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Hadith al-Kisa': Difference between revisions
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None of the [[hadith]]s about the event of kisa' have expressed it completely, but each one had mentioned a part of it. The following is the description of the event using the entire body of hadiths in this regard: | None of the [[hadith]]s about the event of kisa' have expressed it completely, but each one had mentioned a part of it. The following is the description of the event using the entire body of hadiths in this regard: | ||
"[[The Prophet (s)]] was in the house of one his | "[[The Prophet (s)]] was in the house of one of his wives, [[Umm Salama]]. He was expecting an important message about some of his relatives, so he told Umm Salama not to let anyone in. In the same time, [[Lady Fatima (a)]], the daughter of the Prophet (s) decided to make a food, named 'asida, for her father and brings it to him. Umm Salama says: 'I couldn't prevent Fatima from entering', the Prophet (s) told his daughter: 'Go and bring your husband and your two sons', so Fatima (a) went to her house immediately and returned with [['Ali (a)]], [[al-Hasan (a)]], and [[al-Husayn (a)]]. Umm Salama went to a corner and started a prayer by a cue from the Prophet (s). | ||
The Prophet (s), Ali (a), Fatima (a), al-Hasan (a), and al-Husayn (a) sat around a cloth spread for the food. The Prophet (s) covered himself and 'Ali (a) and Fatima (a) and al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) with his kisa' (cloak), raised the palm of his right hand to the sky and said: O [[Allah]]! These are my [[Ahl al-Bayt]] (family) so repel all impurity from them and purify them with a thorough purification." | The Prophet (s), Ali (a), Fatima (a), al-Hasan (a), and al-Husayn (a) sat around a cloth spread for the food. The Prophet (s) covered himself and 'Ali (a) and Fatima (a) and al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) with his kisa' (cloak), raised the palm of his right hand to the sky and said: O [[Allah]]! These are my [[Ahl al-Bayt]] (family) so repel all impurity from them and purify them with a thorough purification." | ||
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Then [[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came down and revealed the [[Tathir verse]]: Indeed Allah desires to repel all impurity from only you, O Ahl al-Bayt (People of the Household), and purify you with a thorough purification.([[Qur'an: 33|Qur'an 33]]:33) | Then [[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel) came down and revealed the [[Tathir verse]]: Indeed Allah desires to repel all impurity from only you, O Ahl al-Bayt (People of the Household), and purify you with a thorough purification.([[Qur'an: 33|Qur'an 33]]:33) | ||
Umm Salama wanted to enter under the kisa', but the Prophet (s) prevented her | Umm Salama wanted to enter under the kisa', but the Prophet (s) prevented her. She asked: 'Am I not one of the Ahl al-Bayt?'. The Prophet (s) said: 'you are on the path of righteousness and goodness, you are one of the wives of the prophet of Allah.'"<ref>Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, ''Ahl al-Bayt dar Qurʾān wa hadīth'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref> | ||
==Place== | ==Place== | ||
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==Authenticity== | ==Authenticity== | ||
The authenticity of the event is not doubted at all, and great [[Muhaddith]]s have narrated it in their | The authenticity of the event is not doubted at all, and great [[Muhaddith]]s have narrated it in their books. The hadith is [[Mustafid]], and even with broader research, it could be claimed to be [[Mutawatir]]. The event was so famous in the Islamic society that the day of it became known as the day of Kisa' and the five persons who were the subject of the special favor of God in the event were known as Ahl al-Kisa' or [[Ashab al-Kisa']] (the people of Kisa').<ref>Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, ''Ahl bayt dar Qurʾān wa hadīth'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref> | ||
[[Muhammad b. Jarir b. Rustam al-Tabari|Al-Tabari]] has written in his book ''[[Dala'il al-imama]]'': the Muslims built a consensus that in the time of the revelation of the Tathir Verse, the [[Prophet (s)]] called [['Ali]], [[Fatima]], [[al-Hasan]], and [[al-Husayn]] and covered them with his kisa' and | [[Muhammad b. Jarir b. Rustam al-Tabari|Al-Tabari]] has written in his book ''[[Dala'il al-imama]]'': the Muslims built a consensus that in the time of the revelation of the Tathir Verse, the [[Prophet (s)]] called [['Ali]], [[Fatima]], [[al-Hasan]], and [[al-Husayn]] and covered them with his kisa' and prayed: 'O Allah! These are my family so repel all impurity from them and purify them with a thorough purification'."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', p. 21.</ref> | ||
===In Shi'a Books=== | ===In Shi'a Books=== | ||
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===In Sunni Books=== | ===In Sunni Books=== | ||
Hadith al-Kisa' is narrated in [[Sunni]] Hadith books as well. The hadith is narrated in ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'': [[Aisha]] says: one day, the [[Prophet (s)]] | Hadith al-Kisa' is narrated in [[Sunni]] Hadith books as well. The hadith is narrated in ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'': [[Aisha]] says: one day, the [[Prophet (s)]] came, with a kisa' (cloak), woven from black wool, on his shoulder. First, [[al-Hasan (a)]] came and the Prophet (s) covered him with the kisa', then [[al-Husayn (a)]] came, he covered him with the kisa', then [[Fatima (a)]] came and went under the Kisa', and then [['Ali (a)]] came and the Prophet (s) covered him with the others with the kisa' and said: "Indeed Allah desires to repel all impurity from only you, O Ahl al-Bayt, and purify you with a thorough purification."<ref>Muslim, ''Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim'', vol. 15, p. 190.</ref> | ||
