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Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a): Difference between revisions
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imported>Hasanlatifi (Created page with "Fatima (s) was the daughter of the Prophet (s) and Khadija. She was Imam Ali’s (a) wife, and Imam Hasan and Husayn’s mother. Fatima is one of the Five (Ashab al-Kisa’)....") |
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===Children=== | ===Children=== | ||
She had 4 children by Ali (a). Two sons, Hasan and Husayn, and two daughters, Zaynab and Umm Kulthum. There is no doubt among historians about the existence of these 4 children. | She had 4 children by Ali (a). Two sons, Hasan and Husayn, and two daughters, Zaynab and Umm Kulthum. There is no doubt among historians about the existence of these 4 children. | ||
Imam al-Hasan (a) was born on Ramadan 15, 3 (February 22, 625) and Imam al-Husayn (a) was born in Sha’ban 3, 4 (January 11, 626). | Imam al-Hasan (a) was born on Ramadan 15, 3 (February 22, 625) and Imam al-Husayn (a) was born in Sha’ban 3, 4 (January 11, 626). | ||
Some Shi’a biographers and Sunni scholars have named another son named Muhassan, for her. Baladhuri (d. 279/892) writes, “Fatima gave birth to Hasan, Husayn and Muhassan. Muhassan died in his childhood.” He also reports, “When Muhassan was born, the Prophet (s) asked Fatima: what did you name him? She siad: Harb. He said: his name in Muhassan.” Also Ali b. Ahmad b. Sa’id al-Andulusi (b. 384/994 d. 456/1064) the author of Jamhart ansab al-‘Arab, writes: “Muhassan died in childhood.” However, Mus’ab al-Zubayri (d. 236/851), who lived before Baladhuri and al-Andulusi, and authored Nasab al-Quraysh, did not mention anything about Muhassan. | Some Shi’a biographers and Sunni scholars have named another son named Muhassan, for her. Baladhuri (d. 279/892) writes, “Fatima gave birth to Hasan, Husayn and Muhassan. Muhassan died in his childhood.” He also reports, “When Muhassan was born, the Prophet (s) asked Fatima: what did you name him? She siad: Harb. He said: his name in Muhassan.” Also Ali b. Ahmad b. Sa’id al-Andulusi (b. 384/994 d. 456/1064) the author of Jamhart ansab al-‘Arab, writes: “Muhassan died in childhood.” However, Mus’ab al-Zubayri (d. 236/851), who lived before Baladhuri and al-Andulusi, and authored Nasab al-Quraysh, did not mention anything about Muhassan. | ||
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===With Her Husband=== | ===With Her Husband=== | ||
It has been narrated that when the Prophet (s) came to Fatima (s) and Ali’s (a) house [for the first time after their marriage,] he asked Fatima (s) , “How did you find your husband?” She replied, “The best husband …” Then he advised Ali (a) to take care Fatima (s) and her to take of him. | It has been narrated that when the Prophet (s) came to Fatima (s) and Ali’s (a) house [for the first time after their marriage,] he asked Fatima (s) , “How did you find your husband?” She replied, “The best husband …” Then he advised Ali (a) to take care Fatima (s) and her to take of him. | ||
Ali (a) said: by God, from that day to the end of her life, I did not do anything that made her angry and did not force her to do something, conversely, she never made me angry nor disobeyed me. Truly, whenever I looked at her my distress and sadness were dispelled.” | Ali (a) said: by God, from that day to the end of her life, I did not do anything that made her angry and did not force her to do something, conversely, she never made me angry nor disobeyed me. Truly, whenever I looked at her my distress and sadness were dispelled.” | ||
===With Her Father=== | ===With Her Father=== | ||
As soon as the battle of Uhud was over, she was informed that her father was injured. She and a group of women took water and food and went toward the battlefield. The women gave water to the injured and bandaged their wounds as she went to the Prophet (s). His face was hit by a stone that caused a severe bleeding. She washed the wound but the blood did not stop, so she burned a piece of wicker and put its ash on the wound to stop it from bleeding. | As soon as the battle of Uhud was over, she was informed that her father was injured. She and a group of women took water and food and went toward the battlefield. The women gave water to the injured and bandaged their wounds as she went to the Prophet (s). His face was hit by a stone that caused a severe bleeding. She washed the wound but the blood did not stop, so she burned a piece of wicker and put its ash on the wound to stop it from bleeding. | ||
