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Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a): Difference between revisions
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{{infobox | |||
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| bodystyle = border-radius: 5px;background-color:LightCyan | |||
| labelstyle = background-color:DarkTurquoise; padding:5px; vertical-align:middle; | |||
| datastyle = vertical-align:middle | |||
| above = Fatima bt. Muhammad<br /> <small>[[Sayyidat Nisa' al-'Alamin]]</small> <br /> | |||
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| caption= | |||
| header2 = | |||
| header3 = | |||
|label6= Born | |||
|data6= {{Circa}} {{Birth date|604|7|27|df=yes}} CE <br> ([[Jumada l-Thania 20]], 18 [[Hijri year|BH]]) | |||
|label7= Birthplace | |||
|data7= [[Mecca]], [[Arabia]] | |||
|label8= Died | |||
|data8= {{Circa}} {{Death date and age|632|8|29|604|7|27|df=yes}} <br> ([[Jumada l-Thania 3]], 11 AH) | |||
|label9= Deathplace | |||
|data9= [[Medina]], Arabia | |||
|label10= Place of Burial | |||
|data10= Medina, Arabia (The grave is hidden) | |||
|label11= | |||
|data11= | |||
|label12= Successor | |||
|data12= | |||
|label13= Father | |||
|data13= [[Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah]] | |||
|label14= Mother | |||
|data14= [[Khadija bt. Khuwaylid]] | |||
|label15= Brother(s) | |||
|data15= | |||
|label16= Sister(s) | |||
|data16= | |||
|label17= Spouse(s) | |||
|data17= [['Ali b. Abi Talib]] | |||
|label18= Son(s) | |||
|data18= [[al-Hasan]], [[al-Husayn]], [[Muhsin]] | |||
|label19= Daughter(s) | |||
|data19= [[Zaynab]], [[Umm Kulthum]] | |||
|label20= Descendants | |||
|data20= [[Ahl al-Bayt]] | |||
|label21= Other Titles | |||
|data21= Kunyas: Umm al-Hasan, Umm al-Husayn, {{nowrap|Umm Abiha {{smaller|(mother of her father)}}}}, Batul, Siddiqa, Tahira, Marziyya | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Fāṭima bt. Muḥammad (a)''' (Arabic: فاطمة بنت محمد) was the daughter of [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[Lady Khadija (a)]]. She was [[Imam 'Ali]]'s (a) wife, and [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] were her sons. Fatima is one of | '''Fāṭima bt. Muḥammad (a)''' (Arabic: فاطمة بنت محمد) was the daughter of [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[Lady Khadija (a)]]. She was [[Imam 'Ali]]'s (a) wife, and [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] were her sons. Fatima is one of the Five [[Ashab al-Kisa']]. She is one of the [[14 Infallibles]] based on [[Twelver Shi'a]] beliefs. She was the only woman who accompanied the Prophet (s) in the [[event of Mubahala]] with the Christians of [[Najran]]. | ||
She did not pledge [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]] and opposed him firmly. After the confiscation of | She did not pledge [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]] and opposed him firmly. After the [[confiscation of Fadak]] and usurpation of Imam 'Ali's right in being the [[Caliph]], she delivered a sermon in [[al-Masjid al-Nabi]], which is known as [[al-Khutbat al-Fadakiyya]]. Soon after the Prophet's (s) demise, she passed away in [[Jumada l-Thania 3]], [[11]]/[[August 29]], 632 in [[Medina]]. Then she was buried secretly at night. | ||
Fatima (a) was one of the eloquent [[Arab]] women. Ibn Tayfur (d. 280/893) has narrated her sermons in a book titled as ''[[Balaghat al-nisa']]'' (eloquence of women). [[Al Abi Talib]] taught their children her sermon on Fadak.<ref>Shahidi, ''[[Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra]]'', p.123</ref> | |||
==Lineage, Kunya, and Titles== | ==Lineage, Kunya, and Titles== | ||
The [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was her father, and her mother was [[Khadija bt. Khuwalid]] | The [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was her father, and her mother was [[Khadija bt. Khuwalid]].<ref>Shahidi, ''[[Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra]]'', p.21</ref> | ||
Fatima (a) had several titles, such as Zahra', Siddiqa, Tahira, Radiyya, Mardiyya, Mubaraka, [[Batul]], etc. Among these titles, Zahra' is the most famous one that sometimes comes along with her name ( | Fatima (a) had several titles, such as al-Zahra', al-Siddiqa, al-Tahira, al-Radiyya, al-Mardiyya, al-Mubaraka, [[al-Batul]], etc. Among these titles, al-Zahra' is the most famous one that sometimes comes along with her name (Fatima al-Zahra'). Literally, Zahra' means shining, radiant, and bright. <ref>Shahidi, ''[[Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra]]'', p.33</ref> | ||
She also had several [[Kunya]]s the most famous of which are [[Umm Abiha]], [[Umm al-A'imma]], Umm al-Hasan, Umm al-Husayn and Umm al-Mushin.<ref> | She also had several [[Kunya]]s the most famous of which are: [[Umm Abiha]], [[Umm al-A'imma]], Umm al-Hasan, Umm al-Husayn and Umm al-Mushin.<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol.43, p.16; Ibn Shahrashub, ''Manaqib'', vol.3, p.132; Al-Qummi, ''Bayt al-ahzan'', p.12</ref> | ||
