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Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' (a): Difference between revisions
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{{main|Immigration to Medina}} | {{main|Immigration to Medina}} | ||
Later in this period, Muslims immigrated to Yathrib (later known as [[Medina]]). Afterward, the [[Hijra]] of the Prophet (s) to Medina was designated the first year of [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.42</ref> After that the Prophet (s) moved to Medina, his family relocated as well. Al-Baladhuri writes, [[Zayd b. Haritha]] and [[Abu Rafi']] were responsible for accompanying Fatima and [[Umm Kulthum]] on the way toward Medina."<ref>''Ansab al-ashraf'', p.414, 269 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.42</ref> However, [[Ibn Hisham]] says that it was [['Abbas b. 'Abd al- | Later in this period, Muslims immigrated to Yathrib (later known as [[Medina]]). Afterward, the [[Hijra]] of the Prophet (s) to Medina was designated the first year of [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.42</ref> After that the Prophet (s) moved to Medina, his family relocated as well. Al-Baladhuri writes, [[Zayd b. Haritha]] and [[Abu Rafi']] were responsible for accompanying Fatima and [[Umm Kulthum]] on the way toward Medina."<ref>''Ansab al-ashraf'', p.414, 269 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.42</ref> However, [[Ibn Hisham]] says that it was [[al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] who accompanied them.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''Sirat al-nabi'', vol.4, p.29 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> | ||
In another report, al-Ya'qubi, who lived in the 1st/7th century, writes, "'Ali (a) took her (Fatima) to Medina."<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2, p.31 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> [[Hadiths]] narrated by Shi'a support al-Ya'qubi's report.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> For instance, [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has quoted in his book ''[[al-Amali]]'' that the Prophet (s) had not entered Medina and had stayed in [[Quba]], and said that he would not enter the city until his cousin ('Ali) and his daughter come. According to this report, in addition to Fatima (a), [[Fatima bt. Asad]] -Imam Ali's mother- and Fatima bt. Zubayr b. 'Abd al-Mutallib immigrated with Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', pp. 694-695</ref> Anyway, they mounted the camel and the caravan was ready to depart, Huwayrith b. Nuqayd -one of the Prophet's enemies who insulted him frequently- frightened their camel so it bolted and threw them.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''Sirat al-Nabi'', vol. 4, p. 30, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 42-43</ref> | In another report, al-Ya'qubi, who lived in the 1st/7th century, writes, "'Ali (a) took her (Fatima) to Medina."<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol.2, p.31 as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> [[Hadiths]] narrated by Shi'a support al-Ya'qubi's report.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p.43</ref> For instance, [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has quoted in his book ''[[al-Amali]]'' that the Prophet (s) had not entered Medina and had stayed in [[Quba]], and said that he would not enter the city until his cousin ('Ali) and his daughter come. According to this report, in addition to Fatima (a), [[Fatima bt. Asad]] -Imam Ali's mother- and Fatima bt. Zubayr b. 'Abd al-Mutallib immigrated with Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', pp. 694-695</ref> Anyway, they mounted the camel and the caravan was ready to depart, Huwayrith b. Nuqayd -one of the Prophet's enemies who insulted him frequently- frightened their camel so it bolted and threw them.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''Sirat al-Nabi'', vol. 4, p. 30, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 42-43</ref> | ||
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Fatima had many suitors including many famous [[Companions of the Prophet (s)]] such as [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]]. But the Prophet rejected them<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, p. 11</ref> giving an excuse that Fatima is very young. Furthermore, some of [[Muhajirun]] asked the Prophet (s) for her hand in marriage,<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 2, p. 310</ref> but he told them, "God is responsible for her marriage and no one else. I am waiting for God's decision for her [Marriage]."<ref>Qazwini, ''Fatimi-yi Zahra; az wiladat ta shahadat'', p. 191</ref>However, when Imam 'Ali proposed, The Propeht (s) accepted his proposal immediately.<ref>Al-Nasa'i, ''Sunan al-Nasa'i'', vol. 6, p. 62</ref> | Fatima had many suitors including many famous [[Companions of the Prophet (s)]] such as [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]]. But the Prophet rejected them<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, p. 11</ref> giving an excuse that Fatima is very young. Furthermore, some of [[Muhajirun]] asked the Prophet (s) for her hand in marriage,<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 2, p. 310</ref> but he told them, "God is responsible for her marriage and no one else. I am waiting for God's decision for her [Marriage]."<ref>Qazwini, ''Fatimi-yi Zahra; az wiladat ta shahadat'', p. 191</ref>However, when Imam 'Ali proposed, The Propeht (s) accepted his proposal immediately.<ref>Al-Nasa'i, ''Sunan al-Nasa'i'', vol. 6, p. 62</ref> | ||
