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Umm al-Banin (a): Difference between revisions
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'''Fāṭima bt. Ḥizām''' (Arabic: {{ia|فاطمة بنت حزام}}) (d. [[64]]/[[684 CE|684]]) well-known as '''Umm al-Banīn''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|أمّ البَنین}}) is one of the wives of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and is one of the most honorable [[Shi'a]] personalities. She is the mother of [['Abbas]] and three other sons, [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali (a)|'Abd Allah]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali (a)|Ja'far]] and [['Uthman b. 'Ali (a)|'Uthman]] all of whom were martyred | '''Fāṭima bt. Ḥizām''' (Arabic: {{ia|فاطمة بنت حزام}}) (d. [[64]]/[[684 CE|684]]) well-known as '''Umm al-Banīn''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|أمّ البَنین}}) is one of the wives of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and is one of the most honorable [[Shi'a]] personalities. She is the mother of [['Abbas]] and three other sons, [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali (a)|'Abd Allah]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali (a)|Ja'far]] and [['Uthman b. 'Ali (a)|'Uthman]] all of whom were martyred in the [[Battle of 'Ashura]]. Because she had four sons, she was called Umm al-Banin (mother of the sons). After the [[martyrdom]] of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], Umm al-Banin mourned the Imam (a) and her children so sorrowfully that even the enemies of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] accompanied her. According to Shi'a point of view, her mourning for Imam al-Husayn (a) before mourning for her children and her respect toward the children of the [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] indicate that she had a high level of religious true knowledge. Her tomb in [[al-Baqi' cemetery|al-Baqi']] is a [[ziyara]] site for Shi'a. | ||
==Lineage and Demise== | ==Lineage and Demise== | ||
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It has been narrated that after the demise of [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] in [[11]]/632 , [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] consulted with his brother -[['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], who was an expert in Arab genealogy, about choosing a wife with a good lineage who will give birth to courageous and brave children. 'Aqil suggested Fatima bt. Hizam b. Khalid and added that among Arab, no one is more courageous than the men of [[Banu Kilab]]. Thus, Imam 'Ali (a) married her.<ref>Ibn 'Inaba, '''Umdat al-talib'', p.357</ref> | It has been narrated that after the demise of [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] in [[11]]/632 , [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] consulted with his brother -[['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], who was an expert in Arab genealogy, about choosing a wife with a good lineage who will give birth to courageous and brave children. 'Aqil suggested Fatima bt. Hizam b. Khalid and added that among Arab, no one is more courageous than the men of [[Banu Kilab]]. Thus, Imam 'Ali (a) married her.<ref>Ibn 'Inaba, '''Umdat al-talib'', p.357</ref> | ||
She gave birth to four sons –[['Abbas b. 'Ali|'Abbas (a)]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and [['Uthman b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Uthman]]. Her | She gave birth to four sons –[['Abbas b. 'Ali|'Abbas (a)]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and [['Uthman b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Uthman]]. Her four sons were renowned for their courage and bravery. So, she was called Umm al-Banin (mother of the sons). All of her sons were martyred fighting along with [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], in [[Karbala]].<ref>Ibn 'Inaba, '''Umdat al-talib'', p.356; Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p.82-84; </ref> | ||
It is quoted that a while after the marriage, she suggested Imam 'Ali (a) to call her Umm al-Banin instead of Fatima, which was her original name, because the children of Fatima al-Zahra (a) would remember their mother and the sad memories by hearing "Fatima". | It is quoted that a while after the marriage, she suggested Imam 'Ali (a) to call her Umm al-Banin instead of Fatima, which was her original name, because the children of Fatima al-Zahra (a) would remember their mother and the sad memories by hearing "Fatima". | ||
==After the | ==After the Battle of Karbala== | ||
Umm al-Banin was not present in [[Karbala]]. When the caravan of the [[Captives of Karbala]] arrived in [[Medina]], someone informed her about the martyrdom of her sons; but she asked: "Tell me about al-Husayn (a)." When she heard that [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was martyred, she said: "I wish my children and everything in the world were ransom for al-Husayn (a) and he would have survived. "These words shows her great loyalty toward [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and especially Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Hassun, ''A'lam al-nisa' al-mu'minat'', p.496-497</ref> | Umm al-Banin was not present in [[Karbala]]. When the caravan of the [[Captives of Karbala]] arrived in [[Medina]], someone informed her about the martyrdom of her sons; but she asked: "Tell me about al-Husayn (a)." When she heard that [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was martyred, she said: "I wish my children and everything in the world were ransom for al-Husayn (a) and he would have survived. "These words shows her great loyalty toward [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and especially Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Hassun, ''A'lam al-nisa' al-mu'minat'', p.496-497</ref> | ||
