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Laylat al-Qadr: Difference between revisions
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'''Laylat al-Qadr''' (Arabic: {{ia|لَیلَة القَدر}}, | '''Laylat al-Qadr''' (Arabic: {{ia|لَیلَة القَدر}}, night of power, night of value, Night of Measure, Night of Decree) is the best and most sacred night in the year based on Islamic teachings. In the [[Qur'an]], Laylat al-Qadr is mentioned in two Suras: [[Sura al-Qadr]] and [[Sura al-Dukhan]]. | ||
The exact date of Laylat al-Qadr is unknown. However, according to many traditions, it is in the month of [[Ramadan]]. [[Shi'a]] believe that it is the night of 19th or 21st or 23rd of the month of Ramadan or 15th of [[Sha'ban]]. Majority of [[Sunni]] Muslims mark 27th of the month of Ramadan as Laylat al-Qadr. | The exact date of Laylat al-Qadr is unknown. However, according to many traditions, it is in the month of [[Ramadan]]. [[Shi'a]] believe that it is the night of 19th or 21st or 23rd of the month of Ramadan or 15th of [[Sha'ban]]. Majority of [[Sunni]] Muslims mark 27th of the month of Ramadan as Laylat al-Qadr. | ||
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On these nights, Shi'a follow their [[Imams (a)]] in staying awake the whole night, reciting the Qur'an, praying and performing other rituals. The anniversary of [[Imam 'Ali]]'s martyrdom at [[21st of Ramadan]] has increased the importance of these days among Shi'a. According to [[hadiths]], Laylat al-Qadr is not only for [[the Prophet]]'s time, rather there is Laylat al-Qadr in every year. Based on these hadiths, Shi'a demonstrated that there must be a living [[Imam]] so that the angels who descend on that night would descend on him, an Imam with similar characteristics as of the Prophet (s). | On these nights, Shi'a follow their [[Imams (a)]] in staying awake the whole night, reciting the Qur'an, praying and performing other rituals. The anniversary of [[Imam 'Ali]]'s martyrdom at [[21st of Ramadan]] has increased the importance of these days among Shi'a. According to [[hadiths]], Laylat al-Qadr is not only for [[the Prophet]]'s time, rather there is Laylat al-Qadr in every year. Based on these hadiths, Shi'a demonstrated that there must be a living [[Imam]] so that the angels who descend on that night would descend on him, an Imam with similar characteristics as of the Prophet (s). | ||
==Naming== | |||
{{Prayer vertical}} | {{Prayer vertical}} | ||
Qadr, ({{ia|قدر}}) in Arabic, means measure and limit or value of something or destiny.<ref>Qarashī, ''Qāmūs al-Qurʾān'', vol. 5, p. 246-247.</ref> It is also used about the measure and the limits of existence.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 12, p. 144.</ref> | Qadr, ({{ia|قدر}}) in Arabic, means measure and limit or value of something or destiny.<ref>Qarashī, ''Qāmūs al-Qurʾān'', vol. 5, p. 246-247.</ref> It is also used about the measure and the limits of existence.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 12, p. 144.</ref> | ||
Some reasons have been offered for its naming: | Some reasons have been offered for its naming: | ||
* It is said that it was called al-Qadr because the annual destiny of every person will be determined by God, as it is mentioned in [[Sura al-Dukhan]] verse no.4: " | * It is said that it was called al-Qadr because the annual destiny of every person will be determined by God, as it is mentioned in [[Sura al-Dukhan]] verse no.4: "every definitive matter is resolved in it" and also in many hadiths that indicate the destiny of a year for everyone including the deeds, sustenance, births, deaths, etc. is determined at this night. | ||
* Some say that if one stay awake at this night, one will reach a high state. | * Some say that if one stay awake at this night, one will reach a high state. | ||
* Some have said that it was called al-Qadr because it is a grand and high-value night, as the Qur'an was revealed at this night to [[the Prophet]]'s (s) heart by an archangel.<ref>Malikī Tabrīzī, ''al-Murāqibāt'', p. 237-252.</ref> | * Some have said that it was called al-Qadr because it is a grand and high-value night, as the Qur'an was revealed at this night to [[the Prophet]]'s (s) heart by an archangel.<ref>Malikī Tabrīzī, ''al-Murāqibāt'', p. 237-252.</ref> | ||
Other names such as "Laylat al-' | Other names such as "Laylat al-'Azama" and "Laylat al-Sharaf" have also be mentioned for this night. | ||
==Importance== | ==Importance== | ||
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Exegetes of Qur'an believe that the [[verses]] of [[Sura al-Qadr]] connote that Laylat al-Qadr is repeated every year and it is not the only night that the Qur'an was sent down to the Prophet (s), or the ones in the Prophet's (s) time. In addition, many hadiths, which are about to be [[Mutawatir]], support this idea.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūnih'', vol. 27, p. 197.</ref> | Exegetes of Qur'an believe that the [[verses]] of [[Sura al-Qadr]] connote that Laylat al-Qadr is repeated every year and it is not the only night that the Qur'an was sent down to the Prophet (s), or the ones in the Prophet's (s) time. In addition, many hadiths, which are about to be [[Mutawatir]], support this idea.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūnih'', vol. 27, p. 197.</ref> | ||
