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Imam Ali b. al-Husayn al-Sajjad (a): Difference between revisions
Imam Ali b. al-Husayn al-Sajjad (a) (view source)
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Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Kunyas were Abu al-Hasan, Abu al-Husayn, Abu Muhammad, and Abu 'Abd Allah.<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala'', vol. 4 p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; Al-Razi, ''al-Jarh wa l-ta'dil'', vol. 6 p. 178; Al-Dulabi, ''al-Kuna wa l-asma' '', vol. 1 p. 147; Al-Suyuti, ''Tabaqat al-huffaz'', p. 37</ref> | Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Kunyas were Abu al-Hasan, Abu al-Husayn, Abu Muhammad, and Abu 'Abd Allah.<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala'', vol. 4 p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; Al-Razi, ''al-Jarh wa l-ta'dil'', vol. 6 p. 178; Al-Dulabi, ''al-Kuna wa l-asma' '', vol. 1 p. 147; Al-Suyuti, ''Tabaqat al-huffaz'', p. 37</ref> | ||
His titles are Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers), Sayyid al-Sajidin (master of the prostrators), al-Sajjad (the frequently prostrating one), al-Hashimi, al-'Alawi, al-Madani, al-Qurashi, and 'Ali al-Akbar.<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala'', vol. 4 p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; al-'Asqalani, '' | His titles are Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers), Sayyid al-Sajidin (master of the prostrators), al-Sajjad (the frequently prostrating one), al-Hashimi, al-'Alawi, al-Madani, al-Qurashi, and 'Ali al-Akbar.<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala'', vol. 4 p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; al-'Asqalani, ''Tahdhib'', vol. 7 p. 231; Ibn Khallikan, ''Wafayat'', vol. 3 p. 266</ref> Dhu al-Thafanat is another title of Imam al-Sajjad (a), since the skin of his prostration points of his body [knees, palms and forehead] had become hardened and there were calluses on them like the knees of camels due to praying a lot.<ref>Ibn Khallikan, ''Wafayat'', vol. 3 p. 274; Al-Mas'udi, ''Muruj al-dhahab'', vol. 3 p. 160; al-Tha'alabi, ''Thimar al-qulub'', p. 226; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'', vol. 10 p. 79</ref> | ||
Imam al-Sajjad (a) was also known by other names at his time such as 'Ali al-Khayr, 'Ali al-Asghar and 'Ali al-'Abid.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 222; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'', vol. 15 p. 273</ref> | Imam al-Sajjad (a) was also known by other names at his time such as 'Ali al-Khayr, 'Ali al-Asghar and 'Ali al-'Abid.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 222; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'', vol. 15 p. 273</ref> | ||
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According to the famous opinion, Imam al-Sajjad (a) was born in [[38]]/659; thus, he (a) has seen a part of [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam 'Ali's (a)]] life, the [[imamate]] of [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Mu'awiya]]'s attempt in suppressing [[Shi'a]] in [[Iraq]] and elsewhere. However, in some reports, the age of Imam (a) is mentioned less than what is famous and have mentioned his time of birth about [[48]]/668.<ref>Al-Qadi al-Nu'man, ''Sharh al-akhbar'', vol. 3 p. 266</ref> Although, such reports have been mentioned in different sources, but there are evidences which do not let one believe them; such as the fact that famously historians and biographers have mentioned the birth time of Imam al-Sajjad (a) 38/659, which implies that his age in the [[event of Karbala]] was 23 years old. | According to the famous opinion, Imam al-Sajjad (a) was born in [[38]]/659; thus, he (a) has seen a part of [[Imam 'Ali (a)|Imam 'Ali's (a)]] life, the [[imamate]] of [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and [[Mu'awiya]]'s attempt in suppressing [[Shi'a]] in [[Iraq]] and elsewhere. However, in some reports, the age of Imam (a) is mentioned less than what is famous and have mentioned his time of birth about [[48]]/668.<ref>Al-Qadi al-Nu'man, ''Sharh al-akhbar'', vol. 3 p. 266</ref> Although, such reports have been mentioned in different sources, but there are evidences which do not let one believe them; such as the fact that famously historians and biographers have mentioned the birth time of Imam al-Sajjad (a) 38/659, which implies that his age in the [[event of Karbala]] was 23 years old. | ||
