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Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a): Difference between revisions
Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a) (view source)
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'''Fāṭima bt. Muḥammad (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic| | '''Fāṭima bt. Muḥammad (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|(فاطِمَة بنت مُحَمَّد (ص}}) was the daughter of [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[Lady Khadija (a)]]. She was [[Imam 'Ali]]'s (a) wife, and [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] were her sons. Fatima is one of the Five [[Ashab al-Kisa']]. She is one of the [[14 Infallibles]] based on [[Twelver Shi'a]] beliefs. She was the only woman who accompanied the Prophet (s) in the [[event of Mubahala]] with the Christians of [[Najran]]. | ||
She did not pledge [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]] and opposed him firmly. After the [[confiscation of Fadak]] and usurpation of Imam 'Ali's right in being the [[Caliph]], she delivered a sermon in [[al-Masjid al-Nabi]], which is known as [[al-Khutbat al-Fadakiyya]]. Soon after the Prophet's (s) demise, she passed away in [[Jumada II 3]], [[11]]/[[August 29]], 632 in [[Medina]]. Then, she was buried in secret at night. | She did not pledge [[allegiance]] to [[Abu Bakr]] and opposed him firmly. After the [[Fadak|confiscation of Fadak]] and usurpation of Imam 'Ali's right in being the [[Caliph]], she delivered a sermon in [[al-Masjid al-Nabi]], which is known as [[al-Khutbat al-Fadakiyya]]. Soon after the Prophet's (s) demise, she passed away in [[Jumada II 3]], [[11]]/[[August 29]], 632 in [[Medina]]. Then, she was buried in secret at night. | ||
Fatima (a) was one of the eloquent [[Arab]] women. Ibn Tayfur (d. 280/893) has narrated her sermons in a book titled as ''[[Balaghat al-nisa']]'' (eloquence of women). [[Al Abi Talib]] taught their children her sermon on Fadak.<ref>Shahidi, ''[[Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra]]'', p.123</ref> | Fatima (a) was one of the eloquent [[Arab]] women. Ibn Tayfur (d. 280/893) has narrated her sermons in a book titled as ''[[Balaghat al-nisa']]'' (eloquence of women). [[Al Abi Talib]] taught their children her sermon on Fadak.<ref>Shahidi, ''[[Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra]]'', p.123</ref> | ||
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===Marriage=== | ===Marriage=== | ||
Fatima (a) married [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in [[2]]/623 in [[Medina]].<ref>Ayati, ''Chikidi-yi tarikh-i payambar-i Islam'', p.35</ref> Imam 'Ali (a) sold his armor and gave about 400 [[Dirham]]s to the Prophet (s) as her [[Mahr]]. Without counting them, the Prophet (s) gave a little portion of it to [[Bilal]] and asked him to buy perfume for Fatima; and gave the rest of it to [[Abu | Fatima (a) married [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in [[2]]/623 in [[Medina]].<ref>Ayati, ''Chikidi-yi tarikh-i payambar-i Islam'', p.35</ref> Imam 'Ali (a) sold his armor and gave about 400 [[Dirham]]s to the Prophet (s) as her [[Mahr]]. Without counting them, the Prophet (s) gave a little portion of it to [[Bilal]] and asked him to buy perfume for Fatima; and gave the rest of it to [[Abu Bakr]] and asked him to prepare whatever she was going to need. The Prophet (s) asked a few other companions such as [['Ammar b. Yasir]] to help Abu Bakr in this regard. [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned the stuff that they bought and prepared for the lady Fatima (s) in a detailed list.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', vol. 1, p. 39, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 58-59</ref> | ||
===Becoming the Prophets' Neighbor=== | ===Becoming the Prophets' Neighbor=== | ||
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Al-Hasan al-Basri, a Sunni personality, says, "In this nation (Islam nation) no one was more prayerful than Fatima. She stood up for Salat very much that her feet got swollen."<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar'', vol. 43, p. 84</ref> | Al-Hasan al-Basri, a Sunni personality, says, "In this nation (Islam nation) no one was more prayerful than Fatima. She stood up for Salat very much that her feet got swollen."<ref>Al-Majlisi, ''Bihar'', vol. 43, p. 84</ref> | ||
[[Tasbih of Lady Fatima]], is one of the most famous [[Dhikr]]s which has been narrated in authentic book of both Shi'a and Sunni. This Dhikr is one of the most important and common rites after the [[daily prayers]]. It consists of 34 times "[[Allah Akbar]]" (Allah is the greatest), 33 times "al-Hamd li-Allah" (all praise belongs to Allah), and 33 times "Subhan Allah" (Exalted be Allah).<ref>This is the most famous form of performing this Tasbih, but there are also other forms mentioned in some narrations. See Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 94</ref> | [[Tasbih of Lady Fatima (a)]], is one of the most famous [[Dhikr]]s which has been narrated in authentic book of both Shi'a and Sunni. This Dhikr is one of the most important and common rites after the [[daily prayers]]. It consists of 34 times "[[Allah Akbar]]" (Allah is the greatest), 33 times "al-Hamd li-Allah" (all praise belongs to Allah), and 33 times "Subhan Allah" (Exalted be Allah).<ref>This is the most famous form of performing this Tasbih, but there are also other forms mentioned in some narrations. See Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 94</ref> | ||
Moreover, [[Sayyid b. Tawus]] has quoted some supplications from her that are read after the daily prayers. Some other supplications, for eliminating problems, has been narrated from her as well.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 94</ref> | Moreover, [[Sayyid b. Tawus]] has quoted some supplications from her that are read after the daily prayers. Some other supplications, for eliminating problems, has been narrated from her as well.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 94</ref> | ||