According to some hadiths, Laylat al-Qadr is one of the blessings of God to the Islamic | According to some hadiths, Laylat al-Qadr is one of the blessings of God to the Islamic nation (umma). The Prophet (s) said "Allah has bestowed the Night of Qadr to my umma and non of the past nations have been blessed with this."<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūnih'', vol. 27, p. 190.</ref> | ||
==In the Qur'an== | ==In the Qur'an== | ||
Sura al-Qadr, the 97th sura of Qur'an is about Lalyat al-Qadr: | Sura al-Qadr, the 97th sura of Qur'an is about Lalyat al-Qadr: | ||
{{pull quote | {{pull quote | ||
| | |{{Arabic|بِسمِ الله الرَّحمنِ الرَّحِیم<br> | ||
إنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِی لَیلَةِ الْقَدْرِ (۱) وَمَا أَدْرَاک مَا لَیلَةُ الْقَدْرِ (۲) لَیلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَیرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ (۳) تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِکةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِیهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن کلِّ أَمْرٍ (۴) سَلَامٌ هِی حَتَّی مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ (۵)}} | إنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِی لَیلَةِ الْقَدْرِ (۱) وَمَا أَدْرَاک مَا لَیلَةُ الْقَدْرِ (۲) لَیلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَیرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ (۳) تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِکةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِیهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن کلِّ أَمْرٍ (۴) سَلَامٌ هِی حَتَّی مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ (۵)}} | ||
In the Name of God the All Merciful the Ever Merciful | In the Name of God the All Merciful the Ever Merciful | ||
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{{pull quote | {{pull quote | ||
| | |{{Arabic|بِسمِ الله الرَّحمنِ الرَّحِیم<br> | ||
حم (۱) وَالْکتَابِ الْمُبِینِ (۲) إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِی لَیلَةٍ مُّبَارَکةٍ إِنَّا کنَّا مُنذِرِینَ (۳) فِیهَا یفْرَقُ کلُّ أَمْرٍ حَکیمٍ (۴) أَمْرًا مِّنْ عِندِنَا إِنَّا کنَّا مُرْسِلِینَ (۵) رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّک إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِیعُ الْعَلِیمُ (۶)}} | حم (۱) وَالْکتَابِ الْمُبِینِ (۲) إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِی لَیلَةٍ مُّبَارَکةٍ إِنَّا کنَّا مُنذِرِینَ (۳) فِیهَا یفْرَقُ کلُّ أَمْرٍ حَکیمٍ (۴) أَمْرًا مِّنْ عِندِنَا إِنَّا کنَّا مُرْسِلِینَ (۵) رَحْمَةً مِّن رَّبِّک إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِیعُ الْعَلِیمُ (۶)}} | ||
In the Name of God the All Merciful the Ever Merciful | In the Name of God the All Merciful the Ever Merciful | ||
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|source = Quran 44}} | |source = Quran 44}} | ||
== | ==In Hadith== | ||
There are hadiths in Shi'a sources that presented the night of Qadr and Surat al-Qadr as evidence for existence of an Imam in every time. According to these hadiths, angels were sent down to the Prophet (s) on that night and because the Qadr night is not only for the Prophet's (s) time, every year they will be sent down on his successors, [[Infallible Imams]] (a) who are the nearest and most similar people to him (s). Here are two of these hadiths: | There are hadiths in Shi'a sources that presented the night of Qadr and Surat al-Qadr as evidence for existence of an Imam in every time. According to these hadiths, angels were sent down to the Prophet (s) on that night and because the Qadr night is not only for the Prophet's (s) time, every year they will be sent down on his successors, [[Infallible Imams]] (a) who are the nearest and most similar people to him (s). Here are two of these hadiths: | ||
[[Ibn 'Abbas]] narrated: [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said, "There is a Qadr night in every year, in which the affairs of the year will sent down. There are guardians for those affairs after the Prophet (s)." Ibn 'Abbas asked, "Who are they?" Imam said "I and eleven of my descendants, the [[ | [[Ibn 'Abbas]] narrated: [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said, "There is a Qadr night in every year, in which the affairs of the year will sent down. There are guardians for those affairs after the Prophet (s)." Ibn 'Abbas asked, "Who are they?" Imam said "I and eleven of my descendants, the [[muhaddath]] (the one to whom the angels speak) Imams."<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 247-248.</ref> | ||
[[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] said, "O, community of Shi'a! Argue with your opponents by | [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] said, "O, community of Shi'a! Argue with your opponents by Sura al-Qadr, so that you succeed. By God! It (Surat al-Qadr) is about the Proof of God (Hujjat Allah) on people after the Prophet (s) and it (Sura al-Qadr) is the master of your religion and the extend of our knowledge."<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 249.</ref> | ||
In other words the summary of the argument will be as following: | In other words the summary of the argument will be as following: | ||