When [[Ali (a)]] asked the Prophet (s) for Fatima's hand, he (s) said, "O 'Ali! Various men has mentioned her but whenever I told her I saw expressions of dislike on her face; but let me go to her [and ask her]." When the Prophet (s) entered the house, Fatima (a) took his clack and sandals and brought him water to wash his face and hand, then the Prophet said, "O, Fatima! you know the kinship, the merits and the antecedence in Islam of 'Ali. Besides, I asked [[God]] to marry you to the best person and the most favorite one to Him. 'Ali has just mentioned your name [for marriage], so what do you say?" She remained silent and did not move her head. When the Prophet (s) did not see expression of dislike on her face, stood up saying "[[Allah Akbar]]! Her silence is her acceptance." Then [[ | When [[Ali (a)]] asked the Prophet (s) for Fatima's hand, he (s) said, "O 'Ali! Various men has mentioned her but whenever I told her I saw expressions of dislike on her face; but let me go to her [and ask her]." When the Prophet (s) entered the house, Fatima (a) took his clack and sandals and brought him water to wash his face and hand, then the Prophet said, "O, Fatima! you know the kinship, the merits and the antecedence in Islam of 'Ali. Besides, I asked [[God]] to marry you to the best person and the most favorite one to Him. 'Ali has just mentioned your name [for marriage], so what do you say?" She remained silent and did not move her head. When the Prophet (s) did not see expression of dislike on her face, stood up saying "[[Allah Akbar]]! Her silence is her acceptance." Then [[Jabra'il]] came to the Prophet and said, "Marry her to [['Ali b. Abi Talib]]. God has chosen her for him and him for her." | ||
Later, he (s) told Fatima, "I have married you to the first Muslim from this nation."<ref>Shafi'i Shahrudi, ''Silsili-yi muzu'at-i al-Ghadir'', vol. 8, p. 60</ref> | Later, he (s) told Fatima, "I have married you to the first Muslim from this nation."<ref>Shafi'i Shahrudi, ''Silsili-yi muzu'at-i al-Ghadir'', vol. 8, p. 60</ref> | ||
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===Becoming the Prophets' Neighbor=== | ===Becoming the Prophets' Neighbor=== | ||
Being away from Fatima, his beloved daughter who had kept the memory of [[Khadija]] alive was very difficult for the Prophet (s). So, few days after the marriage, he (s) thought of accommodating them in a house. Since preparing a separated house for them was hard, he (s) decided to accommodate them in his own house. However, it was not possible either; as his house was small and [[ | Being away from Fatima, his beloved daughter who had kept the memory of [[Khadija]] alive was very difficult for the Prophet (s). So, few days after the marriage, he (s) thought of accommodating them in a house. Since preparing a separated house for them was hard, he (s) decided to accommodate them in his own house. However, it was not possible either; as his house was small and [[Aisha]] and [[Suda]] (his wives) lived with him in the house. When [[Haritha b. Nu'man]], one of his companions, knew that; he gave one of his houses that was near to the Prophet's house to Imam 'Ali (a) and Fatima (a).<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 72-73; Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, pp. 22-23</ref> | ||
===Children=== | ===Children=== | ||
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====Al-Muhsin==== | ====Al-Muhsin==== | ||
{{Main| | {{Main|Muhsin b. al-Imam 'Ali (a)}} | ||
Some Shi'a biographers and Sunni scholars have named another son for her, named [[al-Muhassan]]. Al-Baladhuri (d. 279/892) writes, "Fatima gave birth to al-Hasan, al-Husayn, and al-Muhassan. Al-Muhassan died in his childhood."<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 402, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> He also reports, "When al-Muhassan was born, the Prophet (s) asked Fatima, what did you name him? She said, Harb. He said, his name is al-Muhassan."<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 404, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> Also 'Ali b. Ahmad b. Sa'id al-Andalusi (b. [[384]]/994 d. [[456]]/1064) the author of ''Jamharat ansab al-'Arab'', writes: "Al-Muhassan died in childhood."<ref>Al-Andalusi, ''Jamharat ansab al-'Arab'', p. 16, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 243</ref> However, Mus'ab al-Zubayri (d. [[236]]/851), who lived before al-Baladhuri and al-Andalusi, and authored ''Nasab al-Quraysh'', did not mention anything about al-Muhassan. | Some Shi'a biographers and Sunni scholars have named another son for her, named [[al-Muhassan]]. Al-Baladhuri (d. 279/892) writes, "Fatima gave birth to al-Hasan, al-Husayn, and al-Muhassan. Al-Muhassan died in his childhood."<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 402, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> He also reports, "When al-Muhassan was born, the Prophet (s) asked Fatima, what did you name him? She said, Harb. He said, his name is al-Muhassan."<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 404, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 242</ref> Also 'Ali b. Ahmad b. Sa'id al-Andalusi (b. [[384]]/994 d. [[456]]/1064) the author of ''Jamharat ansab al-'Arab'', writes: "Al-Muhassan died in childhood."<ref>Al-Andalusi, ''Jamharat ansab al-'Arab'', p. 16, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 243</ref> However, Mus'ab al-Zubayri (d. [[236]]/851), who lived before al-Baladhuri and al-Andalusi, and authored ''Nasab al-Quraysh'', did not mention anything about al-Muhassan. | ||