In this battle Hamza -the Prophet’s paternal uncle- and more than 70 Muslims were martyred. According to Waqidi, after the battle, every two or three days, Fatima (s) went to their graves at Uhud, mourned at their graves and prayed for them. | In this battle Hamza -the Prophet’s paternal uncle- and more than 70 Muslims were martyred. According to Waqidi, after the battle, every two or three days, Fatima (s) went to their graves at Uhud, mourned at their graves and prayed for them. | ||
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Hasan al-Basri -a Sunni personality- says, “In this nation (Islam nation) no one was more prayerful than Fatima. She stood up for Salat very much that her feet got swollen.” | Hasan al-Basri -a Sunni personality- says, “In this nation (Islam nation) no one was more prayerful than Fatima. She stood up for Salat very much that her feet got swollen.” | ||
Tasbih of Lady Fatima, is one of the most famous tasbih which has been narrated in authentic book of Shi’a and Sunni. This tasbih is one of the most important and common rites after the daily prayers. It consists of 34 times "Allah akbar" (Allah is greater), 33 times "al-hamd li-Allah" (all praise belongs to Allah), and 33 times "subhan Allah" (exalted be Allah). | Tasbih of Lady Fatima, is one of the most famous tasbih which has been narrated in authentic book of Shi’a and Sunni. This tasbih is one of the most important and common rites after the daily prayers. It consists of 34 times "Allah akbar" (Allah is greater), 33 times "al-hamd li-Allah" (all praise belongs to Allah), and 33 times "subhan Allah" (exalted be Allah). | ||
Moreover, Sayyid b. Tawwus has quoted some supplications from her that are read after the daily prayers. Some other supplications, for eliminating some problems, has been narrated from her. | Moreover, Sayyid b. Tawwus has quoted some supplications from her that are read after the daily prayers. Some other supplications, for eliminating some problems, has been narrated from her. | ||
===Selflessness=== | ===Selflessness=== | ||
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==Fatima’s Anger at Abu Bakr and ‘Umar== | ==Fatima’s Anger at Abu Bakr and ‘Umar== | ||
According to Bukhari’s report, when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (s) became angry with him and did not talk to him to the end of her life. | According to Bukhari’s report, when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (s) became angry with him and did not talk to him to the end of her life. | ||
Ibn Qutayba writes, “After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakar and ‘Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to Ali and asked him for help. Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their Salam. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, “If I narrate for you a hadith from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to it?” They said, “Yes.” Fatima said, “I implore you to God, did you hear the Prophet saying “Fatima’s happiness is my happiness and Fatima’s anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?”” They replied, “Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God.” Fatima said, “I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him.” Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, “ By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform.”” | Ibn Qutayba writes, “After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakar and ‘Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to Ali and asked him for help. Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their Salam. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, “If I narrate for you a hadith from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to it?” They said, “Yes.” Fatima said, “I implore you to God, did you hear the Prophet saying “Fatima’s happiness is my happiness and Fatima’s anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?”” They replied, “Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God.” Fatima said, “I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him.” Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, “ By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform.”” | ||
