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Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a): Difference between revisions
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==After the Demise of the Prophet (s)== | ==After the Demise of the Prophet (s)== | ||
Despite of the well-known love of the Prophet (s) for Fatima (a) and his sayings about her merits, she went through very rough days after the demise of the Prophet (s) which finally led to her [[Martyrdom]]. | Despite of the well-known love of the [[Prophet (s)]] for Fatima (a) and his sayings about her merits, she went through very rough days after the demise of the Prophet (s) which finally led to her [[Martyrdom]]. | ||
===Confiscation of Fadak=== | ===Confiscation of Fadak=== | ||
{{Main|Fadak|Sermon of Fadakiyya}} | {{Main|Fadak|Sermon of Fadakiyya}} | ||
After the Prophet's demise, [[Abu Bakr]] took over the [[caliphate]] and ordered the confiscation of the Prophet's inheritance (including what he had given to his children during his life). Fatima (a) said that she was the Prophet's daughter, and like every other daughter, she will receive her father's inheritance. On the contrary, Abu Bakr said, "I have heard the Apostle of God (s) saying that, we, prophets, do not leave inheritance and what we leave is charity." | After the Prophet's demise, [[Abu Bakr]] took over the [[caliphate]] and ordered the confiscation of the Prophet's inheritance (including what he had given to his children during his life). Fatima (a) said that she was the Prophet's daughter, and like every other daughter, she will receive her father's inheritance. On the contrary, Abu Bakr said, "I have heard the [[Apostle of God (s)]] saying that, we, prophets, do not leave inheritance and what we leave is charity." | ||
Fatima (a) was puzzled and shocked when she heard this. She wondered that how the Prophet (s) could have said this while she, his heiress, or 'Ali, his son in law and the nearest person to him, did not know about it. So Fatima (a) resisted against the Caliph and delivered a sermon in [[Masjid al-Nabi]] in front of [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]] and by reading [[verse]]s of the [[Qur'an]] about offspring of prophets who inherited from their fathers condemned Abu Bakr's opinion and decision. | Fatima (a) was puzzled and shocked when she heard this. She wondered that how the Prophet (s) could have said this while she, his heiress, or 'Ali, his son in law and the nearest person to him, did not know about it. So Fatima (a) resisted against the Caliph and delivered a sermon in [[Masjid al-Nabi]] in front of [[Muhajirun]] and [[Ansar]] and by reading [[verse]]s of the [[Qur'an]] about offspring of prophets who inherited from their fathers condemned Abu Bakr's opinion and decision. | ||
According to explicit words of Shi'a and some Sunni scholars, the Prophet (s) gave Fadak to Fatima (a) during his life after the [[revelation]] of the [[verse]], "And give the relatives their right" ([[Sura al-Isra']]:26) | According to explicit words of Shi'a and some Sunni scholars, the Prophet (s) gave Fadak to Fatima (a) during his life after the [[revelation]] of the [[verse]], "And give the relatives their right". ([[Sura al-Isra']]:26) | ||
===Fatima's Anger at Abu Bakr and 'Umar=== | ===Fatima's Anger at Abu Bakr and 'Umar=== | ||
According to Bukhari's report, when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (a) | According to Bukhari's report, when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (a) got angry at him and did not talk to him to the end of her life. | ||
Ibn Qutayba writes, "After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakar and 'Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to 'Ali and asked him for help. 'Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their [[Salam]]. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, "If I narrate for you a [[hadith]] from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to?" They said, "Yes." Fatima said, "I implore you to [[God]], did you hear the Prophet saying "Fatima's happiness is my happiness and Fatima's anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?"" They replied, "Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God." Fatima said, "I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him." Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, " By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform."" | Ibn Qutayba writes, "After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakar and 'Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to 'Ali and asked him for help. 'Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their [[Salam]]. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, "If I narrate for you a [[hadith]] from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to?" They said, "Yes." Fatima said, "I implore you to [[God]], did you hear the Prophet saying "Fatima's happiness is my happiness and Fatima's anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?"" They replied, "Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God." Fatima said, "I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him." Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, " By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform."" | ||
