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Imam Muhammad b. Ali al-Baqir (a): Difference between revisions
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|label4 = Born | |label4 = Born | ||
|data4 = | |data4 = [[May 13]], 677 CE <br> ([[Rajab 1]], [[57]] AH) | ||
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|data5 = [[Medina]], Arabia | |data5 = [[Medina]], Arabia | ||
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|data7= 19 years | |data7= 19 years | ||
|label8 = Martyrdom | |label8 = Martyrdom | ||
|data8 = | |data8 = {{Death date and age|733|2|1|677|5|13|df=yes}} <br> ([[Dhu l-Hijja 7]], [[114]] AH) | ||
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|data9 = Medina, Arabia | |data9 = Medina, Arabia | ||
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'''Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. ʾAbī Ṭālib''' (Arabic: محمد بن علي بن حسین بن علي بن أبي طالب) (b. [[57]]/677 – d. [[114]]/733) known as ʾImām al-Bāqir (a), was the fifth Imam of the [[Shi'a]] school of thought, whose period of [[Imamate]] lasted nineteen years. | '''Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. ʾAbī Ṭālib''' (Arabic: محمد بن علي بن حسین بن علي بن أبي طالب) (b. [[57]]/677 – d. [[114]]/733) known as ʾImām al-Bāqir (a), was the fifth Imam of the [[Shi'a]] school of thought, whose period of [[Imamate]] lasted nineteen years. | ||
The period of the imamate of Imam al-Baqir (a) was contemporary with the weakening of the [[Umayyad]] government and the struggle among them for power. In this period, Imam al-Baqir (a) made a great scientific movement which reached its peak at the time of his son [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. He (a) was greater than anyone in knowledge, piety, grandeur, and merits. His narrations in religion, [[conduct of the Prophet (s)]], [[Qur'an sciences]], moral conduct, and manner is more than what is remained from the children of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. Thus, during his [[imamate]], a great step was taken towards organization of Shi'i thought in different fields including [[ethics]], [[fiqh]], [[ | The period of the imamate of Imam al-Baqir (a) was contemporary with the weakening of the [[Umayyad]] government and the struggle among them for power. In this period, Imam al-Baqir (a) made a great scientific movement which reached its peak at the time of his son [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. He (a) was greater than anyone in knowledge, piety, grandeur, and merits. His narrations in religion, [[conduct of the Prophet (s)]], [[Qur'an sciences]], moral conduct, and manner is more than what is remained from the children of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. Thus, during his [[imamate]], a great step was taken towards organization of Shi'i thought in different fields including [[ethics]], [[fiqh]], [[kalam]], [[tafsir]], etc. | ||
Great scholars from the [[Sunni]] school of thought attested to his scholarly and religious power. Ibn Hajar al-Haytami said, "Abu Ja'far Muhammad al-Baqir (a) disclosed hidden treasures of sciences, the truth behind rulings, wisdom, and intricate points. He (a) spent his life worshiping [[God]] and in the ranks of mystics, he reached a status beyond description. He (a) has many words in the journey towards God and Islamic teachings." | Great scholars from the [[Sunni]] school of thought attested to his scholarly and religious power. Ibn Hajar al-Haytami said, "Abu Ja'far Muhammad al-Baqir (a) disclosed hidden treasures of sciences, the truth behind rulings, wisdom, and intricate points. He (a) spent his life worshiping [[God]] and in the ranks of mystics, he reached a status beyond description. He (a) has many words in the journey towards God and Islamic teachings." | ||
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Imam al-Baqir (a) was the first [[Hashemite]] who was born to a Hashemite father and mother, also his lineage from both his parents reached [[Imam 'Ali (a)]].<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', Vol. 2, P. 158</ref> | Imam al-Baqir (a) was the first [[Hashemite]] who was born to a Hashemite father and mother, also his lineage from both his parents reached [[Imam 'Ali (a)]].<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', Vol. 2, P. 158</ref> | ||
