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Imam Muhammad b. Ali al-Jawad (a): Difference between revisions
Imam Muhammad b. Ali al-Jawad (a) (view source)
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|caption =[[Holy Shrine of Kazimayn (a)]], [[Kadhimiya]], [[Iraq]] | |caption =[[Holy Shrine of Kazimayn (a)]], [[Kadhimiya]], [[Iraq]] | ||
|kunya =Abu Ja'far, Abu 'Ali | |kunya =Abu Ja'far, Abu 'Ali | ||
|born =[[Rajab 10]], [[195]]/[[April | |born =[[Rajab 10]], [[195]]/[[April 8]], 811 | ||
|birthplace =[[Medina]], [[Arabia]] | |birthplace =[[Medina]], [[Arabia]] | ||
|beginning of imamate =[[Safar | |beginning of imamate =[[Safar 30]], [[203]]/[[September 6]], 818 | ||
|duration of imamate =17 years | |duration of imamate =17 years | ||
|contemporary rulers =[[Al-Ma'mun]], [[al-Mu'tasim]] | |contemporary rulers =[[Al-Ma'mun]], [[al-Mu'tasim]] | ||
|martyrdom =[[Dhu l-Qa'da 30]], [[220]]/[[November | |martyrdom =[[Dhu l-Qa'da 30]], [[220]]/[[November 25]], 835 | ||
|place of martyrdom =[[Kadhimiya]], [[Iraq]] | |place of martyrdom =[[Kadhimiya]], [[Iraq]] | ||
|cause of death =Poisoning | |cause of death =Poisoning | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Mūsā''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|محمد بن علي بن موسی}}) known as '''Imām al-Jawād (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|امام الجواد}}) was the ninth Imam of [[Twelver Shia]], his kunya was Abu Ja'far and he is mentioned in haidth sources as Abu Ja'far al-Thani (the second Abu Ja'far). He (a) was born on [[Rajab 10]], [[195]]/[[April | '''Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Mūsā''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|محمد بن علي بن موسی}}) known as '''Imām al-Jawād (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|امام الجواد}}) was the ninth Imam of [[Twelver Shia]], his kunya was Abu Ja'far and he is mentioned in haidth sources as Abu Ja'far al-Thani (the second Abu Ja'far). He (a) was born on [[Rajab 10]], [[195]]/[[April 8]], 811 in [[Medina]] and was [[Imam]] for 17 years. He was martyred when he (a) was 25 years old and was buried in [[Kadhimiya]] beside the grave of his grandfather [[Musa b. Ja'far (a)]]. He was the youngest Imam when he was martyred. | ||
Because Imam al-Jawad was an 8 year old child, some Shi'a followed [['Abd Allah b. Musa]] and some others followed [[Waqifids]]. But most Shi'a accepted the [[imamate]] of Imam al-Jawad (a) due to his scientific superiority in spite of his age. At that time, due to restrictions made for Imam (a), his connections with Shi'a were mostly made through agents. | Because Imam al-Jawad was an 8 year old child, some Shi'a followed [['Abd Allah b. Musa]] and some others followed [[Waqifids]]. But most Shi'a accepted the [[imamate]] of Imam al-Jawad (a) due to his scientific superiority in spite of his age. At that time, due to restrictions made for Imam (a), his connections with Shi'a were mostly made through agents. | ||
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== Birth == | == Birth == | ||
According to the report of historians, Imam al-Jawad (a) was born in [[195]]/811 in [[Medina]]. However, there is a disagreement about the day and month of his birth. Some have regarded Imam's (a) birthday as [[Ramadan 15]]/[[June | According to the report of historians, Imam al-Jawad (a) was born in [[195]]/811 in [[Medina]]. However, there is a disagreement about the day and month of his birth. Some have regarded Imam's (a) birthday as [[Ramadan 15]]/[[June 11]].<ref>Ashʿarī, ''Kitāb al-maqālāt wa al-firaq'', p. 99; Ṭabarī, ''Dalāʾil al-imāma'', p. 201.</ref> The famous and unique report is [[Rajab 10]]/[[April 8]] which has been mentioned by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] in ''[[Misbah al-mutahajjid (book)|Misbah al-mutahajjid]]''.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Misbāḥ al-mutahajjid'', p. 805</ref> | ||
=== Blessed Child === | === Blessed Child === | ||
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[[File:The Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn.jpg|290px|thumbnail|right|An old photo of the [[Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn (a)]]. Photo is taken by British Air Force in 1335/1917 during World War I.]] | [[File:The Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn.jpg|290px|thumbnail|right|An old photo of the [[Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn (a)]]. Photo is taken by British Air Force in 1335/1917 during World War I.]] | ||
Imam al-Jawad (a) went to Baghdad twice following the request of his two contemporary caliphs. The first trip at the time of al-Ma'mun was not long.<ref>See: Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 380.</ref> Al-Mu'tasim, the Abbasid caliph summoned Imam al-Jawad (a) from [[Medina]] to [[Baghdad]]. On [[Muharram 28]], [[220]]/[[February | Imam al-Jawad (a) went to Baghdad twice following the request of his two contemporary caliphs. The first trip at the time of al-Ma'mun was not long.<ref>See: Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 380.</ref> Al-Mu'tasim, the Abbasid caliph summoned Imam al-Jawad (a) from [[Medina]] to [[Baghdad]]. On [[Muharram 28]], [[220]]/[[February 1]], 835, Imam (a) entered Baghdad and passed away in [[Dhu l-Qa'da]]/November of the same year<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 295.</ref> at the age of 25 and was buried beside his grandfather [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] in [[Kadhimiya]].<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 379; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 50, p. 12, 13.</ref> | ||
The day and month of his martyrdom have been mentioned in some sources as Dhu l-Hijja 5 or 6 (December 4 or 5)<ref>Ibn Abī l-Thalj, ''Tārīkh al-Aʾimma'', p. 13.</ref> and in some other sources as the end of Dhu l-Qa'da/November 29.<ref>Ashʿarī, ''Kitāb al-maqālāt wa al-firaq'', p. 99; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā'', vol. 2, p. 106.</ref> | The day and month of his martyrdom have been mentioned in some sources as Dhu l-Hijja 5 or 6 (December 4 or 5)<ref>Ibn Abī l-Thalj, ''Tārīkh al-Aʾimma'', p. 13.</ref> and in some other sources as the end of Dhu l-Qa'da/November 29.<ref>Ashʿarī, ''Kitāb al-maqālāt wa al-firaq'', p. 99; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā'', vol. 2, p. 106.</ref> | ||