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2- Direct involvement and severe conversation with Abu Bakr. | 2- Direct involvement and severe conversation with Abu Bakr. | ||
3- Delivering a sermon in Masjid al-Nabi, 10 days after the Prophet’s demise. | 3- Delivering a sermon in Masjid al-Nabi, 10 days after the Prophet’s demise. | ||
4- Giving a speech for women of Muhajirin and Ansar when she was in her sickbed. | 4- Giving a speech for women of Muhajirin and Ansar when she was in her sickbed. | ||
5- A brief conversation with Abu Bakr and ‘Umar and stating that she was angry at them when they had come for propitiating her. | 5- A brief conversation with Abu Bakr and ‘Umar and stating that she was angry at them when they had come for propitiating her. | ||
6- Making a will that she do not want who had oppressed her to participate in her funeral and burial. | 6- Making a will that she do not want who had oppressed her to participate in her funeral and burial. | ||
Analyzing the sermon of Fadakiyya, Dr. Shahidi writes, “It is clear that they ignored the core of her words and dealt with it as a speech that was only delivered for getting her inheritance. Obviously, she did delivered her sermon for taking some date trees and sheaves of wheat. A household that give away the only food they have to feed the hungry, would not cry for their stomach. She wanted to keep the Tradition (sunna) and justice alive. She feared that the thoughts of Ignorance Era, which was hidden under the cover of Islam, comes to light; and tribal prides comes to existence. Today is Bani Tamim’s turn and rommorow is Bani ‘Uday and then Bany Umayya, who fought Islam with all they got and embraced Islam not by heart by tongue as they did not have any other option.” | Analyzing the sermon of Fadakiyya, Dr. Shahidi writes, “It is clear that they ignored the core of her words and dealt with it as a speech that was only delivered for getting her inheritance. Obviously, she did delivered her sermon for taking some date trees and sheaves of wheat. A household that give away the only food they have to feed the hungry, would not cry for their stomach. She wanted to keep the Tradition (sunna) and justice alive. She feared that the thoughts of Ignorance Era, which was hidden under the cover of Islam, comes to light; and tribal prides comes to existence. Today is Bani Tamim’s turn and rommorow is Bani ‘Uday and then Bany Umayya, who fought Islam with all they got and embraced Islam not by heart by tongue as they did not have any other option.” | ||
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==Martyrdom and Will== | ==Martyrdom and Will== | ||
Her father’s demise, oppressing her husband, denying her right and most importantly, the events took place after the Prophet’s demise, hurt her soul and her body. According to historical records, she did not suffer any illnesses before the demise of her father. She got ill after these events happened, though. | Her father’s demise, oppressing her husband, denying her right and most importantly, the events took place after the Prophet’s demise, hurt her soul and her body. According to historical records, she did not suffer any illnesses before the demise of her father. She got ill after these events happened, though. | ||
About her martyrdom, Abu Basir narrates from Imam al-Sadiq, that ‘Umar ordered his slave, Qunfudh, to hit her with a sheath, and that caused miscarriage of her unborn son, Muhsin. After that, she became very sick which led to her martyrdom afterward. | About her martyrdom, Abu Basir narrates from Imam al-Sadiq, that ‘Umar ordered his slave, Qunfudh, to hit her with a sheath, and that caused miscarriage of her unborn son, Muhsin. After that, she became very sick which led to her martyrdom afterward. | ||
Moreover, Shi’a and Sunni narrations have mentioned “‘Umar’s threat of setting fire to her house”, “setting fire to her house”, “pushing her against the wall by the door”, “hitting her by the door”, “breaking her ribs”, and “kicking her stomach”, each of which could have cause her martyrdom. | Moreover, Shi’a and Sunni narrations have mentioned “‘Umar’s threat of setting fire to her house”, “setting fire to her house”, “pushing her against the wall by the door”, “hitting her by the door”, “breaking her ribs”, and “kicking her stomach”, each of which could have cause her martyrdom. | ||