==Early Life== | ==Early Life== | ||
Fatima lived in [[Mecca]] from her birth to [[Hijra]] (immigration of the Muslims to Medina 13 year after [[Bi'tha]]). It has been narrated in Shi'a and Sunni sources that before her mother was conceived with her, [[God]] ordered the Prophet (s) to avoid [[Lady Khadija (a)]] for 40 days. After 40 days of [[praying]], [[fasting]] and worship, he was taken to [[Mi'raj]], where he ate heavenly foods, then he went back to Khadija and she got pregnant with Fatima (a).<ref>Mahallati, ''Zindigani-yi hazrat-i Fatimi'', pp.7-8</ref> | Fatima lived in [[Mecca]] from her birth to [[Hijra]] (immigration of the Muslims to Medina 13 year after [[Bi'tha]]). It has been narrated in Shi'a and Sunni sources that before her mother was conceived with her, [[God]] ordered the Prophet (s) to avoid [[Lady Khadija (a)]] for 40 days. After 40 days of [[praying]], [[fasting]], and worship, he was taken to [[Mi'raj]], where he ate heavenly foods, then he went back to Khadija and she got pregnant with Fatima (a).<ref>Mahallati, ''Zindigani-yi hazrat-i Fatimi'', pp.7-8</ref> | ||
===Birth | ===Birth=== | ||
Fatima (a) was born in [[Mecca]] in the Prophet's (s) house. There are different reports about her birthday in Shi'a and Sunni sources. Sunnis believe that she was born five years before [[Bi'tha]], in the year that [[Ka'ba]] was rebuilt.<ref>Ayati, ''Chikidi-yi tarikh-i payambar-i Islam'', p.35</ref> [[Al-Kulayni]], however, says in ''[[al-Kafi]]'' that she was born five years after Bi'tha.<ref> | Fatima (a) was born in [[Mecca]] in the Prophet's (s) house. There are different reports about her birthday in Shi'a and Sunni sources. Sunnis believe that she was born five years before [[Bi'tha]]/599, in the year that [[Ka'ba]] was rebuilt.<ref>Ayati, ''Chikidi-yi tarikh-i payambar-i Islam'', p.35</ref> [[Al-Kulayni]], however, says in ''[[al-Kafi]]'' that she was born five years after Bi'tha/614.<ref>Al-Kulayni, ''Al-Kafi'', vol.1, p.530</ref> Al-Ya'qubi writes that she was 23 at her demise.<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', trans. Ayati, vol.1, p.512</ref> According to this report she must have been born on the year of Bi'tha/609. This also matches [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]]'s opinion that Fatima (a) was 13 when she married [['Ali (a)]] five months after Hijra.<ref>Ayati, ''Chikidi-yi tarikh-i payambar-i Islam'', pp.35-36; (cited from ''Misbah al-mutahajjid'', p.561)</ref> | ||
===Childhood=== | ===Childhood=== | ||
Fatima (a) spent her early youth under the care of her parents and specially her father.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.35</ref> Contrary to the local customs in which the newborn were sent to "wet nurses" in surrounding villages. Her childhood was synchronized with the time of formation of [[Islam]], when Muslims were suffering the tribulations caused by [[polytheist]]s in [[Mecca]].<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp.36-39</ref> The Muslims were tested during this period by tough sanctions and tortures and were put in economic blockade | Fatima (a) spent her early youth under the care of her parents and specially her father.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.35</ref> Contrary to the local customs in which the newborn were sent to "wet nurses" in surrounding villages. Her childhood was synchronized with the time of formation of [[Islam]], when Muslims were suffering the tribulations caused by [[polytheist]]s in [[Mecca]].<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp.36-39</ref> The Muslims were tested during this period by tough sanctions and tortures and were put in economic blockade in a valley called [[Shi'b Abi Talib]]. They barely have enough food to eat and enough water to drink. [[Khadija]] and [[Abu Talib]], the main supporters of the Prophet (s) both passed away during this period [in the year 10 after Bi'tha/619 which is also called [['Am al-Huzn]] (the year of sorrow)].<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp.39-45</ref> It was then that the Prophet (s) gave Fatima (a) the title of "[[Umm Abiha]]" (the mother of her father) due to the supports and cares she provided for her father.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp.36-45</ref> | ||
==Immigration to Medina== | ==Immigration to Medina== | ||
Later in this period, Muslims immigrated to | {{main|Immigration to Medina}} | ||
