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I'tikaf: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Itikaf in Holy Shrine of Imam al-Rida.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|I'tikaf in the [[Holy Shrine of Imam al-Rida (a)]] during 13th, 14th and 15th of [[Rajab al-Murajjab]]. The photo shows the Mu'takifs praying, reciting the [[Qur'an]], reading books or even sleeping, while the main aim of I'tikaf is to stay in the mosque for a few days. This photo is taken in [[Rajab 15]], 1434 ([[May 25]], 2013).]] | [[File:Itikaf in Holy Shrine of Imam al-Rida.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|I'tikaf in the [[Holy Shrine of Imam al-Rida (a)]] during 13th, 14th and 15th of [[Rajab|Rajab al-Murajjab]]. The photo shows the Mu'takifs praying, reciting the [[Qur'an]], reading books or even sleeping, while the main aim of I'tikaf is to stay in the mosque for a few days. This photo is taken in [[Rajab 15]], 1434 ([[May 25]], 2013).]] | ||
''' | '''Iʿtikāf''' (Arabic: إعتکاف) is an act of worship in [[Islam]]. It is described as staying in a [[mosque]] for at least three days with the intention of getting closer to [[God]]. It has conditions and rulings that are explained in a chapter by the same name in Islamic [[fiqh|jurisprudential]] books. The one who performs I'tikaf is called Mu'takif. | ||
According to [[fiqh]], I'tikaf is a [[Mustahab]] (recommended) act, although it could become [[wajib]] (obligatory), like other Mustahabs, by taking an oath or [[nadhr]] (vow) to God for offering it. | According to [[fiqh]], I'tikaf is a [[Mustahab]] (recommended) act, although it could become [[wajib]] (obligatory), like other Mustahabs, by taking an oath or [[nadhr]] (vow) to God for offering it. | ||
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==I'tikaf before Islam== | ==I'tikaf before Islam== | ||
Although Muslims learned how to perform I'tikaf from [[The Prophet (s)|their Prophet]], there was a ritual similar to I'tikaf prevalent amongst Arabs before Islam. For instance, it has been narrated that [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] asked the Prophet (s) that he had [[nadhr|vowed]] during the [[Ignorance era]] to stay in [[Masjid al-Haram]] for a night and the Prophet (s) told him to fulfill it. | Although Muslims learned how to perform I'tikaf from [[The Prophet (s)|their Prophet]], there was a ritual similar to I'tikaf prevalent amongst Arabs before Islam. For instance, it has been narrated that [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] asked the Prophet (s) that he had [[nadhr|vowed]] during the [[Jahiliyya|Ignorance era]] to stay in [[Masjid al-Haram]] for a night and the Prophet (s) told him to fulfill it. | ||
==The Prophet's I'tikaf== | ==The Prophet's I'tikaf== | ||
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==Works about I'tikaf== | ==Works about I'tikaf== | ||
I'tikaf as an important jurisprudential topic was a subject of some individual and independent works. [[Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i]] and [[Dawud b. 'Ali al-Isfahani]], from [[Sunni school]] and [[Abu | I'tikaf as an important jurisprudential topic was a subject of some individual and independent works. [[Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i]] and [[Dawud b. 'Ali al-Isfahani]], from [[Sunni school]] and [[Abu l-Fadl al-Sabuni]] and [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] from Shi'a are some of the most famous faqihs who have authored independent writings about I'tikaf. | ||
Among the mid and recent Shi'a works, these could be mentioned: | Among the mid and recent Shi'a works, these could be mentioned: | ||
* ''Al-I'tikafiyya'': written by [[Mu'in al-Din Salim b. Badran al-Basri]] (alive in 626/1229). | * ''Al-I'tikafiyya'': written by [[Mu'in al-Din Salim b. Badran al-Basri]] (alive in 626/1229). | ||
* ''Al-I'tikafiyya'' or ''Ma' al-hayat wa safi | * ''Al-I'tikafiyya'' or ''Ma' al-hayat wa safi l-furat'': written by [[Lutf Allah al-Miysi al-'Amili]] (d. 1033/1624) which is published recently by the effort of [[Rasul Ja'fariyan]]. | ||
* ''Al-Kafaf fi masa'il al-I'tikaf'': written by Mulla [[Muhammad Ja'far Shari'atmadar Astarabadi]] (d. 1263/1847). A copy of it is preserved in the [[library of Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi]] in [[Qom]]. | * ''Al-Kafaf fi masa'il al-I'tikaf'': written by Mulla [[Muhammad Ja'far Shari'atmadar Astarabadi]] (d. 1263/1847). A copy of it is preserved in the [[library of Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi]] in [[Qom]]. | ||
* ''Al-I'tikafiyya'': written by [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Mar'ashi Shahristani]] (d. 1290/1873). [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] reported that he found copies of it in some personal libraries. | * ''Al-I'tikafiyya'': written by [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Mar'ashi Shahristani]] (d. 1290/1873). [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] reported that he found copies of it in some personal libraries. | ||