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==Mourning for Children== | ==Mourning for Children== | ||
{{Map of al-Baqi'}} | {{Map of al-Baqi'}} | ||
After that she received the news of her sons' martyrdom, she went to [[al-Baqi' Cemetery]] every day with her grandson, [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas|'Ubayd Allah]] (son of [['Abbas]]). | After that she received the news of her sons' martyrdom, she went to [[al-Baqi' Cemetery]] every day with her grandson, [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas|'Ubayd Allah]] (son of [['Abbas]]). She recited the lament that she had composed for her sons and cried sorrowfully. People of [[Medina]] gathered around her and cried along with her. It is even said that [[Marwan b. Hakam]] also cried with them.<ref>Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p.85</ref> She recited this lament which she had composed for 'Abbas: | ||
"O, he who saw 'Abbas attacking a multitude of enemy and the sons of 'Ali (a) were backing him up like brave lions. I was told that my son was hit on the head while his hands were cut. Woe unto me! my son had lowered his head [that] he was hit on the head. If his sword was in his hand, no one would have dared to approach him."<ref>Shubbar, ''Adab al-taff'', vol.1 p.72</ref> | "O, he who saw 'Abbas attacking a multitude of enemy and the sons of 'Ali (a) were backing him up like brave lions. I was told that my son was hit on the head while his hands were cut. Woe unto me! my son had lowered his head [that] he was hit on the head. If his sword was in his hand, no one would have dared to approach him."<ref>Shubbar, ''Adab al-taff'', vol.1 p.72</ref> | ||
==Words of Scholars== | ==Words of Scholars== | ||
Zayn al-Din al-'Amili, known as [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] says, "Umm al-Banin is a virtuous lady. She had a great affection and loyalty toward the family of the [[Prophet (s)]] and devoted her life to serve them. In | Zayn al-Din al-'Amili, known as [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] says, "Umm al-Banin is a virtuous lady. She had a great affection and loyalty toward the family of the [[Prophet (s)]] and devoted her life to serve them. In return, the household of the Prophet considered a special status for her and honored her. They visited her on the days of [[Eid]] (Islamic holidays) as a sign of respect." | ||
[[Sayyid Mahmud Shahrudi]] (d. [[Sha'ban 17]], [[1394]]/[[September 5]], 1974) said, "When I face troubles, I recite [[Salawat]] hundred times for [[Abu l-Fadl]] al-'Abbas's mother -Umm al-Banin- and after that my problem is solved." | [[Sayyid Mahmud Shahrudi]] (d. [[Sha'ban 17]], [[1394]]/[[September 5]], 1974) said, "When I face troubles, I recite [[Salawat]] hundred times for [[Abu l-Fadl]] al-'Abbas's mother -Umm al-Banin- and after that my problem is solved." | ||
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[[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] writes in his book [[A'yan al-Shi'a]], "Umm al-Banin was an eloquent poet, from a noble and brave family."<ref>Amin, ''A'yan al-shi'a'', vol.8 p.389</ref> | [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] writes in his book [[A'yan al-Shi'a]], "Umm al-Banin was an eloquent poet, from a noble and brave family."<ref>Amin, ''A'yan al-shi'a'', vol.8 p.389</ref> | ||
[[Al-Muqarram]] says, "Umm al-Banin is counted among the virtuous ladies. She knew the right of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] very well and | [[Al-Muqarram]] says, "Umm al-Banin is counted among the virtuous ladies. She knew the right of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] very well and loved them sincerely. In return, she had a special position among them."<ref>al-Dukhayl, ''al-'Abbas'', p.18</ref> | ||
'Ali Muhammad 'Ali al-Dukhayl, a contemporary Arab writer, writes describing this great lady, "The greatness of this woman becomes obvious by this event: when she heard the news of martyrdom of her sons, she did not pay attention to it, but asked about Imam al-Husayn (a). It is as if, Imam al-Husayn (a) is her son not her own sons."<ref>al-Dukhayl, ''al-'Abbas'', p.18</ref> | 'Ali Muhammad 'Ali al-Dukhayl, a contemporary Arab writer, writes describing this great lady, "The greatness of this woman becomes obvious by this event: when she heard the news of martyrdom of her sons, she did not pay attention to it, but asked about Imam al-Husayn (a). It is as if, Imam al-Husayn (a) is her son not her own sons."<ref>al-Dukhayl, ''al-'Abbas'', p.18</ref> | ||
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[[Category:Buried in al-Baqi cemetery]] | [[Category:Buried in al-Baqi cemetery]] | ||
[[Category:Wives of Imam Ali (a)]] | [[Category:Wives of Imam Ali (a)]] | ||