Later in this period, Muslims immigrated to Yathrib (later known as [[Medina]]). Afterward, the [[Hijra]] of the Prophet (s) to Medina was designated the first year of [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.42</ref> After that the Prophet (s) moved to Medina, his family relocated as well. Al-Baladhuri writes, [[Zayd b. Haritha]] and [[Abu Rafi']] were responsible for accompanying Fatima and [[Umm Kulthum]] on the way toward Medina."<ref>''Ansab al-ashraf'', p.414, 269 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.42</ref> However, [[Ibn Hisham]] says that it was [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Mutallib]] who accompanied them.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''Sirat al-nabi'', vol.4, p.29 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> | |||
In another report, al-Ya'qubi, who lived in the 1st/7th century, writes, "'Ali (a) took her (Fatima) to Medina."<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2, p.31 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> [[Hadiths]] narrated by Shi'a support al-Ya'qubi's report.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> For instance, [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has quoted in his book ''[[al-Amali]]'' that the Prophet (s) had not entered Medina and had stayed in [[Quba]], and said that he would not enter the city until his cousin ('Ali) and his daughter come. According to this report, in addition to Fatima (a), [[Fatima bt. Asad]] -Imam Ali's mother- and | In another report, al-Ya'qubi, who lived in the 1st/7th century, writes, "'Ali (a) took her (Fatima) to Medina."<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2, p.31 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> [[Hadiths]] narrated by Shi'a support al-Ya'qubi's report.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> For instance, [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has quoted in his book ''[[al-Amali]]'' that the Prophet (s) had not entered Medina and had stayed in [[Quba]], and said that he would not enter the city until his cousin ('Ali) and his daughter come. According to this report, in addition to Fatima (a), [[Fatima bt. Asad]] -Imam Ali's mother- and Fatima bt. Zubayr b. 'Abd al-Mutallib immigrated with Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', pp. 694-695</ref> Anyway, they mounted the camel and the caravan was ready to depart, Huwayrith b. Nuqayd -one of the Prophet's enemies who insulted him frequently- frightened their camel so it bolted and threw them.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''Sirat al-Nabi'', vol. 4, p. 30, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 42-43</ref> | ||
==Husband and Children== | ==Husband and Children== | ||
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===Marriage Proposal=== | ===Marriage Proposal=== | ||
Fatima had many suitors including many famous [[Companions of the Prophet (s)]] such as [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]] | Fatima had many suitors including many famous [[Companions of the Prophet (s)]] such as [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]]. But the Prophet rejected them<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, p. 11</ref> giving an excuse that Fatima is very young. Furthermore, some of [[Muhajirun]] asked the Prophet (s) for her hand in marriage,<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 2, p. 310</ref> but he told them, "God is responsible for her marriage and no one else. I am waiting for God's decision for her [Marriage]."<ref>Qazwini, ''Fatimi-yi Zahra; az wiladat ta shahadat'', p. 191</ref>However, when Imam 'Ali proposed, The Propeht (s) accepted his proposal immediately.<ref>Al-Nasa'i, ''Sunan al-Nasa'i'', vol. 6, p. 62</ref> | ||
When [[ | When [[Ali (a)]] asked the Prophet (s) for Fatima's hand, he (s) said, "O 'Ali! Various men has mentioned her but whenever I told her I saw expressions of dislike on her face; but let me go to her [and ask her]." When the Prophet (s) entered the house, Fatima (a) took his clack and sandals and brought him water to wash his face and hand, then the Prophet said, "O, Fatima! you know the kinship, the merits and the antecedence in Islam of 'Ali. Besides, I asked [[God]] to marry you to the best person and the most favorite one to Him. 'Ali has just mentioned your name [for marriage], so what do you say?" She remained silent and did not move her head. When the Prophet (s) did not see expression of dislike on her face, stood up saying "[[Allah Akbar]]! Her silence is her acceptance." Then [[Gabriel]] came to the Prophet and said, "Marry her to [['Ali b. Abi Talib]]. God has chosen her for him and him for her." | ||
Later, he (s) told Fatima, "I have married you to the first Muslim from this nation."<ref>Shafi'i Shahrudi, ''Silsili-yi muzu'at-i al-Ghadir'', vol. 8, p. 60</ref> | Later, he (s) told Fatima, "I have married you to the first Muslim from this nation."<ref>Shafi'i Shahrudi, ''Silsili-yi muzu'at-i al-Ghadir'', vol. 8, p. 60</ref> | ||
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===Marriage=== | ===Marriage=== | ||
Fatima (a) married [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in 2/623 in [[Medina]].<ref>Ayati, ''Chikidi-yi tarikh-i payambar-i Islam'', p.35</ref> Imam 'Ali (a) sold his armor and gave about 400 [[Dirham]]s to the Prophet (s) as her [[Mahr]]. Without counting them, the Prophet (s) gave a little portion of it to [[Bilal]] and asked him to buy perfume for Fatima; and gave the rest of it to [[Abu Bakar]] and asked him to prepare whatever she was going to need. The Prophet (s) asked a few other companions such as [['Ammar]] to help Abu Bakr in this regard. [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned the stuff that they bought and prepared for the lady Fatima (s) in a detailed list.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', vol. 1, p. 39, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 58-59</ref> | Fatima (a) married [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in [[2]]/623 in [[Medina]].<ref>Ayati, ''Chikidi-yi tarikh-i payambar-i Islam'', p.35</ref> Imam 'Ali (a) sold his armor and gave about 400 [[Dirham]]s to the Prophet (s) as her [[Mahr]]. Without counting them, the Prophet (s) gave a little portion of it to [[Bilal]] and asked him to buy perfume for Fatima; and gave the rest of it to [[Abu Bakar]] and asked him to prepare whatever she was going to need. The Prophet (s) asked a few other companions such as [['Ammar]] to help Abu Bakr in this regard. [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned the stuff that they bought and prepared for the lady Fatima (s) in a detailed list.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', vol. 1, p. 39, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 58-59</ref> | ||
===Becoming the Prophets' Neighbor=== | ===Becoming the Prophets' Neighbor=== | ||
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===Children=== | ===Children=== | ||
She had 4 children by 'Ali (a); two sons, [[al-Hasan]] and [[al-Husayn]], and two daughters, [[Zaynab]] and [[Umm Kulthum]]. There is no doubt among historians about the existence of these 4 children. Imam al-Hasan (a) was born on [[Ramadan 15]], 3/[[February 22]], 625 and Imam al-Husayn (a) was born in [[Sha'ban 3]], 4 /[[January 11]], 626.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> | She had 4 children by 'Ali (a); two sons, [[al-Hasan]] and [[al-Husayn]], and two daughters, [[Zaynab]] and [[Umm Kulthum]]. There is no doubt among historians about the existence of these 4 children. Imam al-Hasan (a) was born on [[Ramadan 15]], [[3]]/[[February 22]], 625 and Imam al-Husayn (a) was born in [[Sha'ban 3]], [[4]]/[[January 11]], 626.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> | ||
====Muhsin==== | ====Al-Muhsin==== | ||
{{Main|Mushin b. 'Ali}} | {{Main|Mushin b. 'Ali}} | ||
Some Shi'a biographers and Sunni scholars have named another son for her, named [[al-Muhassan]]. Baladhuri (d. 279/892) writes, "Fatima gave birth to al-Hasan, al-Husayn and al-Muhassan. Al-Muhassan died in his childhood."<ref>Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 402, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> He also reports, "When al-Muhassan was born, the Prophet (s) asked Fatima, what did you name him? She | Some Shi'a biographers and Sunni scholars have named another son for her, named [[al-Muhassan]]. Al-Baladhuri (d. 279/892) writes, "Fatima gave birth to al-Hasan, al-Husayn, and al-Muhassan. Al-Muhassan died in his childhood."<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 402, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> He also reports, "When al-Muhassan was born, the Prophet (s) asked Fatima, what did you name him? She said, Harb. He said, his name is al-Muhassan."<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 404, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> Also 'Ali b. Ahmad b. Sa'id al-Andalusi (b. [[384]]/994 d. [[456]]/1064) the author of ''Jamharat ansab al-'Arab'', writes: "Al-Muhassan died in childhood."<ref>Al-Andalusi, ''Jamharat ansab al-'Arab'', p. 16, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 243</ref> However, Mus'ab al-Zubayri (d. [[236]]/851), who lived before al-Baladhuri and al-Andalusi, and authored ''Nasab al-Quraysh'', did not mention anything about al-Muhassan. | ||
[[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] counts Imam Ali's children from Fatima (a) as follows: "[[Al-Hasan]], [[al-Husayn]], [[Zaynab al-Kubra]] and [[Zaynab al-Sughra]], whose [[kunya]] is [[Umm Kulthum]]."<ref>[[Al-Mufid]], ''[[Al-Irshad]]'', vol. 1, p. 355, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', 243</ref> Toward the end of the same chapter he adds "some Shi'a said that after the Prophet (s), Fatima had a miscarriage of a boy called Muhsin."<ref>Al-Mufid, '' | [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] counts Imam Ali's children from Fatima (a) as follows: "[[Al-Hasan]], [[al-Husayn]], [[Zaynab al-Kubra]] and [[Zaynab al-Sughra]], whose [[kunya]] is [[Umm Kulthum]]."<ref>[[Al-Mufid]], ''[[Al-Irshad]]'', vol. 1, p. 355, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', 243</ref> Toward the end of the same chapter he adds "some Shi'a said that after the Prophet (s), Fatima had a miscarriage of a boy called Muhsin."<ref>Al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', pp. 270-271; Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 243</ref> It has been narrated in Shi'a [[hadith]]s and some Sunni sources that she had the miscarriage during the events happened to her after the Prophet's demise.<ref>Shahristani, ''Al-Milal wa l-nihal'', vol. 1, p. 77, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 243</ref> | ||
