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Akhbaris: Difference between revisions
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The Usuli-Akhbari struggle, which began in the 11th century A.H. (17th century) and continued with the emergence of Akhbari extremism, turned into a consistent and serious fight against Akhbarism by Usuli scholars, most prominent of whom was Wahid al-Bihbahani (d. 1205 A.H./ 1791). At this time, many cities in [[Iraq]], particularly [[Karbala]] and [[Najaf]], were centers of Akhbarism, administered and led by [[al-Shaykh Yusuf al-Bahrani]]. Proponents of Usul and [[ijtihad]] were isolated at this point, until Wahid migrated to Karbala and started a serious, persistent campaign against Akhbarism. | The Usuli-Akhbari struggle, which began in the 11th century A.H. (17th century) and continued with the emergence of Akhbari extremism, turned into a consistent and serious fight against Akhbarism by Usuli scholars, most prominent of whom was Wahid al-Bihbahani (d. 1205 A.H./ 1791). At this time, many cities in [[Iraq]], particularly [[Karbala]] and [[Najaf]], were centers of Akhbarism, administered and led by [[al-Shaykh Yusuf al-Bahrani]]. Proponents of Usul and [[ijtihad]] were isolated at this point, until Wahid migrated to Karbala and started a serious, persistent campaign against Akhbarism. | ||
Along with his theoretical arguments against Akhbarism and for the method of ijtihad, Wahid took practical measures against Akhbaris as well. For example, he issued a [[fatwa]] according to which it was illegitimate to say prayers | Along with his theoretical arguments against Akhbarism and for the method of ijtihad, Wahid took practical measures against Akhbaris as well. For example, he issued a [[fatwa]] according to which it was illegitimate to say prayers led by al-Shaykh Yusuf al-Bahrani. As a consequence of such theoretical and practical struggles, Usuli scholars overtook the power and dominance in Shiite regions. | ||
A book by Wahid in | A book by Wahid in rejecting Akhbarism and defending ijtihad is ''[[Risala al-ijtihad wa al-akhbar]]''. Given his serious and long theoretical and practical battles against Akhbarism, Wahid al-Bihbahani has been considered as the propagator of Shiism and the reviver of ijtihad in the 13th century A.H. (18th and 19th centuries). | ||
===Shaykh al-Ansari=== | ===Shaykh al-Ansari=== | ||
{{main|Al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari}} | {{main|Al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari}} | ||
After | After Wahid al-Bihbahani, [[Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari]] (d. 1281 A.H./ 1864) counts as the founder of [[usul al-fiqh]]. He is quoted as saying that if [[Muhammad Amin al-Astarabadi]] were alive, he would accept and admire his version of usul al-fiqh. | ||
===Kashif al-Ghita'=== | ===Kashif al-Ghita'=== | ||
{{main|Al-Shaykh Ja'far al-Najafi Kashif al-Ghita'}} | {{main|Al-Shaykh Ja'far al-Najafi Kashif al-Ghita'}} | ||
Another Usuli scholar who seriously campaigned against Akhbarism was [[al-Shaykh Ja'far al-Najafi Kashif al-Ghita']] (d. 1227 | Another Usuli scholar who seriously campaigned against Akhbarism was [[al-Shaykh Ja'far al-Najafi Kashif al-Ghita']] (d. 1227 A.H./ 1812), who opposed to [[Mirza Muhamamd al-Akhbari]], writing his well-known essay, ''[[Kashf al-ghita' 'an ma'ayib-i Mirza Muhammad 'aduww al-'ulama]]'' (uncovering the faults of Mirza Muhammad [al-Akhbari], the enemy of scholars). He sent this essay to [[Fath 'Ali Shah Qajar]] to discourage him from supporting Mirza Muhamamd. | ||
==The Geographical Distribution of Akhbaris== | ==The Geographical Distribution of Akhbaris== | ||