His titles were, al-Shakir (the thankful to God), al-Hadi (the guide), and al-Baqir, the latter of which is his most famous title. The meaning of "al-Baqir" is "splitter." Al-Ya'qubi wrote that, "He (a) was named al-Baqir since he split knowledge."<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', Vol. 2, P. 289</ref> His famous kunya is Abu Ja'far. In hadith references, he (a) is mostly referred to as Abu Ja'far al-Awwal. | His titles were, al-Shakir (the thankful to God), al-Hadi (the guide), and al-Baqir, the latter of which is his most famous title. The meaning of "al-Baqir" is "splitter." Al-Ya'qubi wrote that, "He (a) was named al-Baqir since he split knowledge."<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', Vol. 2, P. 289</ref> His famous kunya is Abu Ja'far.<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Dala'il al-imama'', p. 216</ref> In hadith references, he (a) is mostly referred to as Abu Ja'far al-Awwal. | ||
{{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
== Birth | == Birth== | ||
Imam al-Baqir (a) was born on [[Friday]] [[Rajab 1]], [[57]]/[[May 13]], 677 in [[Medina]]. Some have reported his birth to have been on [[Safar 3]]/[[December 19]] of the same year (57/676)<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Vol. 46, P. 212</ref>. He was a small child and present in the [[Event of Karbala]]<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', Vol. 2, P. 289</ref>. | Imam al-Baqir (a) was born on [[Friday]] [[Rajab 1]], [[57]]/[[May 13]], 677 in [[Medina]]. Some have reported his birth to have been on [[Safar 3]]/[[December 19]] of the same year (57/676)<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Vol. 46, P. 212</ref>. He was a small child and present in the [[Event of Karbala]]<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', Vol. 2, P. 289</ref>. | ||
== Wives and Children == | == Wives and Children == | ||
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# [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] (105/723-724 - 125/742-743) | # [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] (105/723-724 - 125/742-743) | ||
Apart from 'Umar b. Abd al-'Aziz who somehow was just, the other caliphs did not exemplify justice, instead they showed great injustice and oppression towards the people, especially the [[Shi'a]]. There was a great deal of corruption, discrimination, and tendencies for revenge in their courts. | Apart from 'Umar b. Abd al-'Aziz who somehow was just, the other caliphs did not exemplify justice, instead they showed great injustice and oppression towards the people, especially the [[Shi'a]]. There was a great deal of corruption, discrimination, and tendencies for revenge in their courts.{{citation needed}} | ||
== Scientific Movement == | == Scientific Movement == | ||
From 94/712-713 to 114/732-732, there was a period of different schools of [[fiqh]] emerging and narrating many hadiths about [[ | From 94/712-713 to 114/732-732, there was a period of different schools of [[fiqh]] emerging and narrating many hadiths about [[tafsir]]. This was because of the weakening of the [[Umayyad]] government and the conflicts among statesmen over power. [[Sunni]] scholars, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, Makhul al-Shami, Hisham b. 'Urwa, etc. were active in narrating hadiths and issuing [[Fatwa]], and other groups tried to spread their own beliefs such as [[Khawarij]], [[Murji'a]], [[Kaysaniyya]], and [[Ghulat]].{{citation needed}} | ||
In this period, Imam al-Baqir (a) made a great scientific movement which reached its peak at the time of his son, [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. He (a) was superior to all nobles of [[Banu Hashim]] in knowledge, piety, dignity, and merits. His narrations in religion, [[conduct of the Prophet (s)]], [[Qur'an sciences]], moral conduct, and manners are more than what remained from the children of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] until then<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', Vol. 2, P. 507</ref>. | In this period, Imam al-Baqir (a) made a great scientific movement which reached its peak at the time of his son, [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]. He (a) was superior to all nobles of [[Banu Hashim]] in knowledge, piety, dignity, and merits. His narrations in religion, [[conduct of the Prophet (s)]], [[Qur'an sciences]], moral conduct, and manners are more than what remained from the children of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] until then<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', Vol. 2, P. 507</ref>. | ||