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===Analysis of Fadak=== | ===Analysis of Fadak=== | ||
Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr in his book ''[[Fadak fi l-tarikh]]'' (Fadak in history) counts the raising of the topic of Fadak by Fatima (a) as a political move. He believes that Fadak is a symbol of a great goal and a full-scale revolution against the government of that time, which was founded in [[al-Saqifa]] by three people: [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]] and [[Abu 'Ubaydat al-Jarrah]]. According to his analysis, the lady Fatima manifested her opposition to the government in 6 stages: | [[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] in his book ''[[Fadak fi l-tarikh]]'' (Fadak in history) counts the raising of the topic of Fadak by Fatima (a) as a political move. He believes that Fadak is a symbol of a great goal and a full-scale revolution against the government of that time, which was founded in [[al-Saqifa]] by three people: [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]] and [[Abu 'Ubaydat al-Jarrah]]. According to his analysis, the lady Fatima manifested her opposition to the government in 6 stages: | ||
# Sending her representative to Abu Bakr for asking her inheritance (including Fadak and other things) and implying that Fadak was a part of the inheritance before saying that the [[Prophet (s)]] gave it to her as a gift; | # Sending her representative to Abu Bakr for asking her inheritance (including Fadak and other things) and implying that Fadak was a part of the inheritance before saying that the [[Prophet (s)]] gave it to her as a gift; | ||
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# Making a will that she do not want who had oppressed her to participate in her funeral and burial. | # Making a will that she do not want who had oppressed her to participate in her funeral and burial. | ||
Analyzing the [[Sermon of Fadakiyya]], Dr. Shahidi writes, "It is clear that they ignored the core of her words and dealt with it as a speech that was only delivered for getting her inheritance. Obviously, she did delivered her sermon for taking some date trees and sheaves of wheat. A household that give away the only food they have to feed the hungry, would not cry for their stomach. She wanted to keep the [[tradition]] (sunna) and the [[justice]] alive. She feared that the thoughts of the [[Ignorance Era]], which was hidden under the cover of [[Islam]], comes to light; and tribal prides comes to existence. Today is Banu Tamim's turn and | Analyzing the [[Sermon of Fadakiyya]], Dr. Shahidi writes, "It is clear that they ignored the core of her words and dealt with it as a speech that was only delivered for getting her inheritance. Obviously, she did delivered her sermon for taking some date trees and sheaves of wheat. A household that give away the only food they have to feed the hungry, would not cry for their stomach. She wanted to keep the [[tradition]] (sunna) and the [[justice]] alive. She feared that the thoughts of the [[Ignorance Era]], which was hidden under the cover of [[Islam]], comes to light again; and tribal prides comes to existence. Today is Banu Tamim's turn and tomorrow is Banu 'Uday's and then [[Banu Umayya]]'s, who fought Islam with all they got and embraced Islam not by heart, but only by tongue as they did not have any other option." | ||
The author of ''A'lam al-nisa''' narrates from 'Ali b. Muhana' al-'Alawi that Abu Bakr and 'Umar usurped Fadak from Fatima (a) because they were afraid that 'Ali (a) would become powerful and challenge them over the caliphate. | The author of ''A'lam al-nisa''' narrates from 'Ali b. Muhana' al-'Alawi that Abu Bakr and 'Umar usurped Fadak from Fatima (a) because they were afraid that 'Ali (a) would become powerful and challenge them over the caliphate. | ||
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In his book ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] writes, "Starting the protest by Lady Fatima (a) had two important and positive elements: | In his book ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] writes, "Starting the protest by Lady Fatima (a) had two important and positive elements: | ||
* The emotional aspect, as the Prophet's daughter, she was more influential eliciting emotions and reviving the memories of the Prophet (s) | * The emotional aspect, as the Prophet's daughter, she was more influential eliciting emotions and reviving the memories of the Prophet (s); | ||
* The political aspect, if 'Ali had started the opposition, it probably could have led to a [[civil war]], armed uprising against the government and, eventually, dissension within the Muslim nation." | * The political aspect, if 'Ali had started the opposition, it probably could have led to a [[civil war]], armed uprising against the government and, eventually, dissension within the Muslim nation." | ||