==Lifestyle== | ==Lifestyle== | ||
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Once 'Ali (a) told a man from Banu Sa'd, "Do you want me to tell you a story of Fatima and me?, Fatima was the most beloved person by her father. She carried water in my house many times that its band had marked her chest skin, and moved the quern very much that there was calluses on her hand, and swept the house many times that the color of her clothes had changed to the one of the dust."<ref>Ahmad b. Hanbal, ''Musnad'', vol. 2, p. 329; as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 85</ref> | Once 'Ali (a) told a man from Banu Sa'd, "Do you want me to tell you a story of Fatima and me?, Fatima was the most beloved person by her father. She carried water in my house many times that its band had marked her chest skin, and moved the quern very much that there was calluses on her hand, and swept the house many times that the color of her clothes had changed to the one of the dust."<ref>Ahmad b. Hanbal, ''Musnad'', vol. 2, p. 329; as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 85</ref> | ||
In the married life, Fatima was responsible for indoor chores, such as cooking and taking care of children; while 'Ali was responsible for outdoor chores, such as buying and provision of firewood.<ref>Qazwini, ''Fatimi-yi Zahra; az wiladat ta shahadat'', p. 236; Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar'', vol. 43, p. 31, as cited in '' | In the married life, Fatima was responsible for indoor chores, such as cooking and taking care of children; while 'Ali was responsible for outdoor chores, such as buying and provision of firewood.<ref>Qazwini, ''Fatimi-yi Zahra; az wiladat ta shahadat'', p. 236; Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol. 43, p. 31, as cited in ''Tafsir al-'Ayyashi''</ref> | ||
===With Husband=== | ===With Husband=== | ||
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===Anger at Abu Bakr and 'Umar=== | ===Anger at Abu Bakr and 'Umar=== | ||
According to the report of ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', | According to the report of ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (a) got angry at him and did not talk to him to the end of her life.<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''[[Sahih]]'', vol. 4, p. 142</ref> | ||
Ibn Qutayba writes, "After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakar and 'Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to 'Ali and asked him for help. 'Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their [[Salam]]. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, "If I narrate for you a [[hadith]] from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to?" They said, "Yes." Fatima said, "I implore you to [[God]], did you hear the Prophet saying "Fatima's happiness is my happiness and Fatima's anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?"" They replied, "Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God." Fatima said, "I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him." Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, "By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform"."<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''Al-Imama wa l-siyasa'', vol. 1, p. 31; Kahhala, ''A'lam al-nisa''', vol. 4, pp. 123-124</ref> | Ibn Qutayba writes, "After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakar and 'Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to 'Ali and asked him for help. 'Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their [[Salam]]. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, "If I narrate for you a [[hadith]] from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to?" They said, "Yes." Fatima said, "I implore you to [[God]], did you hear the Prophet saying "Fatima's happiness is my happiness and Fatima's anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?"" They replied, "Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God." Fatima said, "I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him." Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, "By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform"."<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''Al-Imama wa l-siyasa'', vol. 1, p. 31; Kahhala, ''A'lam al-nisa''', vol. 4, pp. 123-124</ref> | ||