Before Imam al-Baqir Shi'a viewpoint were clear only in a few fiqh issues, but there was a great step taken after Imam al-Baqir (a) and an admirable cultural movement emerged from the Shi'a. It was in this age that the Shi'a school of thought began establishing its culture which included [[fiqh]], [[tafsir]], and [[ethics]]. | Before Imam al-Baqir Shi'a viewpoint were clear only in a few fiqh issues, but there was a great step taken after Imam al-Baqir (a) and an admirable cultural movement emerged from the Shi'a. It was in this age that the Shi'a school of thought began establishing its culture which included [[fiqh]], [[tafsir]], and [[ethics]].<ref>Ahmad al-Amin, ''Duha l-Islam'', vol. 1, p. 386; Ja'far Murtada al-'Amili, ''Dirasat wa buhuth fi tarikh wa l-Islam'', vol. 1, pp. 56-7, cited in Rasul Ja'fariyan, ''Hayat-i fikri wa siyasi-yi Imaman-i Shi'a'', p. 295</ref> | ||
Imam al-Baqir (a) strongly rejected reasoning of the followers of analogy ( | Imam al-Baqir (a) strongly rejected reasoning of the followers of analogy (qiyas) in fiqh<ref>Al-Hurr al-'Amili, ''Wasa'il al-Shi'a'', Vol. 18, P. 39</ref> and took sharp stances against other Islamic sects and this way tried to separate the authentic ideological domain of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] in different fields from other sects. Regarding Khawarij, he (a) said, "Khawarij suffered out of ignorance; while religion is more lenient and flexible than how they know it."<ref>Al-Shaykh al-Tusi, ''al-Tahdhib'', Vol. 1, P. 241, cited in Rasul Ja'fariyan, ''Hayat-i fikri wa siyasi-yi Imaman-i Shi'a'', p. 295</ref> | ||
The scientific fame of Imam al-Baqir (a) was not only known in [[Hijaz]] but also had spread in [[Iraq]] and [[Khurasan]], there is even a report saying about the Imam (a), "I saw people of [[Khurasan]] had circled around him and asked him their scientific questions."<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Vol. 46, P. 357</ref> | The scientific fame of Imam al-Baqir (a) was not only known in [[Hijaz]] but also had spread in [[Iraq]] and [[Khurasan]], there is even a report saying about the Imam (a), "I saw people of [[Khurasan]] had circled around him and asked him their scientific questions."<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', Vol. 46, P. 357</ref> | ||
=== Tafsir === | === Tafsir === | ||
Imam al-Baqir (a) had dedicated a part of his time to explain tafsir issues, by holding tafsir sessions and answering the questions of scholars and other people. It is said that Imam al-Baqir (a) wrote a book in [[ | Imam al-Baqir (a) had dedicated a part of his time to explain tafsir issues, by holding tafsir sessions and answering the questions of scholars and other people. It is said that Imam al-Baqir (a) wrote a book in [[tafsir]] of the [[Qur'an]] which Ibn Nadim has mentioned in his ''al-Fihrist''.<ref>Ibn Nadim, ''al-Fihrist'', P. 59; Al-Sharif al-Qurashi, Baqir, ''Hayat al-Imam Muhammad al-Baqir'', Vol. 1, P. 174</ref> | ||
Imam (a) considered the knowledge of the Qur'an only held by the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], since it is only they who can distinguish the [[Muhkamat|clear issues]] in the Qur'an from [[Mutashabihat|unclear ones]] and the [[Nasikh|abrogating]] from the [[Mansukh|abrogated]]. Such power is not held by anyone other than the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and thus Imam al-Baqir (a) said, "Nothing is farther than | Imam (a) considered the knowledge of the Qur'an only held by the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], since it is only they who can distinguish the [[Muhkamat|clear issues]] in the Qur'an from [[Mutashabihat|unclear ones]] and the [[Nasikh|abrogating]] from the [[Mansukh|abrogated]]. Such power is not held by anyone other than the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and thus Imam al-Baqir (a) said, "Nothing is farther than tafsir of the Qur'an from the reason of people; since, a [[verse]] which is a cohesive speech, the beginning of which happens to be about one issue and the end of it about another issue and this cohesive speech is interpreted from different aspects."<ref>Group of authors, ''Pishwayan-i hidayat'', P. 320</ref> | ||