===Her Words in Sickbed=== | ===Her Words in Sickbed=== | ||
While she was in sickbed, a group of women from Muhajirin and Ansar came for visit and asked her, “O, the Prophet’s daughter! how are you?” She answered them extensively, | While she was in sickbed, a group of women from Muhajirin and Ansar came for visit and asked her, “O, the Prophet’s daughter! how are you?” She answered them extensively, | ||
“I have become, by Allah, to have feelings of resentment for your world, detesting your men; I have casted them after testing them, hated them after examining them. Thus, shameful is the defiling of honor, playing after being serious, striking the soft rocks, the slackening of spears; the foolishness of judgments and the misguidance of wants. | “I have become, by Allah, to have feelings of resentment for your world, detesting your men; I have casted them after testing them, hated them after examining them. Thus, shameful is the defiling of honor, playing after being serious, striking the soft rocks, the slackening of spears; the foolishness of judgments and the misguidance of wants. | ||
Evil indeed are (the works) which their souls have sent forward before them (with the result) that Allah's wrath is on them, and in torment will they abide. Certainly it (Allah's wrath) has control of their affairs, held them responsible (for deserving it), and launched its disagreement on them. | Evil indeed are (the works) which their souls have sent forward before them (with the result) that Allah's wrath is on them, and in torment will they abide. Certainly it (Allah's wrath) has control of their affairs, held them responsible (for deserving it), and launched its disagreement on them. | ||
So, may the unjust ones be done away with, cursed, and damned. Woe unto them! | So, may the unjust ones be done away with, cursed, and damned. Woe unto them! | ||
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Prepare your hearts for calamities, adapt yourselves to a sharp sword; | Prepare your hearts for calamities, adapt yourselves to a sharp sword; | ||
an assault of a tyrant enemy, an overwhelming commotion, and atrocity from oppressors who shall leave your booty worthless, and your crops unharvested; | an assault of a tyrant enemy, an overwhelming commotion, and atrocity from oppressors who shall leave your booty worthless, and your crops unharvested; | ||
Alas! What a pity! How will ye be treated? But indeed it hath been obscured from your sight. Shall we then compel you to accept it when ye are averse to it?” | Alas! What a pity! How will ye be treated? But indeed it hath been obscured from your sight. Shall we then compel you to accept it when ye are averse to it?” | ||
(the translation is cited from the book “Fatima the Gracious” written by Abu Muhammad al-Ordoni) | (the translation is cited from the book “Fatima the Gracious” written by Abu Muhammad al-Ordoni) | ||
===Date of Her Martyrdom=== | ===Date of Her Martyrdom=== | ||
There is a consensus among Shi’a and Sunni historical sources that she was martyred in the year 11/632; but there are various reports about the month and the day. The reports varies between 24 days to 8 months after the Prophet’s demise. Majority of Shi’a believe that she lived 95 days after the Prophet (s). According to this she was martyred on Jumada al-Thani 3rd (August 29th) -95 days after Safar 28th (May 28th), the day of the Prophet’s demise. | There is a consensus among Shi’a and Sunni historical sources that she was martyred in the year 11/632; but there are various reports about the month and the day. The reports varies between 24 days to 8 months after the Prophet’s demise. Majority of Shi’a believe that she lived 95 days after the Prophet (s). According to this she was martyred on Jumada al-Thani 3rd (August 29th) -95 days after Safar 28th (May 28th), the day of the Prophet’s demise. | ||
Considering different reports about her birthday, there are different opinions about her life time, ranging from 18 to 35 years. According to two authentic hadiths from Imam al-Baqir (a) and Imam al-Sadiq (a) that she lived 18 years, she must have been born in Jumad al-Thani 5 years after Bi’tha (March 26th 614). | Considering different reports about her birthday, there are different opinions about her life time, ranging from 18 to 35 years. According to two authentic hadiths from Imam al-Baqir (a) and Imam al-Sadiq (a) that she lived 18 years, she must have been born in Jumad al-Thani 5 years after Bi’tha (March 26th 614). | ||