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According to the report of ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (a) got angry at him and did not talk to him to the end of her life.<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''[[Sahih]]'', vol. 4, p. 142</ref> | According to the report of ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', when Abu Bakr narrated from the Prophet (s) that prophets do not leave inheritance and what they leave is charity, Fatima (a) got angry at him and did not talk to him to the end of her life.<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''[[Sahih]]'', vol. 4, p. 142</ref> | ||
Ibn Qutayba writes, "After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu | Ibn Qutayba writes, "After that Fatima became angry at them, Abu Bakr and 'Umar came to her house for propitiating her; but when they asked for permission to enter the house, Fatima did not let them in. So they went to 'Ali and asked him for help. 'Ali took them to the house to Fatima; but Fatima turned his face away from them and did not reply their [[Salam]]. After that Abu Bakr talked, Fatima asked them, "If I narrate for you a [[hadith]] from the Prophet, will you acknowledge that and act according to?" They said, "Yes." Fatima said, "I implore you to [[God]], did you hear the Prophet saying "Fatima's happiness is my happiness and Fatima's anger is my anger; so, whoever like Fatima, my daughter, had liked me and whoever make Fatima happy had made me happy and whoever make Fatima angry had made me angry?"" They replied, "Yes, we heard this from the Apostle of God." Fatima said, "I call God and his angles as witnesses that you two have made me angry and did not made me happy and if I see the Prophet I will complain about you to him." Abu Bakr started talking, but Fatima continued her words addressing him, "By God, I will curse you after each prayer I perform"."<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''Al-Imama wa l-siyasa'', vol. 1, p. 31; Kahhala, ''A'lam al-nisa''', vol. 4, pp. 123-124</ref> | ||
Her anger and annoyance is important because not only Shi'a but also Sunni narrators have quoted the Prophet (s), "Fatima is a part of my body, whoever make her angry has made me angry."<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''Sahih'', vol. 4, p. 210</ref> In addition, in this event the confiscators of Fadak denied her right publicly which implies that she had lied in her true claim that his father has given it to her in his life, although she was repelled from all impurities by God as Qur'an explicitly mentions in [[Tathir verse]] ([[Sura al-Ahzab]]:33). | Her anger and annoyance is important because not only Shi'a but also Sunni narrators have quoted the Prophet (s), "Fatima is a part of my body, whoever make her angry has made me angry."<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''Sahih'', vol. 4, p. 210</ref> In addition, in this event the confiscators of Fadak denied her right publicly which implies that she had lied in her true claim that his father has given it to her in his life, although she was repelled from all impurities by God as Qur'an explicitly mentions in [[Tathir verse]] ([[Sura al-Ahzab]]:33). | ||
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Shi'a scholars unanimously believe that Fatima's body was buried at night.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | Shi'a scholars unanimously believe that Fatima's body was buried at night.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | ||
[[Al-Ya'qubi]] says in his history book that Fatima (a) was buried at night and no one except [[Salman]], [[Abu Dhar]] and -according to a report- [['Ammar]] participated in her [[funeral]] and [[burial]].<ref>Al-Ya'qubu, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 1, p. 512</ref> [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has narrated a [[hadith]] that when [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Mutallib]] suggested a respectful funeral for Fatima (a), [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] told him that Fatima had made a will to be buried privately and secretly.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', p. 245</ref> | [[Al-Ya'qubi]] says in his history book that Fatima (a) was buried at night and no one except [[Salman]], [[Abu Dhar]] and -according to a report- [['Ammar b. Yasir|'Ammar]] participated in her [[funeral]] and [[burial]].<ref>Al-Ya'qubu, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 1, p. 512</ref> [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has narrated a [[hadith]] that when [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Mutallib]] suggested a respectful funeral for Fatima (a), [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] told him that Fatima had made a will to be buried privately and secretly.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', p. 245</ref> | ||
Ibn Sa'd, a Sunni scholar and historian, has narrated hadiths that Fatima was buried at night by 'Ali.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, pp. 18-19, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Baladhuri, also, reported this in two hadiths about the event.<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 405, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Bukhari also, writes, "Her husband buried her at night and did not let [[Abu Bakr]] to attend her funeral."<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', vol. 5, p. 177, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | Ibn Sa'd, a Sunni scholar and historian, has narrated hadiths that Fatima was buried at night by 'Ali.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, pp. 18-19, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Baladhuri, also, reported this in two hadiths about the event.<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 405, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Bukhari also, writes, "Her husband buried her at night and did not let [[Abu Bakr]] to attend her funeral."<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', vol. 5, p. 177, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | ||