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Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a): Difference between revisions
Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a) (view source)
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{{infobox Imam | {{infobox Imam | ||
|name = 'Ali b. Muhammad | |name = 'Ali b. Muhammad | ||
|sequential number = 10th [[Imamate| | |sequential number = 10th [[Imamate|Imam]] of the Shia<!--e.g. 1st Imam of Shi'a--> | ||
|main title = Al-Hadi (the guide) | |main title = Al-Hadi (the guide) | ||
|image = مرقد امام هادی علیه السلام.jpg | |image = مرقد امام هادی علیه السلام.jpg | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Abu l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Hādī''', (b. [[212]]/828 - d. [[254]]/868) (Arabic:{{iarabic|ابوالحسن علي بن محمد الهادي}}) was the son of [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] and he was the tenth of the [[twelve | '''Abu l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Hādī''', (b. [[212]]/828 - d. [[254]]/868) (Arabic:{{iarabic|ابوالحسن علي بن محمد الهادي}}) was the son of [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] and he was the tenth of the [[twelve Imams]] of the [[Shia]]. He is also known as '''al-Naqī''' ({{ia|النقي}}, the pure) and '''al-Hādī''' ({{ia|الهادي}}, the guide). He was the [[Imam]] (leader) between [[220]]/835 and [[254]]/868 for a period of thirty-four years. | ||
Many years of the [[imamate]] (leadership) of Imam al-Hadi (a) took place in [[Samarra]] under direct surveillance of the rulers of his time. His imamate was contemporary with the rule of some [[Abbasid caliphs]] including [[al-Mutawakkil al-'Abbasi]]. | Many years of the [[imamate]] (leadership) of Imam al-Hadi (a) took place in [[Samarra]] under direct surveillance of the rulers of his time. His imamate was contemporary with the rule of some [[Abbasid caliphs]] including [[al-Mutawakkil al-'Abbasi]]. | ||
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One of the deviations [[Ghulat]] (exaggerators) brought up and caused other Islamic sects to attack the [[Shi'a]], was the issue of [[Integrity of the Holy Qur'an|altering the Qur'an]] .[[Sunni]]s are also affected by this due to the insertion of inauthentic [[Hadith|hadiths]] in their books. | One of the deviations [[Ghulat]] (exaggerators) brought up and caused other Islamic sects to attack the [[Shi'a]], was the issue of [[Integrity of the Holy Qur'an|altering the Qur'an]] .[[Sunni]]s are also affected by this due to the insertion of inauthentic [[Hadith|hadiths]] in their books. | ||
Against this accusation, [[ | Against this accusation, [[Imams (a)]] of the Shia have always given priority to the [[Qur'an]] and have regarded any hadith opposite to the Qur'an as invalid and false. | ||
In an extensive treatise narrated by [[Ibn Shu'ba al-Harrani]], Imam al-Hadi (a) strictly insisted on the priority of the Qur'an and mentioned it as an accurate standard for assessment of hadiths and distinguishing authentic ones from inauthentic ones. He officially declared the Qur'an as the only text that all Islamic groups refer to. | In an extensive treatise narrated by [[Ibn Shu'ba al-Harrani]], Imam al-Hadi (a) strictly insisted on the priority of the Qur'an and mentioned it as an accurate standard for assessment of hadiths and distinguishing authentic ones from inauthentic ones. He officially declared the Qur'an as the only text that all Islamic groups refer to. | ||
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Different opinions among different [[Shi'a]] sects made it difficult for the Imams (a) to direct the people. The Shi'ites were scattered in different regions which meant that every once in a while, they became influenced by others' opinions which added to the former mentioned issue. In this confusion, non-Shi'a groups and anti-Shi'a oppositions incited these disagreements and falsely projected them deeper than they actually were. There is a narration from [[al-Kashshi]] that explicitly shows a person made up three sects named Zurariyya, 'Ammariyya, and Ya'furiyya and attributed them to each of the great [[:Category:Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions]] of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] (i.e. [[Zurara b. A'yan]], [['Ammar al-Sabati]], and [[Ibn Abi Ya'fur]]).<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Ikhtiyar ma'rifat al-rijal'', p. 265</ref> | Different opinions among different [[Shi'a]] sects made it difficult for the Imams (a) to direct the people. The Shi'ites were scattered in different regions which meant that every once in a while, they became influenced by others' opinions which added to the former mentioned issue. In this confusion, non-Shi'a groups and anti-Shi'a oppositions incited these disagreements and falsely projected them deeper than they actually were. There is a narration from [[al-Kashshi]] that explicitly shows a person made up three sects named Zurariyya, 'Ammariyya, and Ya'furiyya and attributed them to each of the great [[:Category:Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions]] of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] (i.e. [[Zurara b. A'yan]], [['Ammar al-Sabati]], and [[Ibn Abi Ya'fur]]).<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Ikhtiyar ma'rifat al-rijal'', p. 265</ref> | ||
Imams (a) of the Shia sometimes confronted questions, origins of some of which were these disagreements among Shi'a scholars, which were sometimes just discussion-oriented or sometimes deeper and the Imams (a) had to be judges among these issues. | |||
One of these issues was [[Tashbih]] and [[Tanzih]] of [[Divine Attributes]]. Since the beginning, | One of these issues was [[Tashbih]] and [[Tanzih]] of [[Divine Attributes]]. Since the beginning, Imams (a) of the Shia insisted on the truth of the theory of Tanzih. | ||
Discussions of [[Hisham b. al-Hakam]] and [[Hisham b. Salim]] on Tashbih and Tanzih caused disagreements among the Shi'a and Imams (a) frequently encountered questions in relation to these topics. | Discussions of [[Hisham b. al-Hakam]] and [[Hisham b. Salim]] on Tashbih and Tanzih caused disagreements among the Shi'a and Imams (a) frequently encountered questions in relation to these topics. | ||
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Consequently, more than twenty one narrations are reported from Imam al-Hadi (a) about Tanzih, some of which are very comprehensive and they all indicate that Imam (a) approved of Tanzih.<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)'', pp. 84-94</ref> | Consequently, more than twenty one narrations are reported from Imam al-Hadi (a) about Tanzih, some of which are very comprehensive and they all indicate that Imam (a) approved of Tanzih.<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)'', pp. 84-94</ref> | ||
Regarding the | Regarding the Imams' (a) opinions about [[predestination and free will]], there is a comprehensive treatise available from Imam al-Hadi (a). In this treatise, Shi'a theological principles regarding predestination and free will, are explained according to the Qur'an and the interpretation of the hadith, "La jabr wa la tafwid bal amrun bayn al-amrayn," (there is no predestination or free will, but the matter is between the two issues) narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a).<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)'', pp. 198-213</ref> | ||
Among narrations reported from Imam al-Hadi (a) with the title of Ihtijajat, most of them are about predestination and free will. | Among narrations reported from Imam al-Hadi (a) with the title of Ihtijajat, most of them are about predestination and free will. | ||
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<div style="{{column-count|3}}"> | <div style="{{column-count|3}}"> | ||
* [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] | * [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Imams of the Shia]] | ||
* [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] | * [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] | ||
* [[Imamate]] | * [[Imamate]] | ||