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===Ali’s Words at Her Grave=== | ===Ali’s Words at Her Grave=== | ||
After her burial, Imam Ali (a) flattened her grave to hide it, then he turned his face to the Prophet’s tomb and said, | After her burial, Imam Ali (a) flattened her grave to hide it, then he turned his face to the Prophet’s tomb and said, | ||
“O, the Prophet of Allah! peace be upon you from me and from your daughter who has come to you and who has hastened to meet you. O Prophet of Allah ! My patience about your chosen (daughter) has been exhausted and my power of endurance has weakened, except that I have ground for consolation in having endured the great hardship and heart-rending event of your separation. I laid you down in your grave while your last breath had passed (when your head) “Verily we are Allah's and verily unto Him shall we return” (2:56) between my neck, and the chest. | “O, the Prophet of Allah! peace be upon you from me and from your daughter who has come to you and who has hastened to meet you. O Prophet of Allah ! My patience about your chosen (daughter) has been exhausted and my power of endurance has weakened, except that I have ground for consolation in having endured the great hardship and heart-rending event of your separation. I laid you down in your grave while your last breath had passed (when your head) “Verily we are Allah's and verily unto Him shall we return” (2:56) between my neck, and the chest. | ||
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===Surat al-Kawthar=== | ===Surat al-Kawthar=== | ||
Main entry: Surat al-Kawthar | Main entry: Surat al-Kawthar | ||
According to many Shi’a exegetes the word “al-Kawthar” (means abundant good) in the first verse of this sura refers to the lady Fatima (s). They argued that this sura was revealed about atheists who questioned Muhammad’s prophethood because he did not have any descendants succeeding him. However, the Prophet’s descendants continued to existence through his daughter, descendants that include 11 infallible Imams. | According to many Shi’a exegetes the word “al-Kawthar” (means abundant good) in the first verse of this sura refers to the lady Fatima (s). They argued that this sura was revealed about atheists who questioned Muhammad’s prophethood because he did not have any descendants succeeding him. However, the Prophet’s descendants continued to existence through his daughter, descendants that include 11 infallible Imams. | ||
===Mubahala=== | ===Mubahala=== | ||
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===Muhaddatha=== | ===Muhaddatha=== | ||
Main entry: Mushaf of Fatima | Main entry: Mushaf of Fatima | ||
There are several hdiths stating that Fatima (s) was spoken to by angles. She was titled as Muhadditha (means: spoken to by angles) because angles spoke to her after the Prophet’s demise. These inspirations were compiled by Imam Ali (a) under the title Mushaf of Fatima. However, it has been narrated that the archangel ‘Izra’il talked to her, when he asked for permission for entering the Prophet’s house on the last day of the Prophet’s life. | There are several hdiths stating that Fatima (s) was spoken to by angles. She was titled as Muhadditha (means: spoken to by angles) because angles spoke to her after the Prophet’s demise. These inspirations were compiled by Imam Ali (a) under the title Mushaf of Fatima. However, it has been narrated that the archangel ‘Izra’il talked to her, when he asked for permission for entering the Prophet’s house on the last day of the Prophet’s life. | ||
Moreover, Shaykh al-Saduq quoted Imam al-Sadiq (a) that Fatima (s) was titled as Muhadditha because angles were sent down to her and spoke to her like Mary. | Moreover, Shaykh al-Saduq quoted Imam al-Sadiq (a) that Fatima (s) was titled as Muhadditha because angles were sent down to her and spoke to her like Mary. | ||
[[fa:حضرت فاطمه زهرا سلام الله علیها]] | |||
[[ar:السيدة فاطمة الزهراء عليها السلام]] | |||
[[tr:Hz. Fatıma Zehra (s.a)]] | |||
[[ur:حضرت فاطمہ زہرا سلام اللہ علیہا]] | |||
[[fr:Fâtima Zahrâ (s)]] | |||
[[es:Hazrat Fátima az-Zahra (La Paz sea con ella)]] | |||
[[id:Fatimah binti Muhammad Sa]] | |||