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Imam Ali b. al-Husayn al-Sajjad (a): Difference between revisions
Imam Ali b. al-Husayn al-Sajjad (a) (view source)
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== Titles and Teknonyms == | == Titles and Teknonyms == | ||
Imam al-Sajjad's (a) teknonyms were Abu l-Hasan, Abu l-Husayn, Abu Muhammad, and Abu 'Abd Allah.<ref> | Imam al-Sajjad's (a) teknonyms were Abu l-Hasan, Abu l-Husayn, Abu Muhammad, and Abu 'Abd Allah.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; Al-Razi, ''al-Jarh wa l-ta'dil'', vol. 6 p. 178; Al-Dulabi, ''al-Kuna wa l-asma' '', vol. 1 p. 147; Al-Suyuti, ''Tabaqat al-huffaz'', p. 37</ref> | ||
His titles are Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers), Sayyid al-Sajidin (master of the prostrators), al-Sajjad (the frequently prostrating one), al-Hashimi, al-'Alawi, al-Madani, al-Qurashi, and 'Ali al-Akbar.<ref> | His titles are Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers), Sayyid al-Sajidin (master of the prostrators), al-Sajjad (the frequently prostrating one), al-Hashimi, al-'Alawi, al-Madani, al-Qurashi, and 'Ali al-Akbar.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 386; Kasrawi, ''Mawsu'a'', vol. 3 p. 64; al-'Asqalani, ''Tahdhib'', vol. 7 p. 231; Ibn Khallikan, ''Wafayat'', vol. 3 p. 266</ref> Dhu l-Thafanat is another title of Imam al-Sajjad (a), since the skin of his prostration points of his body [knees, palms and forehead] had become hardened and there were calluses on them like the knees of camels due to praying a lot.<ref>Ibn Khallikan, ''Wafayat'', vol. 3 p. 274; Al-Mas'udi, ''Muruj al-dhahab'', vol. 3 p. 160; al-Tha'alabi, ''Thimar al-qulub'', p. 226; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'', vol. 10 p. 79</ref> | ||
Imam al-Sajjad (a) was also known by other names at his time such as 'Ali al-Khayr, 'Ali al-Asghar and 'Ali al-'Abid.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 222; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'', vol. 15 p. 273</ref> | Imam al-Sajjad (a) was also known by other names at his time such as 'Ali al-Khayr, 'Ali al-Asghar and 'Ali al-'Abid.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 222; Ibn Abi l-Hadid, ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'', vol. 15 p. 273</ref> | ||
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== Merits and Virtues == | == Merits and Virtues == | ||
=== Worship === | === Worship === | ||
[[Malik b. Anas]] said, "Ali b. al-Husayn (a) made a thousand [[Rak'a]] prayer everyday before he (a) passed away. Thus, he (a) was called Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers)."<ref> | [[Malik b. Anas]] said, "Ali b. al-Husayn (a) made a thousand [[Rak'a]] prayer everyday before he (a) passed away. Thus, he (a) was called Zayn al-'Abidin (adornment of the worshipers)."<ref>Dhahabī, ''al-'Ibar'', vol. 1 p. 83</ref> | ||
Ibn 'Abd Rabbih wrote, "When 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) became ready for prayer, he (a) would strangely tremble. He (a) was asked about it and said, 'woe betide you! Do you know whom I am going to stand in front of and before whom I am going to pray?'"<ref> | Ibn 'Abd Rabbih wrote, "When 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) became ready for prayer, he (a) would strangely tremble. He (a) was asked about it and said, 'woe betide you! Do you know whom I am going to stand in front of and before whom I am going to pray?'"<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 392; Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, ''al-'Iqd al-farid'', vol. 3 p. 169</ref> | ||
Malik b. Anas said, "When 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) put on [[Ihram]] and said [[Talbiya]], he went unconscious and fell from his conveyance (from the awe of [[Allah]])."<ref> | Malik b. Anas said, "When 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) put on [[Ihram]] and said [[Talbiya]], he went unconscious and fell from his conveyance (from the awe of [[Allah]])."<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 392.</ref> | ||
=== Helping the Poor === | === Helping the Poor === | ||
[[Abu Hamza al-Thumali]] said, "Every night 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) secretly carried some food on his shoulder to the poor and said, 'the charity made at the darkness of the night appeases the wrath of God.'"<ref> | [[Abu Hamza al-Thumali]] said, "Every night 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) secretly carried some food on his shoulder to the poor and said, 'the charity made at the darkness of the night appeases the wrath of God.'"<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 393.</ref> | ||
