Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a): Difference between revisions

Moreover, [[Sayyid b. Tawus]] has quoted some supplications from her that are read after the daily prayers. Some other supplications, for eliminating problems, has been narrated from her as well.

[[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] says, "My mother stayed up all Friday nights in her Mihrab for worship, and when she wanted to [[pray]], she prayed for other Muslims but not for herself. Once I asked her, "O, mother! Why don't you pray for yourself like you do for others?" She said, "O, my son! The neighbor first, then the house" (the neighbor is more important than yourself). Also, it has been narrated that when a poor woman asked her for help at her wedding night, she gave away her new clothes and wore her old clothes.

After the Prophet's demise, [[Abu Bakr]] took over the [[caliphate]] and ordered the confiscation of the Prophet's inheritance (including what he had given to his children during his life). Fatima (a) said that she was the Prophet's daughter, and like every other daughter, she will receive her father's inheritance. On the contrary, Abu Bakr said, "I have heard the [[Apostle of God (s)]] saying that, we, prophets, do not leave inheritance and what we leave is charity."

According to explicit words of Shi'a and some Sunni scholars, the Prophet (s) gave Fadak to Fatima (a) during his life after the [[revelation]] of the [[verse]], "And give the relatives their right". ([[Sura al-Isra']]:26)

According to Bukhari's report, when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (a) got angry at him and did not talk to him to the end of her life.

Ibn Qutayba writes, "After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakar and 'Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to 'Ali and asked him for help. 'Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their [[Salam]]. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, "If I narrate for you a [[hadith]] from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to?" They said, "Yes." Fatima said, "I implore you to [[God]], did you hear the Prophet saying "Fatima's happiness is my happiness and Fatima's anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?"" They replied, "Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God." Fatima said, "I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him." Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, "By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform.""

Her anger and annoyance is important because not only Shi'a but also Sunni narrators have quoted the Prophet (s), "Fatima is a part of my body, whoever make her angry has made me angry." In addition, in this event the confiscators of Fadak denied her right publicly which implies that she had lied in her true claim that his father has given it to her in his life, although she was repelled from all impurities by God as Qur'an explicitly mentions in [[Sura al-Ahzab]]:33.

[[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] in his book ''[[Fadak fi l-tarikh]]'' (Fadak in history) counts the raising of the topic of Fadak by Fatima (a) as a political move. He believes that Fadak is a symbol of a great goal and a full-scale revolution against the government of that time, which was founded in [[al-Saqifa]] by three people: [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]] and [[Abu 'Ubayda al-Jarrah]]. According to his analysis, the lady Fatima manifested her opposition to the government in 6 stages:

Analyzing the [[Sermon of Fadakiyya]], Dr. Shahidi writes, "It is clear that they ignored the core of her words and dealt with it as a speech that was only delivered for getting her inheritance. Obviously, she did delivered her sermon for taking some date trees and sheaves of wheat. A household that give away the only food they have to feed the hungry, would not cry for their stomach. She wanted to keep the [[tradition]] (sunna) and the [[justice]] alive. She feared that the thoughts of the [[Ignorance Era]], which was hidden under the cover of [[Islam]], comes to light again; and tribal prides comes to existence. Today is Banu Tamim's turn and tomorrow is Banu 'Uday's and then [[Banu Umayya]]'s, who fought Islam with all they got and embraced Islam not by heart, but only by tongue as they did not have any other option."

The author of ''A'lam al-nisa''' narrates from 'Ali b. Muhana' al-'Alawi that Abu Bakr and 'Umar usurped Fadak from Fatima (a) because they were afraid that 'Ali (a) would become powerful and challenge them over the caliphate.

In his book ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] writes, "Starting the protest by Lady Fatima (a) had two important and positive elements:

Her father's demise, oppressing her husband, denying her right and most importantly, the events took place after the Prophet's demise, hurt her soul and her body. According to historical records, she did not suffer any illnesses before the demise of her father. She got ill after these events, though.

About her [[martyrdom]], [[Abu Basir]] narrates from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that, [['Umar]] ordered his slave, [[Qunfudh]] to hit her with a sheath, and that caused miscarriage of her unborn son, [[Muhsin]]. After that, she got very sick which led to her martyrdom afterward.

Moreover, Shi'a and Sunni narrations have mentioned 'Umar's threat of setting fire to her house, setting fire to her house, pushing her against the wall by the door, hitting her by the door, breaking her ribs, and kicking her stomach, each of which could have cause her martyrdom.

::Alas! What a pity! How will ye be treated? But indeed it hath been obscured from your sight. Shall we then compel you to accept it when ye are averse to it?"

There is a [[consensus]] among Shi'a and Sunni historical sources that she was martyred in the year 11 AH/632; but there are various reports about the month and the day. The reports varies between 24 days to 8 months after the Prophet's demise. Majority of Shi'a believe that she lived 95 days after the Prophet (s). According to this she was martyred on [[Jumada l-Thania 3rd]] ([[August 29]]) -95 days after [[Safar 28]] ([[May 28]]), the day of the Prophet's demise.

Considering different reports about her birthday, there are different opinions about her life time, ranging from 18 to 35 years. According to two authentic hadiths from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] and [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that she lived 18 years, she must have been born in Jumada l-Thania, 5 years after [[Bi'tha]] ([[March 26]], 614).

Shi'a scholars unanimously believe that Fatima's body was buried at night. Al-Ya'qubi says in his history book that Fatima (a) was buried at night and no one except [[Salman]], [[Abu Dhar]] and -according to a report- [['Ammar]] participated in her [[funeral]] and [[burial]]. [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has narrated a [[hadith]] that when [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Mutallib]] suggested a respectful funeral for Fatima (a), [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] told him that Fatima had made a will to be buried privately and secretly.

Ibn Sa'd, a Sunni scholar and historian, has narrated hadiths that Fatima was buried at night by 'Ali. Baladhuri, also, reported this in two hadiths about the event. Bukhari also, writes, "Her husband buried her at night and did not let [[Abu Bakr]] to attend her funeral."

::Now, the trust has been returned and what had been given has been taken back. My grief knows no bounds, and my nights will remain sleepless till Allah chooses for me the house in which you are now residing. Certainly your daughter would apprise you of the joining together of your [[Umma]] (people) for oppressing her. You ask her in detail and get all the news about the position. This happened when a long time had not elapsed and your remembrance had not disappeared. My [[salam]] be on you both, the salam of a grief stricken not of a disgusted or a hateful person; for if I go away, it is not because I am weary (of you); and if I stay, it is not due to lack of belief in what Allah has promised the endures.

• Her own house;