After narrating from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] saying, "'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) passed away at the age of 58", the [[Sunni]] narrator of historical reports, Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi wrote that, "this report suggests that Imam al-Sajjad (a) was with his father in [[Karbala]] while he (a) was 23 or 24 years old."<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 222; Ibn Manzur, '' | After narrating from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] saying, "'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) passed away at the age of 58", the [[Sunni]] narrator of historical reports, Muhammad b. 'Umar al-Waqidi wrote that, "this report suggests that Imam al-Sajjad (a) was with his father in [[Karbala]] while he (a) was 23 or 24 years old."<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 222; Ibn Manzur, ''Mukhtasr'', vol. 17 p. 256; Al-Irbili, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 2 p. 191</ref> | ||
Also al-Zahri said that 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) was with his father while he was 23 years old.<ref>Ibn Manzur, '' | Also al-Zahri said that 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) was with his father while he was 23 years old.<ref>Ibn Manzur, ''Mukhtasr'', vol. 17 p. 231</ref> | ||
Imam al-Sajjad (a) was martyred in [[94]]/713 (or [[95]]/714) with a poison given by the order of Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik.<ref>Al-Shabrawi, ''al-Ithaf'', p. 143; Al-Mas'udi, ''Muruj al-dhahab'', vol. 3 p. 160</ref> He (a) was buried in [[Baqi' cemetery]] beside his uncle, [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]].<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', vol. 2 p. 138</ref> | Imam al-Sajjad (a) was martyred in [[94]]/713 (or [[95]]/714) with a poison given by the order of Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik.<ref>Al-Shabrawi, ''al-Ithaf'', p. 143; Al-Mas'udi, ''Muruj al-dhahab'', vol. 3 p. 160</ref> He (a) was buried in [[Baqi' cemetery]] beside his uncle, [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)]].<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', vol. 2 p. 138</ref> | ||
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{{main|Mukhtar's Uprising}} | {{main|Mukhtar's Uprising}} | ||
Mukhtar's uprising was the third important movement after the event of Karbala, about the relation of Imam al-Sajjad (a) and this movement there are some doubts. This relation not only has some political problems, but it also has some problems regarding ideological aspects (following [[Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya]]). It is said that after [[Mukhtar]] succeeded to attract Shi'a to himself in Kufa, he asked Imam al-Sajjad (a) for help but Imam (a) did not face him with open arms.<ref>Al-Kashshi, ''Rijal'', p. 126; Al-Tusi, '' | Mukhtar's uprising was the third important movement after the event of Karbala, about the relation of Imam al-Sajjad (a) and this movement there are some doubts. This relation not only has some political problems, but it also has some problems regarding ideological aspects (following [[Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya]]). It is said that after [[Mukhtar]] succeeded to attract Shi'a to himself in Kufa, he asked Imam al-Sajjad (a) for help but Imam (a) did not face him with open arms.<ref>Al-Kashshi, ''Rijal'', p. 126; Al-Tusi, ''Ikhtiyar'', p. 126</ref> | ||
== Merits and Virtues == | == Merits and Virtues == | ||
=== Worship === | === Worship === | ||
[[Malik b. Anas]] said, "Ali b. al-Husayn (a) made a thousand [[Rak'a]] prayer everyday before he (a) passed away. Thus, he (a) was called Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers)."<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''al-' | [[Malik b. Anas]] said, "Ali b. al-Husayn (a) made a thousand [[Rak'a]] prayer everyday before he (a) passed away. Thus, he (a) was called Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers)."<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''al-'Ibar'', vol. 1 p. 83</ref> | ||
Ibn 'Abd Rabbih wrote, "When 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) became ready for prayer, he (a) would strangely tremble. He (a) was asked about it and said, 'woe betide you! Do you know whom I am going to stand in front of and before whom I am going to pray?'"<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala'', vol. 4 p. 392; Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, ''al-'Iqd al-farid'', vol. 3 p. 169</ref> | Ibn 'Abd Rabbih wrote, "When 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) became ready for prayer, he (a) would strangely tremble. He (a) was asked about it and said, 'woe betide you! Do you know whom I am going to stand in front of and before whom I am going to pray?'"<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Siyar a'lam al-nubala'', vol. 4 p. 392; Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, ''al-'Iqd al-farid'', vol. 3 p. 169</ref> | ||