=== Hadith === | === Hadith === | ||
Imam al-Baqir (a) paid particular attention to [[hadith|hadiths]] (or traditions) from the [[Prophet (s)]] to the extent that [[Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju'fi]] narrated 70,000 traditions from the noble Prophet (s) from him (a). Also, [[Aban b. Taghlib]] and other students of Imam al-Baqir (a) narrated a great number of this tremendous legacy from the Imam (a). | Imam al-Baqir (a) paid particular attention to [[hadith|hadiths]] (or traditions) from the [[Prophet (s)]] to the extent that [[Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju'fi]] narrated 70,000 traditions from the noble Prophet (s) from him (a). Also, [[Aban b. Taghlib]] and other students of Imam al-Baqir (a) narrated a great number of this tremendous legacy from the Imam (a).{{citation needed}} | ||
Imam al-Baqir (a) did not suffice to only narrating and spreading traditions, but he (a) also encouraged his companions to strive in understanding traditions and learning their meanings. In a statement, he (a) said: | Imam al-Baqir (a) did not suffice to only narrating and spreading traditions, but he (a) also encouraged his companions to strive in understanding traditions and learning their meanings. In a statement, he (a) said: | ||
::"Know the levels of our [[Shi'a]] by the number of hadiths from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] they narrate and their knowledge to them, which is the knowledge to hadith ([[ | ::"Know the levels of our [[Shi'a]] by the number of hadiths from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] they narrate and their knowledge to them, which is the knowledge to hadith ([[dirayat al-hadith]]); and it is through understanding of hadiths that the faithful reach highest levels of faith."<ref>Al-Sharif al-Qurashi, ''Hayat al-Imam Muhammad al-Baqir'', Vol. 1, PP. 140-1</ref> | ||
=== Kalam === | === Kalam === | ||
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* [[Imam al-Baqir's (a) Debate with Nafi' b. al-Azraq|Debate with Nafi' b. al-Azraq]] | * [[Imam al-Baqir's (a) Debate with Nafi' b. al-Azraq|Debate with Nafi' b. al-Azraq]] | ||
* [[Imam al-Baqir's (a) Debate with 'Abd Allah b. Mu'ammir al-Laythi|Debate with 'Abd Allah b. Mu'ammir al-Laythi]] | * [[Imam al-Baqir's (a) Debate with 'Abd Allah b. Mu'ammir al-Laythi|Debate with 'Abd Allah b. Mu'ammir al-Laythi]] | ||
* [[Imam al-Baqir's (a) Debate with Qatada b. Di'ama|Debate with Qatada b. Di'ama]] | * [[Imam al-Baqir's (a) Debate with Qatada b. Di'ama|Debate with Qatada b. Di'ama]]{{citation needed}} | ||
=== Fighting with Israelites [Beliefs Imported in Islam] === | === Fighting with Israelites [Beliefs Imported in Islam] === | ||
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== Companions and Students == | == Companions and Students == | ||
The situation at that time prepared a foundation that Imam al-Baqir (a) and [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] benefitted highly from. That opportune situation was the result of weakness of the [[Umayyad]] government. Internal crises of their political system did not allow the rulers to suppress the voices of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and isolate them as previous rulers had done. This situation helped Imam al-Baqir (a) and Imam al-Sadiq (a) to give jurisprudential, tafsir-related, ethical opinions in [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]] books. | The situation at that time prepared a foundation that Imam al-Baqir (a) and [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] benefitted highly from. That opportune situation was the result of weakness of the [[Umayyad]] government. Internal crises of their political system did not allow the rulers to suppress the voices of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and isolate them as previous rulers had done. This situation helped Imam al-Baqir (a) and Imam al-Sadiq (a) to give jurisprudential, tafsir-related, ethical opinions in [[fiqh]] and [[hadith]] books.{{citation needed}} | ||
