | ||
==Wife and Children== | ==Wife and Children== | ||
Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani writes, "Muslim did not have (male) children."<ref>Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p.52</ref> Nevertheless, many historians have mentioned sons and daughters for him. | Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani writes, "Muslim did not have (male) children."<ref>Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p.52</ref> Nevertheless, many historians have mentioned sons and daughters for him. | ||
Tabari mentions [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], whom 'Amr b. Subayh al-Sada'i hit by an arrow on the [[day of 'Ashura]] in [[Karbala]]. Then he was attacked by a group of soldiers and martyred.<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'', vol.4 p.341</ref> | Tabari mentions [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], whom [['Amr b. Subayh al-Sada'i]] hit by an arrow on the [[day of 'Ashura]] in [[Karbala]]. Then he was attacked by a group of soldiers and martyred.<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'', vol.4 p.341</ref> | ||
He adds that 'Abd Allah's mother was [[Ruqayya bt. 'Ali]], whose mother was a slave woman. He continues that some have said that his murderer was Usayd b. Malik al-Hadrami.<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'', vol.4 p.359</ref> However, in another place he mentions Zayd b. Ruqad, who was later killed by [[Mukhtar]] | He adds that 'Abd Allah's mother was [[Ruqayya bt. 'Ali (a)]], whose mother was a slave woman. He continues that some have said that his murderer was Usayd b. Malik al-Hadrami.<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'', vol.4 p.359</ref> However, in another place he mentions Zayd b. Ruqad, who was later killed by [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafi|Mukhtar's]] order.<ref>Tabari, ''Tarikh'', vol.4 p.534</ref> | ||
Also, Qadi Nu'man al-Maghribi mentions a son for Muslim named 'Abd Allah, whose mother was Ruqayya bt. 'Ali and was martyred in Karbala by 'Amr b. Subayh or according to some reports by Asad b. Malik.<ref>Qadi Nu'man, ''Sharh al-akhbar'', vol.3 p.195</ref> | Also, Qadi Nu'man al-Maghribi mentions a son for Muslim named 'Abd Allah, whose mother was Ruqayya bt. 'Ali and was martyred in Karbala by 'Amr b. Subayh or according to some reports by Asad b. Malik.<ref>Qadi Nu'man, ''Sharh al-akhbar'', vol.3 p.195</ref> | ||
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Counting the martyred companions of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned a son for Muslim with the same identity as the preceding reports.<ref>Tusi, ''Rijal'', p.103</ref> | Counting the martyred companions of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned a son for Muslim with the same identity as the preceding reports.<ref>Tusi, ''Rijal'', p.103</ref> | ||
Baladhuri reports that there was a young person in Karbala by the name 'Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil b. Abi Talib, whom Zayd b. Ruqad al-Janbi hit on the forehead and heart by arrows and killed.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.6 p.407-408</ref> However, in another place he says that 'Amr b. Subayh hit him by arrow then a group of soldiers attacked him and killed him.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.3 p.200</ref> | al-Baladhuri reports that there was a young person in Karbala by the name 'Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil b. Abi Talib, whom Zayd b. Ruqad al-Janbi hit on the forehead and heart by arrows and killed.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.6 p.407-408</ref> However, in another place he says that 'Amr b. Subayh hit him by arrow then a group of soldiers attacked him and killed him.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.3 p.200</ref> | ||
Counting his children, he writes, "'Abd Allah and Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. 'Ali- Muslim (b. Muslim) whose mother was from the tribe of Bani 'Amir b. Sa'sa'a, 'Abd Allah, whose mother was a slave woman and Muhammad." He did not give the name of the last one's mother.<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.70-71</ref> Baladhuri adds that Ruqayya's mother was called Sahba' and her complete name was "Umm Habib bt. Habib b. Bujayz al-Taghlibi from the region of 'Ayn ai-Tamr."<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.192</ref> | Counting his children, he writes, "'Abd Allah and 'Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. 'Ali- Muslim (b. Muslim) whose mother was from the tribe of Bani 'Amir b. Sa'sa'a, 'Abd Allah, whose mother was a slave woman and Muhammad." He did not give the name of the last one's mother.<ref>al-Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.70-71</ref> al-Baladhuri adds that Ruqayya's mother was called Sahba' and her complete name was "Umm Habib bt. Habib b. Bujayz al-Taghlibi from the region of 'Ayn ai-Tamr."<ref>Baladhari, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol.2 p.192</ref> | ||
Dhahabi mentions two son for Muslim named 'Abd Allah and 'Abd al-Rahman who were martyred in Karbala.<ref>Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala''', vol.3 p.320</ref> | Dhahabi mentions two son for Muslim named 'Abd Allah and 'Abd al-Rahman who were martyred in Karbala.<ref>Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala''', vol.3 p.320</ref> | ||
[[Tabrisi]] writes, "Ruqayya bt. 'Ali was Muslim b. 'Aqil's wife, who gave birth to 'Abd Allah -who was martyred in [[Taff]] (Karbala)- 'Ali and Muhammad.<ref>Tabrisi, ''I'lam al-wara'', vol.1 p.397</ref> | [[al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|al-Tabrisi]] writes, "Ruqayya bt. 'Ali was Muslim b. 'Aqil's wife, who gave birth to 'Abd Allah -who was martyred in [[Taff]] (Karbala)- 'Ali and Muhammad.<ref>Tabrisi, ''I'lam al-wara'', vol.1 p.397</ref> | ||
Ibn Qutayba writes counting Muslim's children, "'Abd Allah, 'Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. 'Ali- Muslim and 'Abd al-'Aziz."<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Ma'arif'', p.204</ref> He did not mentions the mother of the two last ones. | Ibn Qutayba writes counting Muslim's children, "'Abd Allah, 'Ali -who were born from Ruqayya bt. 'Ali- Muslim and 'Abd al-'Aziz."<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Ma'arif'', p.204</ref> He did not mentions the mother of the two last ones. | ||