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===Analysis of Fadak=== | ===Analysis of Fadak=== | ||
[[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] in his book ''[[Fadak fi l-tarikh]]'' (Fadak in history) counts the raising of the topic of Fadak by Fatima (a) as a political move.<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 49, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> He believes that Fadak is a symbol of a great goal and a full-scale revolution against the government of that time, which was founded in [[al-Saqifa]] by three people: [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]] and [[Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah]].<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', pp. 48, 63, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> According to his analysis,<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> the lady Fatima manifested her opposition to the government in 6 stages:<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 395-396</ref> | [[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] in his book ''[[Fadak fi l-tarikh]]'' (Fadak in history) counts the raising of the topic of Fadak by Fatima (a) as a political move.<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 49, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> He believes that Fadak is a symbol of a great goal and a full-scale revolution against the government of that time, which was founded in [[al-Saqifa]] by three people: [[Abu Bakr]], [['Umar]] and [[Abu 'Ubayda b. al-Jarrah]].<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', pp. 48, 63, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> According to his analysis,<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 395</ref> the lady Fatima manifested her opposition to the government in 6 stages:<ref>See Al-Sadr, ''Fadak fi l-tarikh'', p. 87, as cited in Muntaziri, ''Khutbi-yi hazrat-i Fatimi-yi Zahra'', pp. 395-396</ref> | ||
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Shi'a scholars unanimously believe that Fatima's body was buried at night.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | Shi'a scholars unanimously believe that Fatima's body was buried at night.<ref>Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | ||
[[Al-Ya'qubi]] says in his history book that Fatima (a) was buried at night and no one except [[Salman]], [[Abu Dhar]] and -according to a report- [['Ammar b. Yasir|'Ammar]] participated in her [[funeral]] and [[burial]].<ref>Al-Ya'qubu, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 1, p. 512</ref> [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has narrated a [[hadith]] that when [['Abbas b. 'Abd al- | [[Al-Ya'qubi]] says in his history book that Fatima (a) was buried at night and no one except [[Salman]], [[Abu Dhar]] and -according to a report- [['Ammar b. Yasir|'Ammar]] participated in her [[funeral]] and [[burial]].<ref>Al-Ya'qubu, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 1, p. 512</ref> [[Al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has narrated a [[hadith]] that when [[al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] suggested a respectful funeral for Fatima (a), [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] told him that Fatima had made a will to be buried privately and secretly.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Al-Amali'', p. 245</ref> | ||
Ibn Sa'd, a Sunni scholar and historian, has narrated hadiths that Fatima was buried at night by 'Ali.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, pp. 18-19, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Baladhuri, also, reported this in two hadiths about the event.<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 405, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Bukhari also, writes, "Her husband buried her at night and did not let [[Abu Bakr]] to attend her funeral."<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', vol. 5, p. 177, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | Ibn Sa'd, a Sunni scholar and historian, has narrated hadiths that Fatima was buried at night by 'Ali.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat'', vol. 8, pp. 18-19, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Baladhuri, also, reported this in two hadiths about the event.<ref>Al-Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', p. 405, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> Bukhari also, writes, "Her husband buried her at night and did not let [[Abu Bakr]] to attend her funeral."<ref>Al-Bukhari, ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', vol. 5, p. 177, as cited in Shahidi, ''Zindigani-yi Fatimi-yi Zahra'', p. 158</ref> | ||