This enabled personalities such as, [[Muhammad b. Muslim]] to narrate 30,000 hadiths<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar, Vol. 11, P. 83</ref> and [[Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju'fi]] narrated 70,000 hadiths from Imam al-Baqir (a). | This enabled personalities such as, [[Muhammad b. Muslim]] to narrate 30,000 hadiths<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar, Vol. 11, P. 83</ref> and [[Jabir b. Yazid al-Ju'fi]] narrated 70,000 hadiths from Imam al-Baqir (a).<ref>'Ali Muhammad 'Ali al-Dakhil, ''A'immatuna'', vol. 1, p. 347</ref> | ||
From the viewpoint of Shi'a scholars, the most prominent fiqh scholars of the beginning centuries of Islam were six people who were all companions of Imam al-Baqir (a) and Imam al-Sadiq (a): Zurara b. A'yan, [[Ma'ruf b. Kharrabudh al-Makki]], [[Abu Basir al-Asadi]], [[Fudayl b. Yasar al-Basri]], Muhammad b. Muslim and [[Burayd b. Mu'awiya al-'Ijli]].<ref>Ibn Shahrashub, '' | From the viewpoint of Shi'a scholars, the most prominent fiqh scholars of the beginning centuries of Islam were six people who were all companions of Imam al-Baqir (a) and Imam al-Sadiq (a): Zurara b. A'yan, [[Ma'ruf b. Kharrabudh al-Makki]], [[Abu Basir al-Asadi]], [[Fudayl b. Yasar al-Basri]], Muhammad b. Muslim and [[Burayd b. Mu'awiya al-'Ijli]].<ref>Ibn Shahrashub, ''Manaqib'', Vol. 4, P. 211</ref> | ||
In his book about [[ | In his book about [[rijal]], [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] counted companions of Imam al-Baqir (a) and people who narrated from him as 462 men and two women.{{citation needed}} | ||
Some of the companions and students of Imam al-Baqir (a), regarding credit and reliability are approved by both [[Sunni]] and [[Shi'a]], a group of them have not been accepted by Sunni | Some of the companions and students of Imam al-Baqir (a), regarding credit and reliability are approved by both [[Sunni]] and [[Shi'a]], a group of them have not been accepted by Sunni rijal scholars due to their deep Shi'a tendencies and have only been accepted by Shi'a scholars.{{citation needed}} | ||
However, there should be no claim that Imam al-Baqir (a) was free from restrictions which governments imposed on the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]; rather, undoubtedly the ruling atmosphere of the life of Imam al-Baqir (a) was in a state of [[Taqiyya]]. At that point, culture was inflicted upon the society as a result of the ruling of unjust governments. Leaving Taqiyya meant abandoning scientific activities and preaching principle teachings of religion. | However, there should be no claim that Imam al-Baqir (a) was free from restrictions which governments imposed on the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]; rather, undoubtedly the ruling atmosphere of the life of Imam al-Baqir (a) was in a state of [[Taqiyya]]. At that point, culture was inflicted upon the society as a result of the ruling of unjust governments. Leaving Taqiyya meant abandoning scientific activities and preaching principle teachings of religion.{{citation needed}} | ||
== | ==Martyrdom== | ||
Imam al-Baqir | [[File:Al-Baqi' before being demolished.jpg|300px|thumb|The historical dome of [[Imams of al-Baqi']] which was destroyed by [[Wahhabism|Wahhabis]] in 1925. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a) is one of the four Shi'a Imams buried here.]] | ||
Imam al-Baqir (a) passed away on [[Dhu l-Hijjah 7]], [[114]]/[[February 1]], 733<ref>Al-Nawbakhti, ''Firaq al-Shi'a'', P. 61</ref>. There are other opinions about the year of his demise. | |||
[[' | There are different narrations and historical opinions regarding the person who martyred Imam al-Baqir (a). Some sources have mentioned [[Hisham b. Abd al-Malik]] as the one who martyred him<ref>Al-Kaf'ami, ''al-Misbah'', P. 691</ref>. Some have accused Ibrahim b. al-Walid as the person who poisoned the Imam (a)<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Dala'il al-imama'', P. 216; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Manaqib'', Vol. 4, P. 228</ref>. Some narrations have considered [[Zayd b. al-Hasan]] as the person who facilitated the plot for martyring the Imam (a). In either case, Imam al-Baqir (a) was martyred during the caliphate of Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', Vol. 2, P. 289</ref>, because his caliphate was from 108/726-727 until 125/742-743 and the last year ever mentioned for the martyrdom of Imam al-Baqir (a) is 118/736.{{citation needed}} | ||