Ibn Hajar in ''[[al-Sawa'iq al-muhriqa]]'': it is narrated with authentic [[chain of transmission]] that the Prophet (s) covered the four with a kisa' and said: "O Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt and special people to me, so repel all impurity from them and purify them with a thorough purification.".<ref>Ibn Ḥajar, ''al-Ṣawāʾiq al-muḥriqa'', p. 143.</ref> Ibn Athir in ''[[Usd al-ghaba]]''<ref>Ibn al-athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 4, p. 29.</ref> and Ahmad b. Hanbal in his ''[[Musnad Ahamd Hanbal|Musnad]]''<ref>Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, ''Musnad Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal'', vol. 7, p. 415.</ref> have narrated the hadith. Ibn Taymiyya writes in ''[[Minhaj al-sunna]]'': "the Hadith al-Kisa' is one of the authentic Hadiths that [[al-Tirmidhi]] has narrated it from [[Umm Salama]], and Muslim had narrated it from Aisha in his ''Sahih''."<ref>Ibn Taymīyya, ''Minhāj al-sunna'', vol. 5, p. 13.</ref> | Ibn Hajar in ''[[al-Sawa'iq al-muhriqa]]'': it is narrated with authentic [[chain of transmission]] that the Prophet (s) covered the four with a kisa' and said: "O Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt and special people to me, so repel all impurity from them and purify them with a thorough purification.".<ref>Ibn Ḥajar, ''al-Ṣawāʾiq al-muḥriqa'', p. 143.</ref> Ibn Athir in ''[[Usd al-ghaba]]''<ref>Ibn al-athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 4, p. 29.</ref> and Ahmad b. Hanbal in his ''[[Musnad Ahamd Hanbal|Musnad]]''<ref>Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, ''Musnad Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal'', vol. 7, p. 415.</ref> have narrated the hadith. Ibn Taymiyya writes in ''[[Minhaj al-sunna]]'': "the Hadith al-Kisa' is one of the authentic Hadiths that [[al-Tirmidhi]] has narrated it from [[Umm Salama]], and Muslim had narrated it from Aisha in his ''Sahih''."<ref>Ibn Taymīyya, ''Minhāj al-sunna'', vol. 5, p. 13.</ref> | ||
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Expressing one of the reasons of his legitimacy for the [[caliphate]] of the [[Prophet (s)]], [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] mentioned the Hadith al-Kisa' and told [[Abu Bakr]]: "The [[Tathir verse]] is revealed about me and my family or you and your family?" He answered: "indeed, about you and your family". Imam 'Ali (a) asked: "I swear you to Allah! My family and I were the subject to the supplication of the Prophet (s) that: 'O Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt who are coming toward you, not toward the fire' or you?"…<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', 1372 Sh, vol. 2, p. 335.</ref> | Expressing one of the reasons of his legitimacy for the [[caliphate]] of the [[Prophet (s)]], [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] mentioned the Hadith al-Kisa' and told [[Abu Bakr]]: "The [[Tathir verse]] is revealed about me and my family or you and your family?" He answered: "indeed, about you and your family". Imam 'Ali (a) asked: "I swear you to Allah! My family and I were the subject to the supplication of the Prophet (s) that: 'O Allah! These are my Ahl al-Bayt who are coming toward you, not toward the fire' or you?"…<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', 1372 Sh, vol. 2, p. 335.</ref> | ||
Also, Imam 'Ali (a) mentioned Hadith al-Kisa' as a reason for his priority for ruling and for the caliphate of the Prophet (s), in the council which [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] had set | Also, Imam 'Ali (a) mentioned Hadith al-Kisa' as a reason for his priority for ruling and for the caliphate of the Prophet (s), in the council which [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] had set to assign the next caliph.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', 1362 Sh, vol. 2, p. 561.</ref> | ||
Once the companions of the Prophet (s) were boasting about their virtues, Imam 'Ali (a) mentioned Hadith al-Kisa', expressing the superiority of himself and his family.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma'', vol. 1, p. 278.</ref> | Once the companions of the Prophet (s) were boasting about their virtues, Imam 'Ali (a) mentioned Hadith al-Kisa', expressing the superiority of himself and his family.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma'', vol. 1, p. 278.</ref> | ||
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==Books about Hadith al-Kisa'== | ==Books about Hadith al-Kisa'== | ||
Some of [[Shi'a]] scholars have written books about the authenticity of Hadith al-Kisa', | Some of [[Shi'a]] scholars have written books about the authenticity of Hadith al-Kisa', such as: | ||
* ''Sanad-i Hadith-i Kisa''', [[Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi]], 1356/1937-38. | * ''Sanad-i Hadith-i Kisa''', [[Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi]], 1356/1937-38. | ||
* ''Ayat al-Tathir fi | * ''Ayat al-Tathir fi l-khamsat ahl al-Kisa''', Muhyi al-Din al-Musawi al-Ghurayfi, 1377/1957-58. | ||
* ''Hadith al-Kisa' 'ind ahl al-Sunna'', [[Sayyid Murtada 'Askari]], first publication: 1395/1975, the second publication with the addition of Shi'a sources: 1402/1981-82. | * ''Hadith al-Kisa' 'ind ahl al-Sunna'', [[Sayyid Murtada 'Askari]], first publication: 1395/1975, the second publication with the addition of Shi'a sources: 1402/1981-82. | ||
Also there are commentaries about Hadith al-Kisa', | Also there are commentaries about Hadith al-Kisa', such as: | ||
* ''Al-Tuhfa al-kisa'iyya'', [[Shaykh Bafghi Yazdi]] (d. 1310/1892-93) | * ''Al-Tuhfa al-kisa'iyya'', [[Shaykh Bafghi Yazdi]] (d. 1310/1892-93) | ||