Muhammad b. Ishaq said, "There were people living in [[Medina]] unknowing how their daily provision was provided; and after 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) passed away, their night food delivery stopped."<ref> | Muhammad b. Ishaq said, "There were people living in [[Medina]] unknowing how their daily provision was provided; and after 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) passed away, their night food delivery stopped."<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 4, p. 393.</ref> | ||
At night, he (a) put baskets of bread on his shoulder and went to the houses of the poor and said, "The charity made secretly appeases the wrath of God." Those baskets had left marks on his shoulders and when they were washing his body after he (a) passed away, they saw those marks.<ref>Isfahani, ''Hilyat al-awliya' '', vol. 3 p. 136; Irbili, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 2 p. 77; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Manaqib'', vol. 4 p. 154; Ibn al-Jawzi, ''Sifat al-safwa'', vol. 2 p. 54; Saduq, ''al-Khisal'', p. 616; '' 'Ilal al-sharayi' '', p. 231</ref> Ibn Sa'd wrote, "When a poor person came to him, he (a) went and gave the poor what he wanted and said, 'before charity reaches the asking one, it reaches God's hand.'"<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 160</ref> | At night, he (a) put baskets of bread on his shoulder and went to the houses of the poor and said, "The charity made secretly appeases the wrath of God." Those baskets had left marks on his shoulders and when they were washing his body after he (a) passed away, they saw those marks.<ref>Isfahani, ''Hilyat al-awliya' '', vol. 3 p. 136; Irbili, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 2 p. 77; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Manaqib'', vol. 4 p. 154; Ibn al-Jawzi, ''Sifat al-safwa'', vol. 2 p. 54; Saduq, ''al-Khisal'', p. 616; '' 'Ilal al-sharayi' '', p. 231</ref> Ibn Sa'd wrote, "When a poor person came to him, he (a) went and gave the poor what he wanted and said, 'before charity reaches the asking one, it reaches God's hand.'"<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 5 p. 160</ref> | ||
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* [[Abu Hamza al-Thumali]]; a Shi'a hadith transmitter and commentator of the [[Qur'an]] in the 2nd/[[8th century]]. | * [[Abu Hamza al-Thumali]]; a Shi'a hadith transmitter and commentator of the [[Qur'an]] in the 2nd/[[8th century]]. | ||
* [[Abu Khalid al-Kabuli]]; known as '''Kankar'''. | * [[Abu Khalid al-Kabuli]]; known as '''Kankar'''. | ||
* [[Al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]]; among the elders of the [[Followers]] and one of the seven scholars of [[ | * [[Al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr]]; among the elders of the [[Followers]] and one of the seven scholars of [[jurisprudence]] in [[Medina]] at the time of Imam al-Sajjad (a). He was the father of [[Imam al-Sadiq]]'s mother. He was among the close and trustworthy companions of Imam al-Sajjad (a) and Imam al-Baqir (a). | ||
* [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]]; Companion of the Holy Prophet (s) who participated in many [[ghazwa]]s and [[saryya]]s. He is the narrator of [[Hadith al-Lawh]] from the Holy Prophet (s) which contains the names of Shiite Imams (a). | * [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]]; Companion of the Holy Prophet (s) who participated in many [[ghazwa]]s and [[saryya]]s. He is the narrator of [[Hadith al-Lawh]] from the Holy Prophet (s) which contains the names of Shiite Imams (a). | ||
== Words of Sunni Scholars == | == Words of Sunni Scholars == | ||
Muhammad b. Muslim al-Zuhri: "I found no [[Hashemite]] greater or more knowledgeable than him in [[ | Muhammad b. Muslim al-Zuhri: "I found no [[Hashemite]] greater or more knowledgeable than him in [[jurisprudence]]."<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tadhkira'', vol. 1 p. 75; Ibn Kathir, ''al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya'', vol. 9 p. 124</ref>[[Al-Shafi'i]] said, "He (a) was the most knowledgeable in [[jurisprudence]] in [[Medina]]."<ref>Ibn Abi l-Hadid, ''Sharh nahj al-balagha'', vol. 15 p. 274</ref> | ||
[[Al-Shafi'i]] said, "He (a) was the most knowledgeable in [[ | |||
{{fulltext | {{fulltext | ||
|Ziyarah text of Imam al-Sajjad (a)}} | |Ziyarah text of Imam al-Sajjad (a)}} | ||