Although the reports are seemingly different, it is not impossible that they could all be correct to a certain degree. There lies a possibility that several people cooperated in the martyrdom of Imam al-Baqir (a), as the reports refer to each of them. Regarding the violent behavior of Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik towards Imam al-Baqir (a) and the undeniable enmity of [[Umayyads]] with Imam Ali's (a) descendants, there is no doubt that Hisham had strong motivation to play a role in the martyrdom of Imam al-Baqir (a) even if it were indirectly. Clearly, to have made his plot materialize, Hisham would have used trustworthy people. Therefore, he employed Ibrahim b. al-Walid who was an Umayyad and an enemy of the [[Ahl al-bayt (a)]], who could use a person who could easily enter the home of Imam al-Baqir (a). Through him, the scheming plot of Hisham unfolded and Imam (a) was martyred.{{citation needed}} | |||
Imam al-Baqir (a) was buried beside [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)|his father]]'s grave and the grave of [[al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a)]], his father's uncle, in [[Al-Baqi' Cemetery]]<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', Vol. 2, P. 158; al-Tabari, ''Dala'il al-imama'', P. 216; Ibn al-jawzi, ''Tazkirat al-khawas'', P. 306</ref>. | |||
== | == In the Views of Scholars == | ||
Imam al-Baqir's (a) personality was not only outstanding in the views of the [[Shi'a]] but in the views of Sunni scholars he (a) was a unique personality too. Below, some examples are mentioned: | |||
Ibn Hajar al-Haytami wrote, "Abu Ja'far Muhammad al-Baqir (a) had disclosed so many hidden treasures of sciences, truth behind rulings, and points of wisdom that are not hidden except to ignorant or ill-wishers and thus they have called him Baqir al-'ilm [splitter of knowledge]. He is a great source and the one who establishes knowledge. He (a) spent his life in worship of God and in the ranks of mystics, he reached a status beyond description. He (a) has many words in the journey towards [[God]] and Islamic teachings"<ref>Ibn Hajar, ''al-Sawa'iq al-muhriqa, P. 201</ref> | |||
'Abd Allah b. 'Ata' who was a distinguished scholar at the time of Imam (a) said, "I saw scholars not humbled before anyone, more humble than I saw them before Abu Ja'far (a)."<ref>Sibt b. al-Jawzi, ''Tadhkirat al-khawass'', p. 337</ref> | |||
About Imam al-Baqir (a), [[al-Dhahabi]] wrote, "He (a) is among those who have gathered knowledge, its observation, dignity, honor, reliability, serenity and he (a) was competent for [[caliphate]]".<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala''', Vol. 4, P. 402</ref> | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 219: | Line 194: | ||
* [[Jannat al-Baqi']] | * [[Jannat al-Baqi']] | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Notes == | |||
{{notes}} | |||
== References == | |||
{{References}} | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 امام محمد الباقر علیه السلام] in Farsi Wikishia. | |||
* Dakhil, 'Ali Muhammad 'Ali al-. ''A'immatuna, sirat al-a'immat al-ithna 'ashar''. Qum: Mu'assisat Dar al-Kutub al-Islami, 1429 AH. | |||
* Ibn Athir, 'Izz al-Din. ''Al-Kamil fi l-tarikh''. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1402 AH | |||
* Group of Authors. 1385 sh. ''Pishwayan-i Hidayat, Vol. 7 (Shikafandiy-i 'ulum, hadrat Imam Baqir (a))'', Trans. Kazim Hatami Tabari. Qom: Majma' Jahani Ahl al-Bayt (a). | |||
* Kaf'ami, Taqi l-Din Ibrahim b. 'Ali al-. 1414 AH/1994. ''Al-Misbah''. Beirut: Mu'assisa al-A'lami li-l-Matbu'at. | |||
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== Further Reading == | |||
* Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, [http://www.al-islam.org/articles/infallibles-imam-muhammad-ibn-ali-al-baqir-shaykh-al-mufid ''The Infallibles: Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir (as)''], Translated by I.K.A Howard, Published by Tahrike Tarsile Quran | |||
{{Event of Karbala}} | {{Event of Karbala}} | ||