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[[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] in his book ''[[Fadak fi l-tarikh]]'' (Fadak in history) counts the raising of the topic of Fadak by Fatima (a) as a political move.<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 49, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> He believes that Fadak is a symbol of a great goal and a full-scale revolution against the government of that time, which was founded in [[al-Saqifa]] by three people: [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]] and [[Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah]].<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', pp. 48, 63, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> According to his analysis,<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> the lady Fatima manifested her opposition to the government in 6 stages:<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 395-396</ref> | [[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] in his book ''[[Fadak fi l-tarikh]]'' (Fadak in history) counts the raising of the topic of Fadak by Fatima (a) as a political move.<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 49, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> He believes that Fadak is a symbol of a great goal and a full-scale revolution against the government of that time, which was founded in [[al-Saqifa]] by three people: [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]] and [[Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah]].<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', pp. 48, 63, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> According to his analysis,<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> the lady Fatima manifested her opposition to the government in 6 stages:<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 395-396</ref> | ||
# Sending | # Sending her representative to Abu Bakr for asking her inheritance (including Fadak and other things) and implying that Fadak was a part of the inheritance before saying that the [[Prophet (s)]] gave it to her as a gift; | ||
# Direct involvement and severe conversation with Abu Bakr; | # Direct involvement and severe conversation with Abu Bakr; | ||
# Delivering a sermon in [[Masjid al-Nabi]], 10 days after the Prophet's demise; | # Delivering a sermon in [[Masjid al-Nabi]], 10 days after the Prophet's demise; | ||
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::Surely; [their action] is clear loss. Why were they hostile to [[Abu l-Hasan (a)]]? They took vengeance, by Allah, from him for his unbiased [[sword]], his carelessness about his [[death]] (i.e., his unprecedented courage), his deadly assaults, his severe encounters, and his anger for the sole sake of Allah, Exalted is His Name. | ::Surely; [their action] is clear loss. Why were they hostile to [[Abu l-Hasan (a)]]? They took vengeance, by Allah, from him for his unbiased [[sword]], his carelessness about his [[death]] (i.e., his unprecedented courage), his deadly assaults, his severe encounters, and his anger for the sole sake of Allah, Exalted is His Name. | ||
::By Allah, | ::By Allah, had they prevented each other from assuming the reigns of power, which [[Allah's Messenger (s)]] entrusted to him, he would have held it and led them smoothly, he would not have harmed them the size of a thread, nor, would his followers stammer, (meaning they would have lived in harmony under the rule if 'Ali (a)). | ||
::He surely would have delivered them to a spring pure, lush, abundant, and flowing over its banks; yet, its sides are not muddy. He certainly would have brought them back satisfied, and advised them secretly and publicly without providing himself with any availing thing. | ::He surely would have delivered them to a spring pure, lush, abundant, and flowing over its banks; yet, its sides are not muddy. He certainly would have brought them back satisfied, and advised them secretly and publicly without providing himself with any availing thing. | ||
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{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* The material for writing this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7 حضرت فاطمه زهرا] in Farsi WikiShia. | * The material for writing this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7 حضرت فاطمه زهرا] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
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[[Category:Children of the Prophet (s)]] | [[Category:Children of the Prophet (s)]] | ||
[[Category:Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] | [[Category:Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] | ||
[[Category:Famous | [[Category:Famous women]] | ||
[[Category:Banu Hashim]] | |||